Release Of Ascorbic Acid Research Articles

Comparing the impact of conventional and non-conventional processing technologies on water-soluble vitamins and color in strawberry nectar – a pilot scale study

A comprehensive comparison was conducted on the effect of conventional thermal processing (TT), high-pressure processing (HP), pulse electric field (PF), and ohmic heating (OH) on water-soluble vitamins and color retention in strawberry nectar. The ascorbic acid (AA) content increased by 15- and 9-fold after TT and OH treatment, respectively, due to rupturing of cells under heat stress and release of intracellular AA. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) content did not change considerably after TT and PF treatment but significantly decreased after HP and OH treatment. TT treatment offered the highest total vitamin C retention. The B vitamins remained largely unchanged after processing, with the highest loss of 34 % for riboflavin in OH-treated samples. All the technologies resulted in similar color retention after processing. The study concludes with a standardized comparison of mainstream preservation technologies using pilot-scale equipment. Such an approach significantly increases the applicability of the results presented in the study.

Understand the Stabilization Engineering of Ascorbic Acid, Mapping the Scheme for Stabilization, and Advancement.

Vitamin C is extensively used in cosmetic formulation, howbeit stability is the supreme demerit that limits its use in beautifying products. Numerous techniques are being employed to inhibit the degradation of vitamin C caused by formulation components to facilitate the use in skin rejuvenating products. Diverse materials are being exercised in formulation to stabilize the ascorbic acid and ingredients selected in this formulation composition help for stabilization. The initial stable prototype is developed and further optimization is accomplished by applying the design of experiment tools. The stable pharmaceutical formulations were evaluated for the evaluation parameters and designated as two optimized formulations. The analytical method for the assay of ascorbic acid from the United States pharmacopeia and the related substance method from European pharmacopeia has been modified to be used for cream formulation. The DoE design exhibited that the stability of formulation is impacted by citric acid and tartaric acid but not by propylene glycol and glycerin. The analysis results of topical formulations for the evaluation parameter exhibited satisfactory results. The in-vitro release study method has been developed, optimized, and validated to fit the analysis. The in-vitro studies have been performed for selected compositions and both the formulation has similar kinds of release patterns. The stability study as per ICH guidelines exhibited that the product is stable for accelerated, intermediate, and room-temperature storage conditions. The optimized formulation shows constant release and permeation of ascorbic acid through the skin. The formulation with the combinations of citric acid, tartaric acid, and tocopherol is more stable and the degradation of vitamin C has been reduced significantly. The beaucoup strategies in the unique composition help to protect the degradation by inhibiting the multitudinous degradation pathways.

Hybrid Membrane-Camouflaged Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Nanoturrets with Sequential Multidrug Release for Potentiating T Cell-Mediated Anticancer Immunity.

Ascorbic acid (AA) has been attracting great attention with its emerging potential in T cell-dependent antitumor immunity. However, premature blood clearance and immunologically "cold" tumors severely compromise its immunotherapeutic outcomes. As such, the reversal of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) has been the premise for improving the effectiveness of AA-based immunotherapy, which hinges upon advanced AA delivery and amplified immune-activating strategies. Herein, a novel Escherichia coli (E. coli) outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-red blood cell (RBC) hybrid membrane (ERm)-camouflaged immunomodulatory nanoturret is meticulously designed based on gating of an AA-immobilized metal-organic framework (MOF) onto bortezomib (BTZ)-loaded magnesium-doped mesoporous silica (MMS) nanovehicles, which can realize immune landscape remodeling by chemotherapy-assisted ascorbate-mediated immunotherapy (CAMIT). Once reaching the acidic TME, the acidity-sensitive MOF gatekeeper and MMS core within the nanoturret undergo stepwise degradation, allowing for tumor-selective sequential release of AA and BTZ. The released BTZ can evoke robust immunogenic cell death (ICD), synergistically promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation in combination with OMV, and ultimately increase T cell tumor infiltration together with Mg2+. The army of T cells is further activated by AA, exhibiting remarkable antitumor and antimetastasis performance. Moreover, the CD8-deficient mice model discloses the T cell-dependent immune mechanism of the AA-based CAMIT strategy. In addition to providing a multifunctional biomimetic hybrid nanovehicle, this study is also anticipated to establish a new immunomodulatory fortification strategy based on the multicomponent-driven nanoturret for highly efficient T cell-activation-enhanced synergistic AA immunotherapy.

Fast skin healing chitosan/PEO hydrogels: In vitro and in vivo studies

Due to its outstanding qualities, particularly when it takes the shape of hydrogels, chitosan is a well-known biological macromolecule with many applications. When chitosan hydrogels are modified with other polymers, the desirable function as skin regeneration hydrogels is compromised; nevertheless, the mechanical properties can be improved, which is crucial for commercialization. In this study, for the first time, bimetallic zinc silver metal-organic frameworks (ZAg MOF) loaded with ascorbic acid were added to chitosan/polyethylene oxide (PEO) based interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels that were crosslinked with biotin to improve their antimicrobial activity, mechanical characteristics, and sustainable treatment of wounds. Significant changes in the microstructure, hydrophilicity level, and mechanical properties were noticed. Ascorbic acid release patterns were upregulated in an acidic environment pH (5.5) that mimics the initial wound pH. Impressive cell viability (98 %), antimicrobial properties, and almost full skin healing in a short time were achieved for the non-replaceable chitosan/PEO developed hydrogels. Enhancing the wound healing of the treated animals using the prepared CS/PEO hydrogel dressing was found to be a result of the inhibition of dermal inflammation via decreasing IL-1β, suppressing ECM degradation (MMP9), stimulating proliferation through upregulation of TGF-β and increasing ECM synthesis as it elevates collagen 1 and α-SMA contents. The findings support the implementation of developed hydrogels as antimicrobial hydrogels dressing for fast skin regeneration.

Insight into the Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid-Containing Gelatin Nanoparticles in Simulated Chronic Wound Conditions.

Chronic wounds differ from acute wounds by remaining in the inflammatory phase for a long time. This chronic inflammation confers a high concentration of inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and ROS. Likewise, the pH environment of chronic wounds has been recorded within the range of 7.2-8.9 due to the alkaline by-products of bacterial proliferation. In this work, differences in pH between healthy skin and chronic cutaneous wounds have been used for the design and development of pH-responsive gelatin-based nanoparticles (NPs). Ascorbic acid (AA), as an antioxidant compound that can neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been the therapeutic model compound included in these NPs. The goal of the present work has been the preparation and characterization (physicochemical and biological properties) of NPs for the effective release of AA under simulated chronic wound conditions. In vitro experiments demonstrated total AA release at pH corresponding to the chronic wounds. The biocompatible character of these gelatin-based NPs based on their hemolytic and cytotoxicity responses has been highlighted under in vitro conditions. The reversible and protective antioxidant properties of the AA-including NPs in erythrocytes and skin cell lines, respectively, have been confirmed to be modulated by the gelatin A gel strength.

Co-encapsulation and release of apigenin and ascorbic acid in polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules for targeted polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is linked to hormonal imbalances and oxidative stress. Our study investigates the regenerative potential of apigenin (AP, hydrophobic) and ascorbic acid (AC, hydrophilic) encapsulated within poly (allylamine hydrochloride) and dextran sulfate (PAH/DS) hollow microcapsules for PCOS. These microcapsules, constructed using a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, are found to be 4 ± 0.5 μm in size. Our research successfully demonstrates the co-encapsulation of AP and AC in a single PAH/DS system with high encapsulation efficiency followed by successful release at physiological conditions by CLSM investigations. In vitro tests with testosterone-treated CHO cells reveal that the dual-drug-loaded PAH/DS capsules effectively reduce intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis and offering protection. In an in-vivo zebrafish model, these capsules demonstrate active biodistribution to targeted ovaries and reduce testosterone levels through radical scavenging. Histopathological examinations show that the injected dual-drug-loaded PAH/DS microcapsules assist in the development of ovarian follicles in testosterone-treated zebrafish. Hence, this dual-drug-loaded system, capable of co-encapsulating two natural compounds, effectively interacts with ovarian cells, reducing cellular damage and normalizing PCOS conditions.

In Situ Ratiometric Determination of Cerebral Ascorbic Acid after Ischemia Reperfusion.

Ascorbic acid (AA) is significant in protecting the brain from further damage and maintaining brain homeostasis after ischemia stroke (IS); however, the dynamic change of cerebral AA content after different degrees of ischemic stroke is still unclear. Herein, carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT-COOH)- and polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)-modified carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) were proposed to detect in situ cerebral AA with sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Under differential pulse voltammetry scanning, the CFE/CNT-COOH/PEDOT gave a ratiometric, electrochemically responsive signal. The internal standard peak at -310 mV was from the reversible peak of O2 reduction and the deprotonation and protonation of quinone groups, while AA was oxidized at -70 mV. In vivo experimental results indicated that the cerebral AA level gradually increased with the ischemic time increasing in different middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model mice. This work implies that the increasing cerebral AA level may be highly related to the glutamate excitotoxicity and ROS-led cell apoptosis and paves a new way for further understanding the release and metabolic mechanisms of AA during ischemia reperfusion and IS.

Bigels for controlled gastric release of ascorbic acid: Impact on rheology, texture, thermal stability and antioxidant activity

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a vital nutrient to maintain critical physiological functions but is very sensitive to processing and storage. This can be overcome by using gel-based systems for controlled release of AA. This study compares various gel-based formulations such as hydrogel, emulsion gel, bigel (25 %, 50 %, and 75 % oleogel), and emulsions for thermal stability and delivery of AA, rheological and textural profile, encapsulation efficiency (>97 %), in vitro gastrointestinal release profile, and the corresponding antioxidant profile. An increase in the oleogel content increased the hardness (125 – 216 g) and viscoelastic properties (G′ and G′′) but decreased (76.16 – 25.86 %) the swelling ratio of the bigel. A spontaneous release of AA was witnessed during gastric digestion from emulsion gels (95 %), hydrogels (98 %) and emulsions, whereas a gradual and controlled gastric release of AA could be achieved by bigels. However, a sudden decrease in AA (70 – 80 % reduction) and a spike in dehydroascorbic acid (DHA, oxidized AA) could be observed during intestinal digestion. The bioaccessibility was highest for emulsion gel and bigel (87 %) and lowest for emulsions (70 %). Bigels with higher oleogel content also showed better thermal stability but their physical stability was compromised at higher temperature. The DPPH and ABTS activity was proportional to AA, while FRAP was impacted by both DHA and AA. Thus bigels could be utilised for controlled gastric release of AA with better thermal stability.

Photocurrent Polarity Reversal Induced by Electron-Donor Release for the Highly Sensitive Photoelectrochemical Detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165.

Photocurrent polarity reversal is a switching process between the anodic and cathodic pathways and is critical for eliminating false positivity and improving detection sensitivity in photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing. In this study, we construct a PEC sensor with excellent photocurrent polarity reversal induced by ascorbic acid (AA) as an electron donor with the energy level matching the photoactive material zirconium metal-organic framework (ZrMOF). The ZrMOF-modified electrode demonstrates cathodic photocurrent in the presence of O2 as an electron acceptor, while the anodic photocurrent is generated in the presence of AA, achieving photocurrent polarity reversal. By the in situ release of AA from AA-encapsulated apoferritin modified with DNA 2 (AA@APO-S2) as a detection tag in the presence of trypsin after the recognition of hairpin DNA-modified indium tin oxide to the reaction product of aptamer/DNA 1 with the target protein and the following rolling cycle amplification for introducing the detection tag to the sensing interface, the reversed photocurrent shows an enhanced photocurrent response to the target protein, leading to a highly sensitive PEC sensing strategy. This strategy realizes the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 with good specificity, a wide linear range, and a low detection limit down to 5.3 fM. The actual sample analysis offers the detection results of the proposed PEC sensor comparable to those of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, indicating the promising application of the photocurrent polarity reversal-based PEC sensing strategy in biomolecule detection and clinical diagnosis.

Combining Olaparib and Ascorbic Acid on Nanoparticles to Enhance the Drug Toxic Effects in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) shows a very poor response to current treatments. Development of drug resistance is one of the causes of the therapy failure, being PARP1 (poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1) a relevant protein in the resistance mechanism. In this work, we have functionalized calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles (NPs) with Olaparib (OLA, a PARP-1 inhibitor) in combination with ascorbic acid (AA), a pro-oxidative agent, to enhance their individual effects. Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) NPs were synthesized through a biomimetic approach and then functionalized with OLA and AA (NP-ACP-OLA-AA). After evaluation of the loading capacity and release kinetic, cytotoxicity, cell migration, immunofluorescence, and gene expression assays were performed using pancreatic tumor cell lines. In vivo studies were carried out on tumors derived from the PANC-1 line in NOD SCID gamma (NSG) mice. NP-ACP-OLA-AA was loaded with 13%wt of OLA (75% loading efficiency) and 1% of AA, respectively. The resulting dual nanosystem exhibited a gradual release of OLA and AA, being the latter protected from degradation in solution. This ensured the simultaneous availability of OLA and AA for a longer period, at least, during the entire time of in vitro cell experiments (72 hours). In vitro studies indicated that NP-ACP-OLA-AA showed the best cytotoxic effect outperforming that of the free OLA and a higher genotoxicity and apoptosis-mediated cytotoxic effect in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line. Interestingly, the in vivo assays using immunosuppressed mice with PANC-1-induced tumors revealed that NP-ACP-OLA-AA produced a higher tumor volume reduction (59.1%) compared to free OLA (28.3%) and increased the mice survival. Calcium phosphate NPs, a highly biocompatible and biodegradable system, were an ideal vector for the OLA and AA co-treatment in PC, inducing significant therapeutic benefits relative to free OLA, including cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration, tumor growth, and survival.

Ascorbic acid-loaded gellan-g-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate matrix as a wound-healing material

Ascorbic acid (AA) is one of the important biomolecules involved in all phases of wound healing. The aim of this study was to develop a new hydrogel system that offers topical delivery of ascorbic acid to wounds during wound care management. In this work, we grafted poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate onto a renewable biopolymer gellan, and the graft copolymer (GPMA) formed was crosslinked covalently and ionically, and used as a matrix for delivering AA to the wounds. By the processes of grafting and crosslinking, the mechanical properties of the gellan increased several fold compared to mechanically weak native gellan. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation showed that GPMA was non-cytotoxic to fibroblast cells. GPMA hydrogel matrix allowed the sustained release of AA. When AA was incorporated in GPMA, a significant improvement in wound closure was observed in scratch wound assay performed with keratinocytes. Since AA acts as a cofactor in collagen synthesis, the controlled delivery of AA to the wound microenvironment favors the up-regulation of colα1 gene expression. This study revealed that ascorbic acid, at a concentration of 150 μM, has a favorable impact on wound healing when tested in vitro. Overall results indicate that the GPMA matrix could be a promising material for wound healing applications.

Diagnosis to determine the root cause of unproductive times in the release of ascorbic acid as a raw material

The present work was carried out in a company dedicated to the elaboration of medicines and food supplements, in which a diagnosis was made in the raw material release process, specifically, in ascorbic acid; where the critical points of the release process that presented a difference in time (unproductive time) were detected in the analysis of the parameters of each test of the raw material with respect to the established time. The objective of this work was to determine the root causes of unproductive times that affect the release of raw material; the methodology used was a study of times and movements, process flow diagrams and route diagrams. During development, the proposal for traceability formats of the characteristics of the raw material was designed.

Ascorbyl palmitate–PCL fiber mats loaded with strontium polyphosphate nanoparticles for guided bone regeneration

Multifunctional fiber mats are explored as potential bioactive matrices for the development of the next generation of guided bone regeneration membranes with tunable microstructure, strength and therapeutic activity. In the present study, polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers with different concentrations of ascorbic acid derivatives (ascorbyl palmitate) and strontium polyphosphate nanoparticles (Sr-polyP NPs) were fabricated. The obtained PCL mats scaffolds were assessed not only for microstructure structure features, including morphological observation, hydrophilicity and tensile strength, but also in vitro water uptake, biodegradation (under enzymatic and hydrolytic conditions), bioactivity using SBF, as well as ascorbic acid release study. The observed results showed that the mean fiber diameter of the PCL fibers (388 ± 340 nm) increased with the increase in the concentration of the ASP and Sr-polyP NPs. The addition of ascorbyl palmitate caused an increase in viscosity from 40.6 ± 2.5 to 66.6 ± 2.0 cP in the case of 20% AsP/PCL; however, it caused a decrease in conductivity from 7.3 ± 0.4 to 6.38 µs, while there was an obvious increase in the viscosity and conductivity by Sr-polyP Nps addition from 40.6 ± 2.5 cP in the case of PCL only to 88.3 ± 2.5 cP in the case of PA1/SP15. The contact angle decreases from 125.9 ± 2.5° in the case of PCL only to 112 ± 4 and 102 ± 2.4° in the case of 20% loaded ascorbyl palmitate-PCL mats and 15% Sr/PCL, respectively. Moreover, the assessment of the antioxidant activity of PCL fiber mats containing 10% and 20% ascorbyl palmitate demonstrated that the 20% ascorbyl palmitate-PCL fiber mats have a higher antioxidant effectiveness compared to the 10% mats. This could be attributed to the controlled release of ascorbic acid from PCL, which occurs after 7 days. However, the highest tensile strength was observed for 5% Sr-polyP NPs-loaded PCL/AsP mats at 1.52 ± 0.51 MPa. Further increase of Sr-polyP NPs content resulted in a clear decrease of tensile strength to 1.13 ± 0.13and 0.93 ± 0.71 for 10% and 20% ascorbyl palmitate-PCL mats, respectively. Importantly, the fabricated AsP and Sr-polyP NPs-loaded PCL fiber mats showed induction of calcium phosphate deposition in SBF and the ability to sustain release of ascorbic acid over a time period of 28 d, in addition to the enhancement in cell proliferation compared to PCL only suggesting their application as a favorable synthetic matrix to amplify guided bone regeneration process.Graphical abstract

Production of Antioxidant Transfersomes by a Supercritical CO2 Assisted Process for Transdermal Delivery Applications.

Transfersomes are deformable vesicles that can transport drugs across difficult-to-permeate barriers in human tissues. In this work, nano-transfersomes were produced for the first time by a supercritical CO2 assisted process. Operating at 100 bar and 40 °C, different amounts of phosphatidylcholine (2000 and 3000 mg), kinds of edge activators (Span® 80 and Tween® 80), and phosphatidylcholine to edge activator weight ratio (95:5, 90:10, 80:20) were tested. Formulations prepared using Span® 80 and phosphatidylcholine at an 80:20 weight ratio produced stable transfersomes (-30.4 ± 2.4 mV ζ-potential) that were characterized by a mean diameter of 138 ± 55 nm. A prolonged ascorbic acid release of up to 5 h was recorded when the largest amount of phosphatidylcholine (3000 mg) was used. Moreover, a 96% ascorbic acid encapsulation efficiency and a quasi-100% DPPH radical scavenging activity of transfersomes were measured after supercritical processing.

Synthesis of nanostructured silica particles for controlled release of ascorbic acid: Microstructure features and In Vitro scratch wound assay.

To date, the long term stability of ascorbic acid (AA) under physiological conditions represents a major issue for wound healing and tissue regeneration applications. In this study, ascorbylphosphate (AP) was loaded into silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) through a simple one-step procedure, in which sphericalshaped porous SiNPs were obtained via hydrolysis/condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of bicarbonate salt and ammonia. The as-prepared SiNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). Incorporation of bicarbonate salt resulted in the formation of spherical SiNPs with an average diameter of 460±89nm, while further increase of bicarbonate salt led to the formation of silica sheet-like structures.The AP-loaded SiNPs exhibited high loading efficiency from 92.3- 81.5%, according to AP content and sustained release over 3 days. According to cell viability assay, the obtained AP-enriched SiNPS showed no toxicity and supportive effect to the proliferation of human skin fibroblast cells (HSF) at a concentration less than 200μg/mL. Moreover, it was observed that the wound closure percentage (%) after 24h was also shown to increase to 74.1±3.1% for 20AP-loaded SiNPs compared to control samples (50.1±1.8%). The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the developed SiNPs formulation exhibits optimal microstructure features to maintain a sustained release of AA at wound bed for the healing of skin tissue, including acute and chronic wounds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Zein coacervate as a new coating material for temperature-triggered microcapsule and fruit preservation

Due to the opposite effect of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, the formation of a hydrophobic shell on the surface of hydrophilic cores in aqueous environments is a challenge. Zein coacervate originating from plant protein liquidliquid phase separation has low interfacial energy, which creates conditions to achieve the above goals. This work proposed zein coacervate as a new coating material for the preparation of hydrophilic-hydrophobic core-shell microcapsules or the coating of fruit. Different from particles simply stacking at the interface, this zein coacervate coated on the surface could form a denser shell. For the prepared microcapsules, this dense zein coacervate shell could prevent the release of ascorbic acid at a low temperature, while the dense shell could be destroyed to have a quick release at approximately 37 ℃, creating a kind of hydrophilic-hydrophobic core-shell microcapsule with temperature-dependent triggered performance. This dense shell could also endow microcapsules with anti-ultraviolet and antioxidant capacities, features that microcapsules without this dense shell are lacking. For the coating of fruits, this dense shell derived from plants could come in contact with food products and be beneficial for the preservation of fruits. Therefore, this zein coacervate could have the potential to be a healthy and green coating material for a broad range of applications, such as cosmetics, food, drug delivery and the preservation of fruits and vegetables.

A Novel Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Engineered Interface for Electrochemical Monitoring of Ascorbic Acid During the Occurrence of Glutamate-Induced Brain Cytotoxic Edemas.

Although neuroelectrochemical sensing technology offers unique benefits for neuroscience research, its application is limited by substantial interference in complex brain environments while ensuring biosafety requirements. In this study, we introduced poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) to construct a composite membrane-modified carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME/P3HT-N-MWCNTs) for ascorbic acid (AA) detection. The microelectrode presented good linearity, selectivity, stability, antifouling, and biocompatibility and exhibited great performance for application in neuroelectrochemical sensing. Subsequently, we applied CFME/P3HT-N-MWCNTs to monitor AA release from in vitro nerve cells, ex vivo brain slices, and in vivo living rat brains and determined that glutamate can induce cell edema and AA release. We also found that glutamate activated the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor, which enhanced Na+ and Cl- inflow to induce osmotic stress, resulting in cytotoxic edema and ultimately AA release. This study is the first to observe the process of glutamate-induced brain cytotoxic edema with AA release and to reveal the mechanism. Our work can benefit the application of P3HT in in vivo implant microelectrode construction to monitor neurochemicals, understand the molecular basis of nervous system diseases, and discover certain biomarkers of brain diseases.

Industry-Scale Microfluidizer: a Novel Technology to Improve Physiochemical Qualities and Volatile Flavor of Whole Mango Juice

Industry-scale microfluidizer system (ISMS) is a novel equipment for producing filtered-free whole beverages. This study investigated the color, nutrition, and flavor changes of whole mango juice (WMJ) treated by ISMS under various pressure (0–120 MPa). Results showed that ISMS well maintained the total soluble solid content, pH value, and yellow color of WMJ. The carotenoids were not destroyed with treatment pressure below 90 MPa, and the carotenoids bioaccessibility of all the WMJ samples was no change. More importantly, ISMS promoted the release of ascorbic acid and total polyphenols by disrupting cellular integrity, thus improving antioxidant activities of WMJ. Volatile compounds analysis found that WMJ samples had more terpenes and aldehydes when treated at 90 MPa, and possessed more esters at 120 MPa. These results demonstrated that ISMS might offer new opportunities to produce WMJ with excellent qualities at an industrial level.

Study of the Influence of the Technological Regime of the Production of Water Extraction from Rosehip Fruits (<i>Rosae fructus</i>) on the Content of Ascorbic Acid

Introduction. COVID-19 is recognized as the most significant pandemic of the modern era. Studies have shown the potential benefits of taking ascorbic acid in the complex treatment of this disease, especially in people with vitamin C deficiency. One of the most popular and affordable sources of ascorbic acid in the diet are rosehip fruits. The quality of water extracts from plant raw materials depends on a number of technological factors. The study of the influence of the technological regime of the production of water extraction from rosehip fruits on the release of ascorbic acid in the obtained dosage forms is relevant.Aim. To obtain water extracts from rosehip fruits by various production modes and to study the effect of technological parameters on the content of ascorbic acid.Materials and methods. The object of the study was rosehip fruits in bundles and water extracts based on them, obtained in the 6 different ways. Pharmacopoeial techniques, manufacturers' recommendations, as well as thermos infusion with and without preheating of the thermos flask were used. For quantitative determination of the ascorbic acid in the obtained aqueous extracts, we used the pharmacopoeia method (titration with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate sodium).Results and discussion. The lowest content of ascorbic acid was noted in the decoction according to the pharmacopoeia method. High levels of ascorbic acid content were noted in the variants of thermos infusion of rosehip fruits.Conclusion. We have obtained extemporal water extracts of rosehip fruits by the 6 different extraction modes. According to the content of ascorbic acid, the most effective method of obtaining extemporal water extraction of rosehip fruits is a six-hour thermos infusion with preheating of the thermos flask. The largest amount of ascorbic acid is released during a six-hour thermos infusion. In the twelve-hour thermos infusions, a decrease in the amount of ascorbic acid was found. It was found that preheating the thermos flask leads to an increase in the yield of ascorbic acid in aqueous extraction by 25 %.

Facile and improved synthesis of the 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid

2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) provides a source of sustained release of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) upon α-glucosidase activity inside the human body, and is therefore an ingredient of cosmetics, food, and medicinal products. Commercial synthesis of the compound is highly demanded and is attempted from time to time, aimed at improved and commercially viable strategies. We synthesized the AA-2βG in five steps starting from ascorbic acid with a 31.4% overall yield. The synthetic steps do not need column purification except one, and the final product is pure enough to be utilized for application purposes.