Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites Research Articles

Aloe vera gel mediated green synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles and their potential anticancer activity

Metal nanoparticles have a noteworthy future in cancer treatment research because of their smaller size and large active surface area. Though gold, silver, platinum, palladium, copper, zinc, iron and several other metal nanoparticles have been explored for their anticancer potential in different pathways, the main limitation of these particles is their toxicity which may be controlled through their size, surface modification and route of administration. Compared to other metal nanoparticles, ruthenium nanoparticles have high bio compatibility and they exhibit excellent photo-thermal effect. Though there are several reports in the literature on the anticancer potential of ruthenium complexes, ruthenium nanoparticles are not much investigated. In the present work, therefore, an attempt has been made to synthesize ruthenium nanoparticles in an easy and eco-friendly way using Aloe vera gel. Ruthenium chloride was used as a precursor and Aloe vera gel acted both as reducing and capping agent. The synthesized ruthenium nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The analyses confirmed the formation of nano globules of Aloe vera gel of diameter in the range 90–300 nm with ruthenium nanoparticles of average size 1.5 nm embedded in them. The synthesized Ru nanoparticles embedded in the nano globules of Aloe vera gel (ALV RuNPs) were explored for their anticancer potential in the Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DL) cell line using Trypan Blue assay. The results of the assay showed that the ALV RuNPs can induce concentration dependent cytotoxicity in DL cancer cells. Approximately 40 % cytotoxicity was obtained for concentration range 5–50 mg/mL of the sample while negligible cytotoxicity was observed for healthy PBMC cells. Theoretical study indicates significant interaction between the components present in Aloe vera and Ru-nanoparticles. The results showed that ruthenium nanoparticles can emerge as a promising bio-compatible candidate with the ability to selectively target cancer cells while sparing normal cells.

From Ficus recemosa Leaf Galls to Therapeutic Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Anticancer Applications.

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using environmentally friendly methods has become increasingly important due to its sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This study investigates the green synthesis of AgNPs using gall extracts from the plant Ficus recemosa, known for its high phytochemical content. The formation of AgNPs was verified through multiple analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UV-Vis spectroscopy results displayed a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak indicative of AgNP formation. FTIR analysis revealed specific interactions between silver ions and phytochemicals in the gall extract, while TEM images confirmed the nanoscale morphology and size of the synthesized particles. Zeta potential and DLS analyses provided insights into the stability and size distribution of the AgNPs, demonstrating good colloidal stability. Biological properties of the AgNPs were assessed through various assays. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, showing significant inhibitory effects. The anticancer potential was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay on Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells, revealing considerable cytotoxicity. Additionally, antimitotic activity was studied in the dividing root cells of Allium cepa, where the AgNPs significantly inhibited cell division. This research highlights the effective use of F. recemosa gall extracts for the green synthesis of AgNPs, presenting an eco-friendly approach to producing nanoparticles with strong antimicrobial, anticancer, and antimitotic properties. The promising results suggest potential applications of these biogenic AgNPs in medical and agricultural sectors, paving the way for further exploration and utilization.

Low-temperature Co-precipitation Synthesis of ZnAl2O4 Nanophosphors Probing its Luminescent, Antibacterial and Anticancer Potentials.

Metal nanoparticles and their binary oxides are well-known for their interactions with biomolecules and their applications in the biomedical field. However, the potential of ternary oxide nanophosphors remains underexplored in these fields due to challenges associated with high-temperature synthesis procedures and the use of toxic chemicals. ZnAl2O4, a ternary oxide matrix, being recognized for its adjustable wide bandgap, impressive surface properties, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and high quantum yield, is chosen for the present work. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the structural, morphological, optical, and cytotoxic properties of zinc aluminate nano phosphors synthesized through a co-precipitation method followed by low-temperature calcination. Analysis using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the formation of the ZnAl2O4 spinel phase initiates at 300°C and completes at 750°C.SEM-EDAX measurements provided further confirmation of the compositional integrity of the synthesized sample. The average crystallite size, determined to be 11.47nm through a W-H plot, along with a higher bandgap value of 4.49eV compared to bulk ZnAl2O4 from the diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), attests to the success of the nanophosphor synthesis. The self-activated blue luminescent centers of ZnAl2O4 can be fine-tuned to emit light in the green and red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum through appropriate rare earth (RE) doping, utilizing Tb3+ and Eu3+ respectively. Furthermore, the particles underwent short-term in-vitro cytotoxicity testing using Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites cells (DLA) and normal cells, demonstrating high activity against DLA cells while maintaining compatibility with normal cells.

Exploring the anticancer potential of double-active pharmaceutical ingredient, metforminium ibuprofenate: Integrating in vivo and in silico investigations

Rationale: A novel double active pharmaceutical ingredient (d-API), metforminium ibuprofenate (MtHIb) was synthesised by combining metformin hydrochloride (MtHCl) and sodium ibuprofen (NaIb). This formulation exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties similar to its parent compounds, along with a remarkable antiproliferative effect on diverse cancer cells. AimThe present study is aimed to analyse the anticancer potential of MtHIb by mouse tumour model and molecular docking. MethodsSolid tumour was induced by Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells in Swiss albino mice, and d-API was administered orally. The tumour volume was measured using Vernier calliper and the activity of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was assessed. The potential interactions of MtHIb with target proteins mTOR, HER2, EGFR, CDK4, CDK6, ERα/β, progesterone, COX2, BUB1, and KEAP2 were analyzed in silico. ResultsA significant reduction in tumour size was observed in mice treated with MtHIb. On the 30th day, the tumour volume, which was 8.12 cm3 in untreated animals, decreased to 1.311 cm3 with the treatment of 5 mg/kg b.wt of MtHIb, representing an 83.8 % reduction. The activity of GGT, a marker enzyme of proliferative activity, was considerably reduced from 394.87 to 51.26 U/mg protein/L. Molecular docking studies indicated that MtHIb exhibited strong binding affinity towards all the screened target proteins, specifically HER2, EGFR, CDK4, and BUB1. DiscussionThe findings suggest that MtHIb has promising anti-tumour effect, as evidenced by its significant reduction in tumour size and GGT activity in mice. The strong binding affinity of MtHIb towards the key cancer related proteins further supports its potential as a therapeutic agent against cancer, particularly in targeting pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to validate these findings and to explore the full therapeutic potential of MtHIb in cancer treatment.

Cordyceps militaris: A Comprehensive Study on Laboratory Cultivation and Anticancer Potential in Dalton's Ascites Lymphoma Tumor Model.

Cancer, a predominant cause of mortality, poses a formidable challenge in our pursuit of elevating life expectancy. Throughout history, individuals have sought natural remedies with minimal side effects as an appealing substitute for chemotherapeutic drugs. One such remedy is Cordyceps militaris, a renowned medicinal mushroom deeply entrenched in Asian ethnomedicine. Revered for its rejuvenating and curative attributes, it relied upon for ages. The mushroom's soaring demand outpaced natural availability, necessitating controlled laboratory cultivation as the core focus and exploring the potential of methanolic extracts from harvested Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies against Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells in vitro, with a specific emphasis on its anticancer traits. For cultivation, we employed a diverse range of rice substrates, among which bora rice showed promising growth of C. militaris fruiting bodies. To assess DLA cell cytotoxicity, several assays, including trypan blue exclusion assay, MTT assay, and LDH assay, were employed at different time points (24-96 h), which provided valuable insights on DLA cell viability and proliferation, shedding light on its therapeutic potential against cancer. Our studies unveiled that methanolic extract prompts apoptosis in DLA cells via AO/EB dual staining, manifesting consistent apoptosis indicators such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclei fragmentation, and cellular shrinkage at 48-96 h of treatment. Furthermore, these striking repercussions of apoptosis were comprehended by an in silico approach having molecular docking simulation against antiapoptotic proteins like BCL-2, BCL-XL, MCL-1, BFL-1 & HSP100. Methanolic C. militaris extracts exhibited cytotoxicity and apoptotic alterations in DLA cells.

Ethnozoological importance of Eisenia fetida and experimental validation of its anticancer activity in ascites Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) bearing mice

Eisenia fetida, commonly known as the red earthworm, holds significant ethnozoological importance due to its traditional use in various cultures as a medicinal agent. This study aims to explore the potential anticancer effects of Eisenia fetida paste (EFP) and evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in mice with ascites Dalton's lymphoma (DL). The EFP extract demonstrated a significant antitumour effect, possibly by initiating programmed cell death and mitochondrial changes in the tumour cells. The viability of tumour cells exhibited a reduction over time due to EFP treatment. Comparative analysis with the reference drug cisplatin revealed that EFP exhibited fewer or no adverse effects on mutagenicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in tumour-bearing hosts. EFP treatment was found to show progressive increase in the quantity of apoptotic DL cells over time suggesting a time-dependent impact on the induction of apoptosis in the treated groups. These results imply that EFP might serve as a safer substitute for cancer treatment and hold promise for developing new and improved therapeutic strategies against cancer. The main implication of the study is that EFP might serve as a safer substitute for cancer treatment. It suggests a promising avenue for developing new and improved therapeutic strategies against cancer, with the potential to enhance treatment outcomes while minimising adverse effects.Graphical abstract

Evaluation of Antitumor Activity of Sivanar Amirtham – A Herbomineral Formulation belonging to Indian Traditional System of Medicine using Dalton's Ascites Lymphoma in Mice

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the antitumor activity (ATA) of traditional herbal preparation Sivanar Amirtham (SA) on Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites. Siddha medicine system (SMS) is a traditional system of medicine originated from ancient Tamilakam of South India. Siddha medicine is a traditional healing system from Tamilakam in ancient South India. For our purpose, we have performed acute toxicity (AT) study as per OECD guidelines 423 and ATA by xenograft method. In this study, a single dose of 300, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of Sivanar Amirtham suspension (SAS) was orally (p.o.) administered in mice and animals were observed for 14 days. For antitumor study (ATS), we have used DAL cells which were intraperitoneally (i.p.) inoculateded into mouse. The ATAs were studied by monitoring the parameters such as cell growth inhibitors, tumor weight measurements, mean survival time of DAL bearing mice as well as changes in depleted haematological and biochemical parameters due to tumorigenesis. The SAS was also evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity study in different concentration and the viability of cells was determined by exclusion method of trypan blue dye (TBD). The AT study showed no signs of toxicity and no mortality after single administration of SAS. SAS caused significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) (value), Tm volume (value) and viable cell count (value), and it prolonged the life span of DAL Tm carrying mice. Haematological and biochemical profiles were reverted to normal levels in SAS treated mice. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity show that SAS showed significant ATA in mice with moderate DAL levels. The IC50 value turned into discovered to be 800 μg/ml from the in vitro cytotoxicity examine. The study strongly suggests that SAS has the potential to be an antitumor medication against DAL cells induced Tm and it can be extrapolated for further cancer (CA) prevention applications.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from marine bacteria and evaluation of antimicrobial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects

BackgroundMarine bacteria, a relatively untapped resource, have shown potential for synthesizing nanoparticles with distinct properties. MethodsThe AgNPs were synthesized by using the marine bacteria Planococcus maritimus MBP-2 as a reducing and capping agent. The nanoparticles produced were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM and FTIR. The Planococcus maritimus MBP-2 synthesized AgNPs adhered antibacterial activity against selected both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and antifungal such Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium commune and Penicillium digitatum. and the cytotoxic effect of Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cell lines. ResultsThe formation of AgNPs by bacteria was confirmed visually by a shift in color of the solution and the presence of UV-absorption maxima at 440 nm. The TEM images revealed spherical and cubic structures, with an average size of 24.9 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of some functional groups by showing peaks at 3330 and 1636 cm−1. The AgNPs exhibited minimal antibacterial activity except P. aeruginosa. (11 mm). Whereas, inhibiting the growth of the fungi belonging to genus Aspergillus than to Penicillium. Also, in vitro cytotoxicity of AgNPs was evaluated using Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cell lines. The percentage of cell death was maximum (95.4 ± 2.16) at 20 µg/mL, indicating an excellent cytotoxic efficiency of AgNPs against DLA cells from the peritoneal cavity of the tumor-bearing mouse. ConclusionThis study suggests that Planococcus maritimus MBP-2 bacteria-mediated AgNPs can effectively be used as a potential biomedical agent.

Synthesis and characterisation of copper acetate mediated oxidative coupled product of naturally occurring hydroxy benzoquinone, embelin and its in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic studies in Dalton Lymphoma ascites tumour cells

Embelin is an active phytoconstituent known to exhibit a variety of biological activities, especially active against various cancer and tumour cell lines. In the present work, embelin was extracted and isolated from Embelia ribes and was structurally modified by incorporating different fluoro substituted aniline in the quinone motif with a view of enhancing the biological activity. The synthesis was carried out in presence of copper acetate catalyst in a protic solvent, glacial acetic acid to obtain EDFA, ETFA and EOCF and were characterised by various spectral techniques. Embelin and its derivatives were then subjected to in vitro studies in DLA cell lines. Antiangeogenic activities were tested using CAM assay. EOCF was identified as the most active derivative and hence subjected to in vivo studies in tumour induced albino mice. The activity was compared with currently used anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide. The study revealed that EOCF was effective in inhibiting tumour growth.

Methanolic Extract of Mallotus roxburghianus Muell. Exhibit Anti-Cancer Activity against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) bearing Mice via Alterations of Apoptotic Genes E xpression and Redox-Homeostasis

Methanolic Extract of Mallotus roxburghianus Muell. Exhibit Anti-Cancer Activity against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) bearing Mice via Alterations of Apoptotic Genes E xpression and Redox-Homeostasis

A novel approach for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the defensive gland extracts of the beetle, Luprops tristis Fabricius

Discovering novel natural resources for the biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles is one of the two key challenges facing by the field of nanoparticle synthesis. The second challenge is a lack of information on the chemical components needed for the biological synthesis and the chemical mechanism involved in the metal nanoparticles synthesis. In the current study, microwave-assisted silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis employing the defensive gland extract of Mupli beetle, Luprops tristis Fabricius (Order: Coleoptera; Family: Tenebrionidae), addresses these two challenges. This study was conducted without killing the experimental insect. Earlier studies in our laboratory showed the presence of the phenolic compounds, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, and 2,5-dimethylhydroquinone in the defensive gland extract of L. tristis. The results of the current study show that the phenolic compounds in the defensive gland extract of the beetle has the ability to reduce silver ions into AgNPs and also acts as a good capping and stabilizing agent. A possible mechanism for the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) into AgNPs is suggested. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HR-TEM) techniques. The stability of biologically synthesized nanoparticles was studied by zeta potential analysis. The TEM analysis confirmed that AgNPs are well dispersed and almost round shaped. The average size of nanoparticle ranges from 10 to 20 nm. EDX analysis showed that silver is the prominent metal present in the nanomaterial solution. The AgNPs synthesized have antibacterial property against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Radical scavenging (DPPH) assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the AgNPs. AgNPs exhibited anticancer activity in a cytotoxicity experiment against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell line.

Analysis of Cytotoxic and Antitumor Potential of Passiflora quadrangularis

ABSTRACT The cytotoxicity of ethanolic extract of Passiflora quadrangularis (PQ) leaves was analyzed on cancer cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antitumor effect was analyzed on mouse solid and ascites tumor models. The phytochemical profile of the extract was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and flow cytometry. PQ exhibited cytotoxicity on Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma cells with IC50 of 9.4 and 9.2 μg mL−1 and anti-proliferative effect on breast (MCF7) and colorectal (HCT116) cancer cell lines with IC50 of 166.5 and 107.09 μg mL−1, respectively. The extract did not show toxicity in normal rat intestinal cells IEC6 and murine macrophage cells RAW264.7. In ascites tumor model, the mean survival days of the animals increased to 25 ± 4.30 d in the treated group compared to untreated (21.2 ± 2.68 d). In DLA-induced solid model, the tumor weight decreased to 1.6 ± 0.9 g from 4.5 ± 0.58 g by treatment with 400 mg kg−1 b.w. extract. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of genistein, kaempferol, isovitexin, and quercetin that are known for anticancer potential. The acute toxicity in mice revealed that PQ is nontoxic. FRET and flow cytometry analysis indicated an induction of apoptosis in PQ-treated cells

Umbelliferone loaded PEGylated liposomes: preparation, characterization and its mitigatory effects on Dalton's ascites lymphoma development.

Umbelliferone (UB) is a phenylpropanoid-based pharmacologically active agent with promising anti-tumor activities. However, complete elucidation of its therapeutic efficacy remains challenging due to low solubility and bioavailability. The present study aimed to develop a liposomal delivery system for UB to enhance its therapeutic efficacy against Dalton's ascites lymphoma tumor model. Umbelliferone-encapsulated nanoliposomes (nLUB) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and performed a series of characterizations to confirm successful development. The nLUB showed a particle size of 116 ± 3.2nm with a negative surface charge and encapsulation efficiency of 78%. In vitro study results showed that nLUB treatment significantly enhanced cellular uptake and apoptosis induction in lymphoma cells compared to free UB. nLUB treatment significantly stabilized body weight, reduced tumor growth, and improved the serum biochemical and hematological parameters of experimental animals, thereby improving their overall survivability compared to an free UB. Our result indicates that nanoencapsulation enhanced the therapeutic potential of UB, which may find its way to clinical application in the near future.

Protective effect of aqueous extract of Pleurotus eous against Dalton's lymphoma ascites tumor in mice

The antitumor efficacy of Pleurotus eous aqueous extract (PEAE) was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The MTT test was used to determine in vitro cytotoxicity against the Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cell line. PEAE's in vivo antitumor effect was compared to that of the conventional drug cyclophosphamide in a DLA-induced solid tumor model. After 24 h following DLA inoculation, experimental animals were given PEAE (500 and 1000 mg/kg bw) and cyclophosphamide (CTX, 25 mg/kg bw) orally for 30 days. PEAE was also subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening as part of the research. PEAE has a high total phenolic (9.63 GAE mg/g) and total flavonoid (3.81 CAE mg/g) content, according to phytochemical analyses. The phytochemical components of PEAE were identified by HPTLC analysis, which revealed three phenolic and one flavonoid compound peaks. PEAE exhibited antioxidant capacity, as per ABTS and FRAP assays. At 1000 μg/mL, anti-proliferative activity against the DLA cell line was moderately inhibited. PEAE reduced tumor burden in a dose-dependent way. At 500 and 1000 mg/mL PEAE treatment, there was a significant decrease in tumor volume (62.47 and 72.13%), tumor weight (53.32 and 73.72%), and improved longevity (30.89 and 58.14%). PEAE restored normal haematological and serum biochemical profiles in a dose-dependent manner, with a concurrent decrease in lipid peroxides and an increase in enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants. Major chemical components of PEAE may be responsible for the anticancer effect, which was attributed to its enhancing endogenous mechanism, according to this study. The usefulness of PEAE as a possible naturally sourced therapeutic target for tumor prevention is emphasised.

Analysis of anticancer potential of Kingiodendron pinnatum (DC.) Harms

BackgroundThe plant Kingiodendron pinnatum (DC.) Harms, belonging to the family Fabaceae is endemic to the Western Ghats of India and is commonly used for various ailments, especially by the tribes. K. pinnatum is occasionally used as a substitute for Saraca asoca in Asokarishta, a well-known uterine tonic in Ayurveda. Recent studies revealed a pharmacological similarity between the plants. S. asoca is reported to have anti-cancer properties, but there are no reports on K. pinnatum except for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, the study is aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of the plant.MethodsCytotoxicity of methanolic bark extract of the plant was analysed on different cancer cell lines by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell-induced solid and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell-induced ascites tumour models in mice were used to study the antitumor potential. Phytochemical screening of the extract was also performed.ResultsThe extract was found cytotoxic to DLA, EAC, HCT15, MDA-MB-231, T47D and PC3 with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 50.09, 74.74, 67.02, 119.22, 149.04 and 194.5 μg/mL, respectively. In the solid tumour model, a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in tumour weight of 0.7 ± 0.15 g was observed in 500 mg/kg b.wt. extract treated group compared to the control group (3.6 ± 0.24 g) by oral administration for 30 days. In the ascites tumour model, a high survival rate of 28.2 ± 8.72 days (P < 0.01) was found by the extract treatment compared to the control animals. Phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, saponins, tannins, steroids and terpenoids were detected in the extract.ConclusionResults obtained by the cytotoxic and anti-tumour studies revealed the anticancer potential of K. pinnatum. The plant exhibits more cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines of the reproductive system such as the breast and prostate.

Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of novel isatin hybrids as potential anticancer agents

A novel series of isatin hybrids 5a-g was designed, synthesized, and characterized spectroscopically. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by in vitro MTT assay. Amongst the tested compounds, 5e compound bearing benzyl moiety at N4 piperazine was found to be the most active with the promising IC50 (12.47 µM). Moreover, the active compounds 5e and 5g were subjected to antitumor evaluation (in vivo) against Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma (DAL) cell line and the results suggested that the best active compound 5e can normalize the blood picture in comparison to the standard drug. An in silico molecular docking study using the crystal structure of Hsp90 protein described the role of significant protein–ligand interactions and revealed more insights into the binding mode. The drug-likeliness of the compounds was predicted based on Lipinski's rule of five and pharmacokinetic ADME parameters. Hence, the synthesized isatin hybrids could be novel starting point anticancer lead compounds demonstrating drug-like properties which can be explored further for anticancer drug discovery.

Anti-Tumor Potential of Gymnema sylvestre Saponin Rich Fraction on In Vitro Breast Cancer Cell Lines and In Vivo Tumor-Bearing Mouse Models.

Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is a perennial woody vine native to tropical Asia, China, the Arabian Peninsula, Africa and Australia. GS has been used as a medicinal plant with potential anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. This study was conceptualized to evaluate the cytotoxicity potential of Gymnema sylvestre saponin rich fraction (GSSRF) on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) by SRB assay. The anti-tumor activity of GSSRF was assessed in tumor-bearing Elrich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) mouse models. The anti-oxidant potential of GSSRF was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The acute toxicity of GSSRF was carried out according to OECD guideline 425. The yield of GSSRF was around 1.4% and the presence of saponin content in GSSRF was confirmed by qualitative and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of GSSRF on breast cancer cell lines were promising and found to be dose-dependent. An acute toxicity study of GSSRF was found to be safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. GSSRF treatment has shown a significant increase in the body weight and the life span of EAC-bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control group. In the solid tumor model, the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight per day have shown about 46.70% and 60.80% reduction in tumor weight and controlled the tumor weight until the 30th day when compared with the control group. The activity of GSSRF in both models was similar to the cisplatin, a standard anticancer agent used in the study. Together, these results open the door for detailed investigations of anti-tumor potentials of GSSRF in specific tumor models, mechanistic studies and clinical trials leading to promising novel therapeutics for cancer therapy.

Antioxidant potential of Drosera peltata in Dalton Ascites Lymphoma (DAL) bearing mice

Cancer is one of the prominent causes of death reported by World Health Organization (WHO). The purpose of this study was to measure the antioxidant status of animals treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of ethanol and aqueous extract of Drosera peltata on Dalton Ascites Lymphoma (DAL) inoculated mice. A total of 70 mice were divided into 7 groups, each group with ten mice. The first group (negative control) received normal food and water for 14 days and was kept under normal conditions. The second group also received normal food and water for 14 days, which was used as a cancer (positive) control. The third group received 5-fluorouracil (20 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 14 days. The fourth and fifth group animals received 250 and 500 mg/kg of ethanol extracts of D. peltata (EEDP) whereas the sixth and seventh groups of mice received 250 and 500 mg/kg of aqueous extracts of D. peltata (AEDP), orally for 14 days. All the groups were inoculated with DAL (2 × 106 cells/mouse, i.p.) except group I, 24 hours before the commencement of the drug treatment. After the completion of treatment, blood was drawn retro-orbitally and the animals were sacrificed to isolate the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain for observing tissue antioxidant status. The parameters analyzed were total protein (TP), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (P), and glutathione (GSH) from the tissues apart, and the protein carbonyl content (PCC) also measured from the blood sample. Treatment with EEDP and AEDP significantly lowered the MDA levels from 23 to 10 mmol/ml in the blood, whereas from 28 to 4 nm/g in tissue isolates of the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. It also raised the TP, GSH, SOD, CAT, and P levels in the blood and in the tissue samples of the cancer cell line inoculated animals, where their levels were close to those observed in control (negative) group animals. The results proposed that both extracts of D. peltata ameliorated various tissue antioxidant levels in mice with DAL cancer lines comparable to the negative control.

Anticancer Activity of the Bioactive Extract of the Morel Mushroom (Morchella elata, Ascomycetes) from Kashmir Himalaya (India) and Identification of Major Bioactive Compounds.

Morel mushrooms, Morchella species are highly nutritional, excellently edible and medicinal. Anticancer activity of M. elata, growing in forests of Kashmir Himalaya was studied. Ethyl acetate extract of fruiting bodies of M. elata (MEAE) was evaluated for cytotoxicity by MTT assay using Daltons lymphoma ascites (DLA), human colon cancer (HCT-116) and normal cell lines. Anti-carcinogenic and antiangiogenic activities of MEAE were tested using mouse models. Proapoptotic activity was detected by double staining of acridine orange-ethidium bromide assay. MEAE was partially purified by column chromatography and the bioactive compounds were identified by LC-MS analysis. The bioactive extract of M. elata showed significant cytotoxicic activity against DLA (P < 0.05), HCT-116 cell lines (P < 0.05) and did not possess appreciable adverse effect on the viability of normal cells. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, 60% cell death was observed in HCT-116 cell line while 80% cell death was found in DLA cell line. The extract also possessed profound anticarcinogenic, antiangiogenic and proapoptotic activities. LC-MS analysis showed celastrol (RT 9.504, C29H38O4, MW 450.27), convallatoxin (RT 9.60, C29H42O10, MW 550.27), cucurbitacin A (RT 11.97, C32H46O9, MW 574.71) and madecassic acid (RT 14.35, C30H48O6, MW 504.70) as the major bioactive components. Current experimental studies indicated that bioactive extract of M. elata possessed significant anticancer activity. Being an excellently edible mushroom, the potential therapeutic use of M. elata and its bioactive extract in complementary therapy of cancer is envisaged.

In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Potential of Pittosporum dasycaulon Leaves extract Against the Human Liver and Lymphoma Cancer

Cancers are the uncontrolled growth of cells or tumors, and it is one of the leading causes of death all over the world. Currently, available synthetic drugs such as cisplatin, doxorubicin and fluorouracil are reported to have notable side effects in living tissues (skin irritations, dry and cracked skin, and mouth sores). So researchers are scrutinizing for alternative medications to overcome these side effects. Plants are one of the vital sources of alternative medicines with less toxicity and may overcome these side-effects of synthetic drugs. The study evaluated cytotoxicity and antioxidant potential on methanolic and aqueous extract of Pittosporum dasycaulon leaves. In the present study of cytotoxicity, the selected extracts were screened against two cancer cell lines (human liver cancer cells and Lymph cancer cell-Dalton's lymphoma ascites ascites). Two normal cells, intestinal epithelial-6, and Rat spleen were used to test cytotoxicity by using the trypan blue exclusion method and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The antiradical activity was also evaluated with its half maximal inhibitory concentration. The content of total phenolic, flavonoid and saponins was also estimated. The present study displayed leaves methanolic extract found to have a significant rate of cell death against cancer cell lines (Dalton's lymphoma ascites and human liver cancer cells) with lethal concentration 50 values ranging from 8.21±0.3 to 55.65±0.11 μg/ml. However, the same extract had very less cytotoxicity even in higher doses against non- cancerous intestinal cell lines (intestinal epithelial-6) and rat spleen cell lines ranging from 389.50±0.6 to 1800.00±0.1 μg/ml. The quantitative analysis of leaf methanolic extract showed a high level of saponins and phenolic compounds. Therefore, leaves of Pittosporum dasycaulon Miq are a promising candidate for natural antioxidant as well as anticancer components. Hence, further extensive study urges to evaluate the mechanism as well as to investigate of individual components responsible for cytotoxicity and antiradical potential.