Arunachal Research Articles

Yield Gap Analysis and Impact Assessment of Ginger in Arunachal Pradesh, India

The ginger is a prominent crop in Arunachal Pradesh. Beside the good climatic conditions, farmers are not getting proper income due to old variety and unscientific cultivation practices. Keeping in views the things, Krishi Vigyan Tirap (KVK) conducted a demonstration on ginger (variety: Nadia) at selected villages in Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh during 2021-22 and 2022-23 respectively. Before demonstration a field survey was carried out to know the ground reality farmer’s practice of ginger. During first years of demonstration the total 15 numbers of plots were demonstrated having per plot size of 0.20 ha 0,20 ha while 20 plots were second years with same size of plots. The demonstration yield was recorded as 118 q/ha & 142 as compared 99 & 108 q/ha respectively. The B:C ratio was 5.68 & 7.01 as compared 3.27 & 3.66.

Yield Gap and Impact Analysis of Rice Variety CAU R-1 in Different Location of Leparada District of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Front Line Demonstration on rice variety CAU R-1 was conducted in the Leparada District of Arunachal Pradesh in the year of 2019 to 2022 by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, West Siang during the Kharif season. The demonstration was conducted in 40 farmers’ field covering 18 hectares of area. The study was conducted for Grain yield, Yield gap, Technological gap, Extension gap, Economic gains and Technology Index. The demonstration showed that the average grain yield was lowest in 2019 (43.00 q/ha) and highest in 2022 (46.50 q/ha). The average grain yield of farmers’ practice was lowest with 30.00 q/ha in 2019 and highest in 2022 with 34.86 ql/ha. Percentage of increased yield of the demonstration over the farmers’ practice ranges from 33.30% to 43.30%. In case of Technological gap/yield gap, extension gap and technological index the value decreased from 2019 to 2022 with the value of 27.00 to 23.50 (Technological gap/yield gap), 13.00 to 11.64 (extension gap) and 38.60% to 33.60 % (technological index). In term of economic study, the benefit cost ratio of the demonstration ranges from 1.72:1 (2019) to 1.76:1 (2022) whereas the farmers’ practice benefit cost ratio ranges from 1.16:1 (2019) to 1.28:1 (2022). The yield potential of rice can be increased to a great extent by using high yielding varieties with improved technologies through front line demonstration. Accordingly, the production and the productivity of rice will be increased resulting in sustainable and profitable farming at the same time reducing the technology gaps.

Yield Gap Analysis and Impact Assessment of Broccoli in Tirap District of Arunachal Pradesh, India

A frontline demonstration (FLD) on broccoli was carried out during 2021-22 and 2022-23 respectively by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh at farmer’s field. The improved variety- Solan Green head was demonstrated with full package of practices. The FLD plots was recorded 146 & 167 q/ha yield as compared to 97 & 126 q/ha respectively under farmer’s practice. The technology gap was 34 & 13 q/ha, extension gap was 49 & 41 q/ha and technology index was 18 & 7 respectively, during the both the years of study. Similarly, the net income (Rs.34700 and 408000) and B:C ratio (3.81 and 4.38) was also higher under FLD as compared farmer’s practice (Rs.215000 and 294000, 2.82 and 3.50) due to implementation of improved production technologies.

Habitat Inventory, Diversity and Structural Modification of Hill-Stream Fishes of Noa Dihing River, Eastern Himalayan Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

Habitat Inventory, Diversity and Structural Modification of Hill-Stream Fishes of Noa Dihing River, Eastern Himalayan Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

The Pangsau Pass: Historical, Cultural, And Geopolitical Dimensions Of Border Construction Between Arunachal Pradesh And Myanmar

The Pangsau Pass, straddling the border between Arunachal Pradesh (India) and Myanmar, has historically functioned as a critical node for trade, cultural exchange, and geopolitical strategies. This paper delves into the pass’s historical importance, its role in cultural interactions, and the political dynamics that have shaped its significance. The study explores the pass's use as a trade route and cultural conduit prior to and following British colonial interventions. It further examines the impacts of colonial policies, including the Treaty of Yandabo and the Simla Convention, on regional socio-cultural landscapes. Additionally, the paper addresses the effects of modern border management and infrastructure developments, highlighting the resilience of indigenous communities and the continuing relevance of historical routes in current geopolitical contexts.

Influence of Intensity of Pruning on Yield and Physico-Chemical

Khasi Mandarin orange is well suited in Arunachal Pradesh as well entire north eastern states of India. Besides the ample rainfall and good shun shine received in Arunachal Pradesh; its productivity is too low as compared national average. The negligence of orchards without proper management practices is the major cause of low productivity. In this regard canopy management play vital role for good yield. The requirement of pruning varies with species therefore, the present experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of pruning intensity on the yield and quality of Khasi mandarin fruit. The highest No. of fruits (245), and highest yield (12.24 T/ha) with T4-( Removal of dried & diseased branches, thin shoots, water sprouts and selected laterals) while, highest average fruit weight (130 g), maximum fruit diameter (6.2 cm), maximum fruit length (5.6 cm) were noticed with T5-(T4+ Removal of selected leaders and formation of open centre canopy) and it was also observed lowest No of fruits, size and yield were recorded in control. Therefore, It is concluded from the result that T4 (Removal of dried & diseased branches, thin shoots, water sprouts and selected laterals) is best practice of higher yield but T5 (T4+ Removal of selected leaders and formation of open centre canopy) is best practice for little lower yield than T4 but for good market quality fruits.

Study on Brinjal’s Demonstration in Arunachal Pradesh, India

The twenty numbers of frontline Demonstrations on Integrated Crop Management practices in Brinjal were demonstrated in selected villages of Tirap district, Arunachal Pradesh during Rabi season, 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. Before conducting the demonstration; field level surveys were conducted in selected villages to know the farmer’s practices. As per result of survey; there was huge gap between scientific practices and farmer’s practices. On the basis of surveys, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh conducted the demonstrations. During the both years the extension gap was recorded in the demonstration plot as 40 & 59 q/ha respectively while the yield were as: 238 & 246 q/ha, Benefit: Cost Ratio ratios were 3.63 & 3.54 as compared control (198 & 187 q/ha and 2.37 & 2.12 respectively).

A realist evaluation of the implementation of a national tobacco control program and policy in India.

There is a growing interest in studying and unpacking implementation of policies and programmes as it provides an opportunity to reduce the policy translation time lag taken for research findings to translate to policies and get implemented and understand why policies may fail. Realist evaluation is a theory-driven approach that embraces complexity and helps to identify the mechanisms generating the observed policy outcomes in given context. We aimed to study facilitators and barriers while implementing the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003 (COTPA) a comprehensive national tobacco control policy, and the National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP), 2008 using realist evaluation. We developed an initial program theory (IPT) based on a realist literature review of tobacco control policies in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Three diverse states -Kerala, West Bengal, and Arunachal Pradesh- with varying degree of implementation of tobacco control law and program were chosen as case studies. Within the three selected states, we conducted in-depth interviews with 48 state and district-level stakeholders and undertook non-participant observations to refine the IPT. Following this, we organized two regional consultations covering stakeholders from 20 Indian states for a second iteration to further refine the program theory. A total of 300 Intervention-Context-Actor-Mechanism-Outcome (ICAMO) configurations were developed from the interview data, which were later synthesized into state-specific narrative program theories for Kerala, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. We identified five mechanisms: collective action, felt accountability, individual motivation, fear, and prioritization that were (or were not) triggered leading to diverse implementation outcomes. We identified facilitators and barriers to implementing the COTPA and the NTCP, which have important research and practical implications for furthering the implementation of these policies as well as implementation research in India. In the future, researchers could build on the refined program theory proposed in this study to develop a middle-range theory to explain tobacco control policy implementation in India and other LMICs.

Effect of Organic Sources of Nutrition on Cabbage Production in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Effect of Organic Sources of Nutrition on Cabbage Production in Arunachal Pradesh, India

Land suitability and human adaptation: River Siang from Sangam to Pongging, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Land suitability in mountainous regions profoundly influences human adaptation strategies, particularly in environments shaped by morphometric characteristics. This study focuses on the Siang river valley from Sangam to Pongging, Arunachal Pradesh, India, employing Land Suitability Analysis (LSA) to assess terrain viability for settlement, and orchard cultivation. Key determinants such as topographic features, drainage morphometry, and infrastructural accessibility were analyzed to develop thematic maps delineating optimal zones for different land uses. The research underscores how geomorphic attributes and accessibility influence settlement patterns and orchard suitability, with lower elevations proving favorable for settlements and orchards due to accessible topography and climatic conditions. By integrating spatial analysis techniques and assessing variables like elevation, slope, and proximity to infrastructure by euclidian distance and pareto principle (80/20 rule), this research provides a comprehensive framework for informed land use planning. Strategic planning recommendations emphasize sustainable practices and community engagement to balance development needs with environmental preservation in Arunachal Pradesh's rugged terrain. It advocates for collaborative efforts between stakeholders to optimize land utilization and foster resilient development amidst challenging environmental conditions. This initial attempt aims to raise awareness among land users, planners, research workers, and administrators to ensure proper and effective land management.

Does tour quality impact tourist satisfaction? Experiences from Arunachal Pradesh, India

PurposeThis study addresses a critical aspect of tourism in Arunachal Pradesh, India, by investigating how tour quality impacts on tourist satisfaction of domestic tourists. As one of the least explored regions of the country, Arunachal Pradesh holds immense tourism potential. Understanding the factors that contribute to tourist satisfaction, particularly the role of tour quality, is of paramount importance for enhancing the region's appeal as a sought-after travel destination.Design/methodology/approachThe study was operationalized using survey questionnaires from domestic tourists (n = 200) visiting Ziro Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India. A convenient sampling method was adopted for the study. Ordinary least square structural equation modeling (OLS-SEM) was used to measure the relationships.FindingsThe findings show that tourist expectations and tourist motivation influence tour quality and consequently impact the overall satisfaction of tourists.Practical implicationsThis study extended the existing literature on tourist satisfaction in the domain of travel and tour by demonstrating the significance of tourist expectations and motivations on tour quality and tourist satisfaction. The findings offer insights for stakeholders seeking to enhance destinations' image, tour quality and overall tourist satisfaction.Originality/valueThis paper provides original contributions to the field of tourism by examining the effect of tour quality on tourist satisfaction. It integrates the factors, namely tourist expectations and motivations, into the analysis, offering insights into delivering customized tour experiences that meet tourists' needs.

Representation and Analysis of Kinship, Based on the Naming Pattern

In this study, we develop a graph-theoretic network model for genealogical data. It is based on the naming system used by the Galo tribe in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. P-graphs are used to visually represent the genealogy. According to the analysis of the network on social network metrics, the genealogical network is a sparsely connected, scale-free network with an average path length of 11.615 and a graph density of 0.002. Only a small portion of its nodes have high centrality values. The network has three communities, twenty authority nodes, two hub nodes, and observed no relinking marriages.

New distributional record of Henckelia monantha (Gesneriaceae) from India

Henckelia monantha only known from China so far is newly recorded for the Flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh. The species is close to Henckelia briggsioides but can be differentiated by its size of the calyx tube as well as the presence and absence of ovary indumentum. Detailed description of H. monantha, live plant photographs and ecology are presented here.

Enhancing Weak Soil Strength in an Eco-friendly and Sustainable Manner: Reusing Waste from Indigenous Bamboo Dwellings in Arunachal Pradesh

Enhancing Weak Soil Strength in an Eco-friendly and Sustainable Manner: Reusing Waste from Indigenous Bamboo Dwellings in Arunachal Pradesh

Comprehensive assessment of Zingiber sianginensis: Phytometabolomic analysis and its impact on oxidative stress biomarkers

In India, ginger is highly valued for cultural and medicinal purposes. Besides traditional uses, ginger has been proven for its efficacy in cancer, chemotherapy-induced nausea, bacterial infections, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. This study focuses on Zingiber sianginensis, a rare ginger species in the Siang region of Arunachal Pradesh, India. This study studied pharmacognostical evaluation, phytometabolomics analysis, and its effect on oxidative stress biomarkers. Microscopic and chemical tests were employed for pharmacognostical evaluation, revealing distinctive characteristics of Zingiber sianginensis, such as non-close collateral vascular bundles and unique cork layers. Chemical tests, including the phloroglucinol and hydrochloric acid test, differentiated Zingiber sianginensis from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Phytometabolomics analysis, using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionisation-Quadrupole Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) techniques, identified a diverse range of metabolites in Zingiber sianginensis, including polyphenols, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and organic compounds. The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed 158 compounds, verified through cross-referencing with established databases. Heavy metal analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) confirmed that Zingiber sianginensis complies with safety standards, showing concentrations of heavy metals within acceptable limits. The isolation and characterization of compounds from Zingiber sianginensis identified natural products such as (R)-(-)- alpha-Curcumene (1), 1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione (2), 6-Shogaol (3), and 6-Gingerol (4). Quantification of 6-gingerol revealed that Zingiber sianginensis contains approximately twice the amount compared to Zingiber officinale Roscoe's, suggesting its potential as a source for higher 6-gingerol content. The hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber sianginensis exhibited antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress biomarkers in human dermal fibroblast cells treated with rotenone. Allantoin and 3-bromotyrosine levels significantly decreased, indicating the extract's potential in combating oxidative stress-related disorders. Overall, this comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the pharmacognostical, phytometabolomic, and safety aspects of Zingiber sianginensis, highlighting its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with health benefits.

Multifractal characterization of meteorological to agricultural drought propagation over India

Agricultural drought affects the regional food security and thus understanding how meteorological drought propagates to agricultural drought is crucial. This study examines the temporal scaling trends of meteorological and agricultural drought data over 34 Indian meteorological sub-divisions from 1981 to 2020. A maximum Pearson's correlation coefficient (MPCC) derived between multiscale Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and monthly Standardised Soil Moisture Index (SSMI) time series was used to assess the seasonal as well as annual drought propagation time (DPT). The multifractal characteristics of the SPI time series at a time scale chosen from propagation analysis as well as the SSMI-1 time series were further examined using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA). Results reveal longer average annual DPT in arid and semi-arid regions like Saurashtra and Kutch (~ 6 months), Madhya Maharashtra (~ 5 months), and Western Rajasthan (~ 6 months), whereas, humid regions like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya, and Kerala exhibit shorter DPT (~ 2 months). The Hurst Index values greater/less than 0.5 indicates the existence of long/short-term persistence (LTP/STP) in the SPI and SSMI time series. The results of our study highlights the inherent connection among drought propagation time, multifractality, and regional climate variations, and offers insights to enhance drought prediction systems in India.

Intercropping of African Marigold with Tomato for Better Productivity, Pest Control and Economic Returns in Arunachal Pradesh, India

The present study highlights about intercropping of African marigold with tomato for better productivity, pest control and economic returns in Arunachal Pradesh, India. This study was carried out during Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively in Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh to find out the best line combination of marigold with tomato. Total three treatments were planted with three replications under Randomized block design. T1 recorded minimum infestation of tomato fruit borer (5.47 %), maximum fruit yield (16.32 t/ha), maximum net return (Rs. 1,53,000), Best B:C ratio (3:1) while T3/control recorded least (18.32%, 14.27 t/ha, rs.1,17,780 and 2:43 respectively). It can be suggested to farmers of Arunachal Pradesh that marigold can be used as a trap crop in tomato farming for better production, yield and economics.

Rice-fish coculture: Enhancing resource management and food security

Rice-fish coculture is an age-old nature-based practice that effectively utilizes land and water resources and promises to be a viable alternative to rice monoculture for sustainable joint production of rice and fish with socioeconomic and ecological advantages in rural areas. However, qualitative and quantitative studies on such practices to evaluate their socioeconomic vulnerability based on primary data of farmers' opinions are sparse. In this study, we attempted to identify the factors responsible for the success and lapses in rice-fish coculture in five villages of Ziro Valley in the lower Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh. We conducted an exhaustive field survey to collect primary data through questionnaires survey, focus group discussions, and interviews. Then, we analyzed the data by applying artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to identify the stresses and recommend guidelines to improve farmers' management and decision-making for sustainable rice-fish coculture. The results of the general linear regression, considering fifteen variables, Akaike information criterion, and the decision tree on three important responses of the farmers indicate that the the current practice of rice-fish coculture in the Ziro Valley yields poor returns. We identified that mismanagement of inputs, unwillingness to invest, nonavailability of adequate funds and formal training, and limited involvement of youths in the culture are crucial factors behind poor returns. However, institutional support in managing stocking density, feed, and rice type, along with human resource training, can address these gaps, thereby improving the production and livelihoods of a significant section of the Apatani tribe.

Cheirostylis tortilacinia C. S. Leou (Orchidaceae), a new record for India and its typification

AbstractCheirostylis tortilacinia C. S. Leou (Orchidaceae), has been reported for the first time in India from Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal. Cheirostylis tortilacinia is morphologically allied to Cheirostylis parvifolia during anthesis but clear differences can be traced on closer examination of the vegetative morphology and the floral characters. Detailed taxonomical description along with photoplates, species comparison table with the allied species from India, and notes on typification have been provided in this current communication to aid in easy identification of this species.

Present Scenario of Handloom Industry in Arunachal Pradesh: A Case Study of Siang District

Present Scenario of Handloom Industry in Arunachal Pradesh: A Case Study of Siang District