Art Review Research Articles

State of the art review. Upper extremity revision nerve compression surgery.

Although surgical release of upper extremity nerve compression syndromes is highly effective, persistence or recurrence of symptoms and signs may occur. Thorough investigation is necessary in this situation before treatment is recommended. If the symptoms cannot be explained by other pathology than compression of the affected nerve and if conservative management has not provided improvement, reoperation may be considered. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic and surgical considerations in the revision of carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome and thoracic outlet syndrome.Level of evidence: V.

Solving nonograms using neural networks

Nonograms are logic puzzles in which cells in a grid must be colored or left blank according to the numbers that are located in its headers. In this study, we analyze different techniques to solve this type of logical problem using an Heuristic Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, and Heuristic Algorithm with Neural Network. Furthermore, we generate a public dataset to train the neural networks. We published this dataset and the code of the algorithms. Combination of the heuristic algorithm with a neural network obtained the best results. From state of the art review, no previous works used neural network to solve nonograms, nor combined a network with other algorithms to accelerate the resolution process.

Recent advances and synthesis approaches for enhanced heavy metal adsorption from wastewater by silica-based and nanocellulose-based 3D structured aerogels: a state of the art review with adsorption mechanisms and prospects

Recent advances and synthesis approaches for enhanced heavy metal adsorption from wastewater by silica-based and nanocellulose-based 3D structured aerogels: a state of the art review with adsorption mechanisms and prospects

State of the Art Review on the Treatment of Psoriatic Disease.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that in some cases is accompanied by systemic manifestations. Given the varied clinical manifestations, the term psoriatic disease probably better reflects the clinical picture of these patients. In most cases, the skin lesions precede joint involvement as well as other potentially involved organs such as the intestine and the eye. Various immune-mediated cellular pathways such as that of TNFα, IL-23, IL-17 as well as other cytokines are involved in the pathophysiology of the psoriatic disease. A better understanding of the way they interfere with our immune system has led to remarkably better disease control and outcomes. This review aims to highlight the newest treatments for psoriatic disease, which are expected to significantly reduce unmet needs and treatment gaps.

Fiber reinforced polymers in pervious concrete - a state of the art review

Porous concrete, entitled also as permeable or pervious concrete, is a type of concrete that has interconnected voids that allow water and also air to go across it. It is widely used in the construction of pavements, parking lots, and sidewalks, among other applications, because of its ability to reduce stormwater drainage, better quality of the water, and decrease urban heat island effects. The addition of fibers to porous concrete has been the subject of numerous studies in recent years, with researchers examining the effects of diversified types and amounts of fibers on the material’s properties. Fiber reinforcement can enhance the strength, durability, and ductility of porous concrete, making it more suitable for use in structural applications. Polymer fibers, in particular, have shown promise in improving the properties of porous concrete. They can increase the material’s resistance to cracking, improve its flexural strength, and enhance its heat-absorbing property. However, the characteristics of polymer-reinforced porous concrete are not yet fully understood, and more research is needed to determine the optimal types and amounts of fibers for specific applications. Despite the potential benefits of fiber-reinforced porous concrete, there are also some challenges associated with its use. The addition of fibers can increase the material’s cost and complexity of production, and it may also affect its permeability and drainage capacity.Fiber-reinforced porous concrete represents an exciting area of research and development in the field of civil engineering. While the addition of fibers can enhance the material’s properties, more research is needed to determine the optimal types and amounts of fibers for specific applications. By addressing these challenges and continuing to refine the material’s properties, fiber-reinforced porous concrete has the potential to expand its use in a large spectrum of applications, including structural engineering, transportation infrastructure, and environmental protection.

Metabolic changes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: state of the art review.

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are important components of the synovial membrane. They can contribute to joint damage through crosstalk with inflammatory cells and direct actions on tissue damage pathways in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent evidence suggests that, compared with FLS in normal synovial tissue, FLS in RA synovial tissue exhibits significant differences in metabolism. Recent metabolomic studies have demonstrated that metabolic changes, including those in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, exist before synovitis onset. These changes may be a result of increased biosynthesis and energy requirements during the early phases of the disease. Activated T cells and some cytokines contribute to the conversion of FLS into cells with metabolic abnormalities and pro-inflammatory phenotypes. This conversion may be one of the potential mechanisms behind altered FLS metabolism. Targeting metabolism can inhibit FLS proliferation, providing relief to patients with RA. In this review, we aimed to summarize the evidence of metabolic changes in FLS in RA, analyze the mechanisms of these metabolic alterations, and assess their effect on RA phenotype. Finally, we aimed to summarize the advances and challenges faced in targeting FLS metabolism as a promising therapeutic strategy for RA in the future.

Initial teacher training in light of the vision of complexity in the 21st century: state of the art review

This research focused on investigating and analyzing how the Complexity Paradigm can serve as an epistemological support in teacher training. Given this, the present study aims to answer the following problem: how can the epistemology of the Theory of Complexity Thinking support initial teacher training? The objective was to raise research that presents the Theory of Complex Thinking as an innovative epistemology capable of subsidizing the initial training of teachers.To develop this analysis, a State of the Art survey was carried out, opting for qualitative and exploratory research. Theoretical foundations were sought from the authors; Morin (2000, 2014, 2015), Moraes (2017), Farias (2020). The research allowed us to realize that there is an urgency to understand that initial teacher training requires a reform of thinking, which leads to a paradigmatic transposition, which seeks to reconnect knowledge, understand uncertainties, restore ethics and human understanding. During this investigation it was possible to understand that breaking with old paradigms becomes a strong challenge for educators in the 21st century.

State of the Art Review of Islanding Detection Methods for Integrated Distributed Generation System

Renewable energy technologies (RET) are expanding over the globe to fulfill the world’s overall energy requirement. The main issue following the adoption of RET into power system network is an electrical islanding. It causes voltage, frequency, current, phase angle, power and harmonic content deviation outside the allowable limits, which may be hazardous to both connected apparatus and customers. It should be noticed within 2 s, according to Distributed Generation (DG) IEEE 1547 interconnection specifications. This research examines several islanding recognition strategies for improving the solidity of utility-connected DG. It will assist potential scholars in choosing the optimum islanding recognition technique with less non-detection zone (NDZ). The comparative assessment of various detection parameters analyzed in terms of NDZ, power quality issues and number of DG networks used. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of twenty passive methods carried out for low power mismatch cases like load switching and different fault cases, and the best methods for future islanding detection are recommended.

Strategies on the Optimization of Thermoelectric Systems for Heat Transfer Applications: State of the Art Review

Thermoelectric technology is one of the fast-developing technologies in the present days due to its excellent heat transfer and heat conversion capabalities. This uses the electromotive force produced by the temperature difference at each end of the device to produce electricity and vice versa. There are various applications developed based on this thermoelectric technology which includes thermoelectric coolers, thermoelectric generators, and thermoelectric air conditioners. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of thermoelectric (TE) technologies, starting with a complete summary of their working principles explaining the effects like Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects, as well as optimization techniques, applications, semi-conductor materials used, and potential future developments.

State of the Art Review of Attributes and Mechanical Properties of Hempcrete

The global surge in environmental pollution, largely attributed to industrialization, has fueled a pressing need for sustainable solutions. In response, the construction sector is increasingly focusing on bio-based materials such as hemp, recognized for its low environmental footprint and prominent carbon-negative quality. As designers, housebuilders, and an environmentally conscious society pivot towards ecological alternatives to standard building materials, hempcrete emerges as a promising candidate. As a composite material mainly made from hemp hurd/shiv, water, and lime, hempcrete offers the ability to sequester carbon long after its incorporation into structures. As a result, the hemp cultivation process—which can be completed within less than four months—ensures that more carbon is absorbed during production and deployment than emitted, e.g., per one study, sequestration on the order of 300 kg of CO2 per m3 of hempcrete. In comparison to concrete, hempcrete offers a more sustainable footprint, given its recyclability post life cycle. This state-of-the-art review paper delves deep into different aspects of hempcrete, summarizing its multifaceted attributes, particularly its compressive strength. Based on the study conducted, the paper also suggests strategies to augment this strength, thereby transitioning hempcrete from a non-load-bearing material to one capable of shouldering significant weight. As architects and designers consistently strive to align their projects with high ecological standards, focusing not just on aesthetic appeal but also environmental compatibility, hempcrete becomes an increasingly fitting solution for the future of construction.

State of the art review. Complications after carpal tunnel release.

Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is the most performed surgery of the upper extremity. It is effective but not without complications. This state-of-the-art review covers most common intra- and postoperative complications after CTR. As endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) has developed over time, severe complications, such as nerve lesions, have diminished. ECTR still has a higher risk on transient nerve lesions. Open CTR on the other hand has a higher incidence of wound-related problems, including scar tenderness, irrespective of incision used. Most complications, such as pillar pain and infection, are ill-defined in the literature, leaving the exact incidence unknown and proposing challenges in treatment. The same is true for failure of treatment. Optimizing the length and location of incisions has played a vital role in reducing intra- and postoperative complications in CTR. It is expected that technical advances, such as ultrasound-guided percutaneous carpal tunnel release, will continue to play a role in the future.Level of evidence: V.

State of the Art Review of Ageing of Bituminous Binders and Asphalt Mixtures: Ageing Simulation Techniques, Ageing Inhibitors and the Relationship between Simulated Ageing and Field Ageing

Asphalt mixtures age during service in the field, primarily as the result of chemical changes in the bituminous binder phase. The ageing phenomenon changes the properties of the asphalt mixture, including the stiffness modulus, the resistance to deformation and the resistance to cracking, and it leads to surface weathering or erosion that often leads to pavement resurfacing. Consequently, many researchers have attempted to understand and to simulate the ageing of bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures in the laboratory. This review of bituminous binder and asphalt mixture ageing considers ageing simulation techniques, the effect of ageing on both bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures, the potential benefits of ageing inhibitors, and efforts to relate simulated laboratory ageing to observed field ageing. It is concluded that ageing has a significant effect on the properties of bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures, and that improved simulated ageing is important for comparing the effect of ageing on different materials and mixtures, as well as for quantifying the potential benefits of ageing inhibitors, which have generally been promising. It is also concluded that current ageing protocols are based on heat only, omitting the important contribution of solar radiation to the weathering and ageing of asphalt surfaces in the field. In the future, different simulated ageing protocols should be developed for binder and mixture samples. Similarly, a different ageing protocol is appropriate for understanding base-layer fatigue, compared to research on surface-layer weathering. Finally, it is concluded that a universal ageing protocol is unlikely to be found and that mixture- and climate-specific protocols need to be developed. However, given the importance of simulated ageing to asphalt researchers, the development of reliable, robust and calibrated laboratory ageing protocols is essential for the future.

Uloga Umetničkog pregleda u razvoju nove urbane kulture i modernizacije Kraljevine Jugoslavije

Milan Kašanin's decisive initiative to launch The Art Review (1937-1941), the official journal of the Museum of Prince Paul, was pivotal in coordinating cultural and educational activities and played a key role in shaping and implementing cultural policy in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. From its inaugural volume, the journal was guided by a meticulously conceptualized and systematically organized editorial, personnel, and financial policy. Managed as a professional, educational, popular, and propagandistic medium, The Art Review made an immeasurable contribution to the cultural development and social modernization of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. This study examines the articles published in The Art Review from 1937 to 1941, focusing on architecture, urbanism, horticulture, interior design, and vernacular architecture, and analyzing their authors, who were predominantly architects. The aim is to elucidate the significance of this journal in interpreting the fundamental creative impulses of architectural practice, thereby facilitating the understanding of architecture as a discipline verging on the social and artistic. The architects who wrote for The Art Review, spearheaded by the editorial secretary Ivan Zdravković, included such prominent figures as Milan Zloković, Branislav Kojić, Aleksandar Deroko, Branislav Marinković, Branko Maksimović, Đurđe Bošković, Milutin Borisavljević, and others. These architects were both participants in and witnesses to a wide range of European intellectual movements at that time, while simultaneously acting as their advocates in this region. In this context, the paper discusses the issue of distinctive creative thinking on architecture from the perspective of Serbian and Yugoslav architects, focusing on two complementary components of creativity: the subjective (individual) and the collective (social), which, according to Kašanin, represents a higher level of understanding and appreciating architecture.

Design and development of strain gauge for biomedical applications: State of the art review

Materials that characteristically respond to mechanical stimulus are utilized in a wide variety of engineering applications as strain gauges. The response can be produced as a change in resistance or a change in capacitance. Constantan was initially utilized in strain gauges and exhibited a gauge factor (GF) of 2. With the development of fabrication techniques, new materials are correspondingly utilized in strain gauges that revealed a GF higher than 2. However, a review pertaining to the latest materials utilized in strain gauges is absent. Therefore, in this review article, strain gauges utilizing metallic, polymer, and ceramic-based materials were investigated by evaluating their fabrication method, characterization in numerous testing conditions, gauging their sensitivity and the parameters influencing the same, and proposing a real-world biomedical application based on the sensor properties ranging from monitoring of orthopedics, knee laxity, heartbeat, and mechanical properties of implants and prosthetics, to stretchable and wearable sensors for e-skin and exoskeletons.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiofrequency ablation of breast cancer: a current state of the art review.

With a gradual increase in breast cancer incidence and mortality rates and an urgent need to improve patient prognosis and cosmetology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy has attracted wide attention as a new treatment method for breast cancer. MRI-RFA results in a higher complete ablation rate and extremely low recurrence and complication rates. Thus, it may be used as an independent treatment for breast cancer or adjuvant to breast-conserving surgery to reduce the extent of breast resection. Furthermore, with MRI guidance, accurate control of RFA can be achieved, and breast cancer treatment can enter a new stage of minimally invasive, safe, and comprehensive therapy. With progress in MR thermometry technology, the applications of MRI are expected to broaden.

Reef Breakwaters for Coastal Protection: A State of the Art Review

Reef breakwaters are widely employed soft engineering solutions to control shoreline erosion and to protect the existing coastal structures from increased wave action. The adoption of reef breakwaters for coastal protection has been growing owing to several benefits, such as protecting the coast by reducing wave energy, enhancing the performance of existing coastal structures, and fostering recreational activities such as surfing and aquaculture. This article is aimed at presenting a comprehensive review of the application of reef breakwaters intended for coastal protection. The review comprises the state-of-the-art development in the utilization of reef breakwaters for coastal defense; exploring their hydrodynamic performance characteristics, such as wave transmission and reflection based on previous studies. The work also consists of a review of the stability features of reef breakwaters and their potential application as engineering solutions for coastal protection and as retrofits to existing coastal structures. The ancillary benefits of reef breakwaters applied for surfing and aquaculture are explored and brought out in this work. Despite the existing body of research on the efficacy of reef breakwaters for coastal protection, this paper brings out the research challenges and outlines potential directions for future studies.

Enhancing enzymatic activity with nanoparticle display – an updated compendium and engineering outlook

Schematic depicting enzyme kinetic enhancement when displayed on a nanoparticle surface. We provide a state of the art review of this phenomenon describing what is known about how it arises along with examples grouped by nanomaterials.

Emerging Trends and Challenges in Thermal Management of Power Electronic Converters: A State of the Art Review

Emerging Trends and Challenges in Thermal Management of Power Electronic Converters: A State of the Art Review

New Medical Device and Therapeutic Approvals in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review of 2022.

To review new drugs and devices relevant to otolaryngology approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2022. Publicly available FDA data on drugs and devices approved in 2022. A preliminary screen was conducted to identify drugs and devices relevant to otolaryngology. A secondary screen by members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery's (AAO-HNS) Medical Devices and Drugs Committee differentiated between minor updates and new approvals. The final list of drugs and devices was sent to members of each subspecialty for review and analysis. A total of 1251 devices and 37 drugs were identified on preliminary screening. Of these, 329 devices and 5 drugs were sent to subspecialists for further review, from which 37 devices and 2 novel drugs were selected for further analysis. The newly approved devices spanned all subspecialties within otolaryngology. Many of the newly approved devices aimed to enhance patient experience, including over-the-counter hearing aids, sleep monitoring devices, and refined CPAP devices. Other advances aimed to improve surgical access, convenience, or comfort in the operating room and clinic. Many new devices and drugs are approved each year to improve patient care and care delivery. By staying up to date with these advances, otolaryngologists can leverage new innovations to improve the safety and quality of care. Given the recent approval of these devices, further studies are needed to assess long-term impact within the field of otolaryngology.

A state of art review on the opportunities in automatic generation control of hybrid power system

A state of art review on the opportunities in automatic generation control of hybrid power system