Artocarpus Heterophyllus Seeds Research Articles

Physical and chemical characterization of oil extracted from Citrofortunella microcarpa, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds

Consumable plant oils had been related with highly nutritional content and antioxidant source that provide crucial health benefits. Hence, in this study a series of experimental work and analysis were conducted to evaluate the practicability and the properties of oil extraction from seeds of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). The yield, antioxidant activities, iodine value, saponification value, and peroxide value of extracted seed oils were studied. Results obtained shown that among the three seeds species, calamansi seeds resulted in the highest yield of 32.7%, followed by roselle seeds with a yield of 11.00% and lastly, jackfruit seeds with the highest yield obtained was only 0.60%. Antioxidant activities conducted has shown that roselle with EC50 of 49.04 mg/mL has greater antioxidant properties as compared with calamansi with EC50 of 109.74 mg/mL. Iodine value determined for unheated oil has resulted in a value of 100.83 g I2/100g oil and 110.60 g I2/100g oil that has classified roselle and calamansi seeds oil under the non-drying oil categories and heating effect shown a slight decrease in the iodine value due to loss of unsaturation within the oil. Both calamansi and roselle seed oils did not show significance reduction in saponification value upon heating. Peroxide value for roselle and calamansi seeds oil under unheated condition was determined to be 10.36 meq/kg and 24.86 meq/kg respectively.

Treatment of Greywater by Using Artocarpus Heterophyllus Seeds as A Natural Coagulant

In this study, Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is used to treat the greywater. The objectives are to characterize the functional group, zeta potential and the protein content of Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds and to examine the performance of the seeds in treating greywater by changing the pH, coagulant dose, and mixing effect, as well as comparing them to Aluminium Sulphate (Alum). The functional groups presence in Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds are hydroxyl group (O-H), amine group (N-H) and carboxylic group (C-O). The zeta potential of Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is averaged at -4.14 mV and protein concentration is at 0.294 mg/L. It was found out that Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds work best at pH 3, 800 mg/L of coagulant dosage and 20 rpm for slow mix and 70 rpm for rapid mixing which resulted in 95.11%, 80.4% and 92.73% removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD and TSS respectively. At pH 6, 200 mg/L of alum coagulant, 40 rpm for slow mix and 150 rpm for quick mix, turbidity, COD, and TSS removal efficiencies were 90.15%, 55.35%, and 96.92%, respectively. Therefore, it shows that Artocarpus Heterophyllus seeds is a better coagulant to treat greywater compared to alum. It has the potential to replace the conventional chemical coagulant.

Phenolics, proteins, antioxidant activity and GC – MS analysis of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam seeds

Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds are available in larger quantity and are good source for many phytochemicals. The seeds are rich in proteins and low in fat content. The present study was carried out to analyse the phenolics, proteins and antioxidant activity of A. heterophyllus seeds. Different aqueous solvents such as acetate buffer pH 5.0, phosphate buffer pH 7.0, tris buffer pH 8.5, different concentration of sodium hydroxide (0.05M, 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.4M, 0.5M), sodium chloride, water and organic solvents like ethanol, methanol and acetone were used for extraction. Sodium hydroxide (0.1M) showed maximum extraction efficiency. Among the organic solvents, ethanol showed maximum phytochemical extraction. Different concentrations of ethanol (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) containing 0.1M NaOH were also used for extraction and maximum extraction was found in 40% ethanol containing 0.1M NaOH. GC – MS analysis was carried to identify various bioactive compounds present in the extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) of the seeds.

Hydrothermally derived porous carbon and its improved electrochemical performance for supercapacitors using redox additive electrolytes

The N-rich porous carbon with high surface area is derived from the starch of Artocarpus heterophyllus seed (AHS) through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) followed by KOH chemical activation. The EDLC's are fabricated using nitrogen inherited porous carbon with and without the addition of 0.05 M VOSO4 as redox additive in the pristine 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The device delivered an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 133 Fg-1 (at a high current of 15 mA) and high specific energy (32 Whkg−1) at a specific power of 936 Wkg−1 in the redox electrolyte when compared with pristine 0.5 M H2SO4 (92 Fg-1). Similarly, the symmetric redox-mediated EDLC exhibited extended cyclic stability up to 10,000 cycles with a coloumbic efficiency of 97%. These outstanding performance of the fabricated EDLC is due to the excellent faradaic interaction between N-rich, surface-functionalized porous carbon electrode with the redox electrolyte at the electrode-electrolyte interface through the redox reaction between VO2+/VO2+ species. The present work corroborates that the combination of hydrothermal derived porous carbon (HPAC) and redox additive electrolyte is a promising way to enhance the specific capacitance of the electric double-layer capacitors.

The Potential of Breadfruit Seed and Jackfruit Seed as Alternative Replacement Medium of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) with Seedling F0 Mushrooms

Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) is the most media to grow the mushrooms, but the price of this media is expensive. Thus we need alternative media that easy and cheap to get it. This study aims to determine the growth of Aspergillus niger in alternative Artocarpus communis and Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds media. This research was an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) one factor was the type of media is PDA (M0), Artocarpus communis seed media (M1), Artocarpus heterophyllus seed media (M2) and using the test mushrooms A. niger (J1). Inoculation of A. niger used agar block method for 3 days with a temperature of 28°C. Parameter of research was colony diameter and sporulation of A. niger. Data obtained with qualitative and quantitative methods. The result of this research showed that the best growth for Aspergillus niger was after 72 hours incubation. Colony diameter continually in PDA media, Artocarpus communis media, and Artocarpus heterophyllus media is 4.7 cm, 4.3 cm, and 4.1 cm with heavy sporulation. Therefore, Artocarpus communis and Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds media can be utilized as a substitution of PDA media for the growth of mushrooms.

Acute and subacute (28 days) toxicity, hemolytic and cytotoxic effect of Artocarpus heterophyllus seed extracts.

Plants and their parts are a part of life in many Brazilian communities, as observed in the jackfruit. The jackfruit seeds are consumed, usually, as roasted, boiled, steamed, and are eaten as a snack. The present study was carried out to identify the Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds toxicity and cytotoxic activity. The extracts were tested in toxicity assays like, brine shrimp lethality assay, hemolysis assay, and effect of seed extracts on T47D, TH29 and B16F10 cancer cell lines, and in acute and subchronic toxicity in mice. Artocarpus heterophyllus seed presents no toxic effects in brine shrimp, no hemolytic activity, and was effective in cancer cell lines like T47D, TH29 and B16F10. IC50 obtained from extracts was 46.67 μg/ml of chloroform extract in T47D cells, 23.42 μg/ml of ethanolic extract in HT29 cells, and 74.31 μg/ml of ethyl acetic extract in B16F10 cells. Ethanolic extract presented zero lethality index and was able to reduce the level of glycemia in females (32.3%) in the subchronic test. With this results we can conclude that Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds presents no toxicity, and is very effective in determinated cancer cell lines, requiring further studies to validate their use as active natural product against cancer cells.

Effect of Lectin from Artocarpus Heterophyllus Seed on Cancer Cell Lines

The objective of this paper to present cytotoxic effect of jacalin, a purified protein and crude protein from A.heterophyllus seed against cancer cell, human breast cancer (MCF7) and non-small lung carcinoma (H1299). The extraction and purification were carried out by phosphate buffer precipitation and reverse miceller, respectively. MTT and trypan blue exclusion methods were performed to study the cytotoxic activity. Jacalin and crude protein was compared in cytotoxic activity against MCF7 and H1299 cancer cells and the result showed jacalin more effective than crude protein, 64.73 and 75.54 percent for MCF7 and 67.71 and 68.39 percent for H1299, respectively. Jacalin also found very active against MCF7 compared to H1299 cancer cells and expected IC50 for both cancer cells would be reached if concentration of jacalin will extended in cytotoxic activity analysis. Keywords: Artocarpus heterophyllus, jacalin, crude protein, cytotoxicity,cancer cell, MCF7, H1299