Artocarpus Elasticus Research Articles

Human neutrophil elastase inhibitory dihydrobenzoxanthones and alkylated flavones from the Artocarpus elasticus root barks

Neutrophil elastases are deposited in azurophilic granules interspace of neutrophils and tightly associated with inflammatory ailments. The root barks of Artocarpus elasticus had a strong inhibitory potential against human neutrophil elastase (HNE). The responsible components for HNE inhibition were confirmed as alkylated flavones (2–4, IC50 = 14.8 ~ 18.1 μM) and dihydrobenzoxanthones (5–8, IC50 = 9.8 ~ 28.7 μM). Alkyl groups on flavone were found to be crucial functionalities for HNE inhibition. For instance, alkylated flavone 2 (IC50 = 14.8 μM) was 20-fold potent than mother compound norartocarpetin (1, IC50 > 300 μM). The kinetic analysis showed that alkylated flavones (2–4) were noncompetitive inhibition, while dihydrobenzoxanthones (5–8) were a mixed type I (KI < KIS) inhibitors, which usually binds with free enzyme better than to complex of enzyme–substrate. Inhibitors and HNE enzyme binding affinities were examined by fluorescence quenching effect. In the result, the binding affinity constants (KSV) had a significant correlation with inhibitory potencies (IC50).

Vegetation and ecoregion analysis at Sipirok Botanic Gardens, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Siregar M, Purnomo DW, Siregar HM, Witono JR. 2020. Vegetation and ecoregion analysis at Sipirok Botanic Gardens, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2526-2535. Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ plant conservation area. Enrichment of plant collections of Botanic Gardens in Indonesia is based on ecoregion types. To find out the type of ecoregion, the existing vegetation, main native species should be known. The research aimed to analyze the existing vegetation and ecoregion type at Sipirok Botanic Gardens. Existing vegetation has been carried out using a separate plot method 20x20 m which is placed on purposively in nine locations considered to have different vegetation types, namely remnant forest, young secondary forests and shrubs, rubber plantation, and grasslands. Around 66 species belonged to 45 genera and 27 families were found in vascular plants (dbh ≥ 10 cm). There were 66 species of sapling belonged to 54 genera and 35 families, and 110 seedlings belonged to 87 genera and 50 families. The tree species that have the highest Importance Value Index are Ficus sumatrana (PU-1), Myristica fatua (PU-3), Hevea brasiliensis (PU-4 and PU-7), Artocarpus elasticus (PU-8), and Knema cinerea (PU-9). No trees were found in young secondary forest/shrub plots and grasslands. Unlike the species dominance index, the species diversity index and species equitability index are higher in natural forest plots. Beta diversity based on Jaccard similarity index and Whittaker's index shows a relatively different species composition among plots. Cluster analysis shows the tendency of grouping in 2 types of communities, namely: a) remnant forest communities, and b) secondary communities. The natural forest community is further divided into two communities consisting of remnant forest tree species and industrial/plantation plant species also secondary tree species. Secondary communities are also further divided into secondary forest communities and grasslands. Based on ecoregion analysis using previous publications, altitude, and diversity of plant species in the study site, Sipirok Botanic Gardens is a transitional zone of the Sumatran lowland rainforest and mountain rainforest.

Kajian Etnobotani Serat Kulit Kayu Kepuak (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume) Pada Suku Dayak Desa’di Desa Kunyai Kecamatan Sungai Tebelian Kabupaten Sintang

Artocarpus elasticus is one of the bark fiber-producing plants. Fiber plants have many uses, one of them is being used by Dayak Desa’ Tribe to meet the needs of daily life in accordance with local wisdom. This study was carried out for two months from May to July 2019 with purposive sampling method. The result showed that the usage of bark fiber plants by Dayak Desa’ community in Kunyai Village was varied. Based on the percentage of respondents’ answers, bark fiber plants was used as crafts (100%), clothes (88%), ropes (60%), building materials (36%), and medicines (8%). Dayak Desa’ community knows and uses kepuak bark fiber well. The process of bark fiber was done by bark stripping, followed by bark flattening until it turns into sheets, and lastly submerged and dried

Distribution of tree species around springs and trees-springs interplay possibility in the springs area of Soloraya, Central Java, Indonesia

The research aimed to analyze the distribution of trees species around springs in various environmental factors and the trees-springs interplay possibility in Soloraya region, Indonesia. Investigation was conducted by survey using census method within 10 m radius toward upstream from the point of vegetated springs or previously overgrown by trees. Cluster analysis and discriminant analysis divided 59 springs areas into four (4) groups based on environmental characteristics summarized into two (2) general groups (lowlands and highlands). Only Ficus benjamina was widely distributed shown by high value of relative frequency in entire areas (80%) and high value of indicator species in both lowlands and highlands which was statistically similar. Particular species were obviously dependent on environmental factors (Samanea saman and Innocarpus fagiferus for lowlands, Artocarpus elasticus and Bischofia javanica for highlands). Species dependency on environmental factors was also performed by Canonical Correspondence Analysis showing −0.604, 0.538 and −0.647 of correlation coefficients for elevation, average rainfall and average temperature, respectively. This research also found an association between trees condition and water-flow of springs. It was supported by 0.57 of contingency coefficient which was statistically significant. The information obtained was expected to lead restoration/rehabilitation efforts on the spring protection zone. Adding the number of samples and environmental factors were suggested for future research to get more information. Deeper investigation on the role of the trees around springs was also suggested.

DIVERSITAS FLORISTIK DAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI DI HUTAN GUNUNG PAYUNG, TAMAN NASIONAL UJUNG KULON

A floristic diversity and vegetation forest structure was carried out on the Mount Payung, Ujung Kulon National Park. The objective was to floristic composition and structure of the forest located at the peninsula of Ujung Kulon, Banten. The study was conducted using the quadrat method by establishing plots of 5000 m2 each at two locations Pasir Ipis and Gunung Keneng, thus the total area sampled was 1 ha. They were Plot Pasir Ipis and Plot Gunung Keneng. A total of 1898 trees comprising 105 species of 74 genera and 43 families were recorded. The number of species at Pasir Ipis higher (90 species) than plot Gn Keneng (61 species). Based on calculation the important value indexes (IVI), there were some dominan species with IVI &gt;10 at Pasir Ipis Neesia altissima (IV=21,55), Barringtonia racemosa (17,89), Payena acuminata (13,35) and Neonauclea lanceolata (12,37). The dominated species at Plot Gn Kendeng were Pseuduvaria reticulata (IV= 34,30), Dillenia excelsa (27,62), Lagerstroemia speciosa (20,89), Popowia pisocarpa (17,57). The structure of forest could be inferred from the diameter and height of trees. The diameter measurements showed that 75,57 % of trees in plot Pasir Ipis and 80,51 % in plot Gunung Kendeng consist of small individuals with diameters between 10-20 cm. Trees with large diameters of &gt;100 cm occurred in two plots among them Barringtonia racemosa, Polyalthia lateriflora, Popowia pisocarpa, Artocarpus elasticus. The presence of large numbers of small trees and lesser numbers of trees with large diameters in a forest stand indicated that the stand was regenerating after heavy disturbance. The presence of the majority of trees with height of &lt; 20 m (99 %) further confirmed the forest’s dynamic status.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA PESERTA DIDIK

This study aims to identify the types of endophytic bacteria on the bark of terap (Artocarpus elasticus) capable of inhibiting the growth of clinical isolate bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Stages of this study were (1) isolating the endophytic bacteria from the bark of terap plants (2) antibacterial test (inhibition test) against clinical isolate bacteria, (3) biochemical test upon endophytic isolate bacteria showing strong inhibition effect, (4) moleculer identifcation upon endophytic bacteria isolate showing strong inhibition effect. From this study, it was obtained 34 barks of terap isolates, and 12 isolates have inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Based on 16S rRNA molecular identification, the isolate of endophytic bacteria of the barks were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Those endophytic bacteria of Terap plants are potentially to be developed as a the producer of antibacterial compounds.Keywords: Terap bark, Endophytic bacteria, Identification, Antibacteria

BAKTERI ENDOFIT KULIT BATANG TERAP (ARTOCARPUS ELASTICUS) DAN AKTIFITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI

This study aims to identify the types of endophytic bacteria on the bark of terap (Artocarpus elasticus) capable of inhibiting the growth of clinical isolate bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Stages of this study were (1) isolating the endophytic bacteria from the bark of terap plants (2) antibacterial test (inhibition test) against clinical isolate bacteria, (3) biochemical test upon endophytic isolate bacteria showing strong inhibition effect, (4) moleculer identifcation upon endophytic bacteria isolate showing strong inhibition effect. From this study, it was obtained 34 barks of terap isolates, and 12 isolates have inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Based on 16S rRNA molecular identification, the isolate of endophytic bacteria of the barks were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Those endophytic bacteria of Terap plants are potentially to be developed as a the producer of antibacterial compounds.Keywords: Terap bark, Endophytic bacteria, Identification, Antibacteria

POTENSI KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS CAGAR ALAM SITU PANJALU KABUPATEN CIAMIS The Potential of Species Diversity of Nature Reserves Panjalu Lake in Ciamis District.

ABSTRAK Cagar Alam Situ Panjalu merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi tertua di Indonesia. Sebagai kawasan konservasi, C.A. Situ Panjalu tentu memiliki berbagai jenis flora yang bermanfaat sebagai pelestarian plasma nuftah, ilmu pengetahuan dan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika struktur vegetasi C.A. Situ Panjalu. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi antara sistem petak tunggal dengan sistem jalur, yang disebut juga dengan belt transect. Jalur dibuat dengan ukuran 500 m (disesuaikan dengan jarak panjang cagar alam) dan lebar 20 m. Jalur dibuat sebanyak 2 buah, dengan jarak antar jalur 100 m. Pada setiap jalur dibuat petak dengan ukuran panjang 50 m dan lebar 20 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkat semai tiga jenis tumbuhan yang mempunyai nilai INP tertinggi, yaitu: Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ (47,64 %), Calamus zollingerii (47,64 %), dan Sterculia macrophylla VENT. (44,37 %). pada tingkat pancang ditemukan empat jenis tumbuhan dengan nilai INP masing-masing, yaitu: Litsea cassiaefolia (114,29 %); Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ (57,14 %); Huru pandak dan Endiandra rubescens MIQ (14,29 % ) . Pada tingkat tiang tiga jenis yang mempunyai nilai INP paling tinggi yaitu: Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ. (143,04 %); Litsea cassiaefolia (99,78 %) dan Artocarpus elasticus Reinw (9,53 %). Pada tingkat pohon tiga jenis dengan nilai INP tertinggi, yaitu: Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ. (147,924 %), Litsea cassiaefolia (68,753 %), Ki Jangkar (INP tertinggi ketiga 31,410 %).Kata kunci: Cagar Alam, Situ Panjalu, vegetasi, Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ ABSTRACT Wildlife sanctuary of Panjalu lake is one of the oldest conservation area in Indonesia. As a conservation area, Panjalu Lake is certainly has different species of flora that are useful as germplasm conservation, science and education. This study aims to determine the structural dynamics vegetation of wildlife sanctuary of Panjalu lake . The method used is a combination of single plot with line system, which is also called as belt transect. Paths made with size of 500 m (adjusted for long-distance of the area) and a width of 20 m. Paths are made by 2 pieces, with 100 m spacing between lines. At every point made plot with a length of 50 m and a width of 20 m. The results showed that the seedlings are three types of plants that have the highest importance index value (IIV), namely: Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ (47.64%), Calamus zollingerii (47.64%), and Sterculia macrophylla VENT.(44.37%). Of saplings stage found four species with IIV, respectively, are: Litsea cassiaefolia (114.29%); Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ (57.14%); Litsea sp and Endiandra rubescens MIQ (14.29%). At level three types of poles that have the highest IIV, namely :Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ. (143.04%); Litsea cassiaefolia (99.78%) and Artocarpus elasticus Reinw (9.53%). . At level tree species with the highest IIV, namely: Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ. (147.924%), Litsea cassiaefolia (68.753%), Eugenia fastigiata MIQ (third highest IVI 31.410%).Keywords: Wildlife sanctuary, Panjalu lake, vegetation, , Dysoxylum densiflorum MIQ

Penyebaran Dan Kelimpahan Populasi Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca Fascicularis) Di Cagar Alam Sibolangit

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) can be found in Sibolangit Nature Reserves North Sumatera. This research was conducted to determine its group distribution and abundance of the population using concentration count and its habitat was observed by rapid assessment in 7 location. 2 group of long-tailed macaque was found, first group found in the southern part of a nature reserve with a group size of 18-25 individuals. Second group was found in the northern part of nature reserve with a group size of 15-20 individuals. The group distribution was affected by the location of sources of water, food resources, human and other animals. Food plant species consist of rambung merah (Ficus sumatrana), terap (Artocarpus elasticus), kayu ageng (Antidesma montanum), nanglit (Nauclea cyrtopoda), lateng gajah (Laporta sinuata), beringin (Ficus benjamina), jelatang (Toxicodendron radicans), aren (Arenga pinnata), riman (Caryota sp), senduduk (Melastoma affine). Key word: sibolangit nature reserve, long-tailed macaque, distribution of population and abundance

Suitability and availability analysis of tropical forest wood species for ethanol production: a case study in East Kalimantan

Amirta R, Mukhdlor A, Mujiasih D, Septia E, Supriadi, Susanto D. 2016. Suitability and availability analysis of tropical forest wood species for ethanol production: a case study in East Kalimantan. Biodiversitas 17: 544-552. Fifteen species of woody biomass from tropical forest of East Kalimantan, Indonesia and identified as Acacia mangium, Aleurites moluccana, Alstonia scholaris, Anthocephalus cadamba, Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus elasticus, Cananga odorata, Gmelina arborea, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Leucaena leucocephala, Macaranga gigantea, Macaranga tanarius, Paraserianthes falcataria, Shorea leprosula and Swietenia macrophylla were characterized and studied to find out and discover their potential utilization as suitable feedstocks for biofuel (ethanol) production. Characterization was done by evaluation of lignin, holocellulose and cellulose contents of woody biomass including the yield of reducing sugar (saccharification) after pretreated with alkaline (NaOH) at moderate temperature. Among 15 species of tropical forest wood biomass evaluated, our findings showed that M. gigantea was gave the highest yield of saccharified sugar (42.22%, weight of original wood dry basis) and also yield of theoretical ethanol (± 273 L/ton). We also found growth of M. giganteawas very fast to produce approximately 26,119 kg ha-1 dry biomass within 3 years. In general, the tropical wood biomass such as M. gigantea, A. moluccana, G. arborea, A. cadamba, and P. falcataria are suitable and potentially to be used as feedstocks for ethanol production due to their fast growing ability, availability and attractive chemical composition to produce high saccharified sugar and yield of ethanol.

Wood, Chemical, and Pulp Properties of Woods from Less-Utilized Fast-Growing Tree Species Found in Naturally Regenerated Secondary Forest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

This study aimed to identify fast-growing tree species suitable for pulpwood obtained from a secondary forest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chemical and pulp properties were determined for terap (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume), medang (Neolitsea latifolia (Blume) S. Moore), and balik angin (Alphitonia excelsa (Fenzel) Reissek ex Benth). The mean values of ethanol-toluene extract and total lignin contents in terap, medang, and balik angin were 1.5 and 29.7, 2.1 and 25.0, and 3.0 and 24.6%, respectively. A significant negative correlation (r = −0.573) was obtained between lignin content and pulp yield, suggesting that low lignin content in these woods leads to high kraft pulp yields. On the basis of these results, it can be considered that medang and balik angin woods are promising raw materials for bleached pulp, whereas terap wood is suitable for unbleached pulp.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Artocarpus elasticus stem bark extract.

BackgroundGreen approach in synthesizing metal nanoparticles has gain new interest from the researchers as metal nanoparticles were widely applied in medical equipment and household products. The use of plants in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as a cost effective and eco-friendly approach. A green synthetic route for the production of stable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by using aqueous silver nitrate as metal precursor and Artocarpus elasticus stem bark extract act both as reductant and stabilizer is being reported for the first time.ResultsThe resultant Ag-NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, powder X-Ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR). The morphological study by TEM and SEM shows resultant Ag-NPs in spherical form with an average size of 5.81 ± 3.80, 6.95 ± 5.50, 12.39 ± 9.51, and 19.74 ± 9.70 nm at 3, 6, 24, and 48 h. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face-centered cubic structure. The FT-IR spectrum shows prominent peaks appeared corresponds to different functional groups involved in synthesizing Ag-NPs.ConclusionsAg-NPs were synthesized using a simple and biosynthetic method by using methanolic extract of A. elasticus under room temperature, at different reaction time. The diameters of the biosynthesis Ag-NPs depended on the time of reaction. Thus, with the increase of reaction time in the room temperature the size of Ag-NPs increases. From the results obtained in this effort, one can affirm that A. elasticus can play an important role in the bioreduction and stabilization of silver ions to Ag-NPs.Graphical abstract:Figure illustrates stabilization of silver nanoparticles after formation by A. elasticus stem bark extract.

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods from Three Native Fast-Growing Species in a Secondary Forest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract Growth characteristics and basic wood properties of three native fast-growing species, terap (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume), medang (Neolitsea latifolia (Blume) S. Moore), and balik angin (Alphitonia excelsa (Fenzel) Reissek ex Benth), were investigated. All three species are grown in a secondary forest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. No significant correlations between growth characteristics (stem diameter and tree height) and stress-wave velocity of the stems were found. The mean basic density (BD) for whole trees of terap, medang, and balik angin were 0.34, 0.55, and 0.39 g cm−3, respectively. The BD in medang wood was similar in both radial and longitudinal directions. On the other hand, the BD gradually increased from pith to bark, decreased from 1 to 3 m above the ground, and then gradually increased to the top of the tree in terap and balik angin. Significant positive correlations between radial and tangential shrinkages and BD were found. Compressive strength parallel to grain and air-dry density also showed high positive correlations for all species. Analysis of variance showed significant differences in wood properties among the five sample trees in each species.

SIFAT FISIS PAPAN GYPSUM DARI LIMBAH GERGAJIAN KAYU

The purpose of this research is to exploit the waste ripsaw as substitution of gypsum board on the fhysical of board gypsum. Raw material in the form of waste saw from particle of wood kambang (Goniothalamus Sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus Elasticus REINW ) and wood lua (Ficus Glomerata ROXB ) size of particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, while preservative use the ammonium of concentration borax 1% and 2% percentage gypsum to ripsaw particle 300, 400 and 500%. Research result show the rate mean irrigate to range from 10,02-14,61%, closeness 0,72-0,98 g/cm3, absorpsion irrigate 19,98-28,15%, thick development 0,95-1,93% and linear development 0,12-0,60%. As a whole examination of nature of fisis of board gypsum fulfill the standard of quality of board of gypsum SNI 03-6434-2000 except to rate examination irrigate and linear development not fulfilled the standard quality of gypsum board. Pursuant to this research result can be considered by industry gypsum to exploit the waste saw as substitution in making of board gypsum to be improve repairing the nature of rate irrigate and linear development. Keyword : waste powder ripsaw, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum

Mechanical Properties and Decay Resistance of Wood Polymer Composites (WPC)

In Malaysia, especially Borneo Island Sarawak has a large scale of tropical wood species. In this study, selected raw tropical wood species namely Artocarpus Elasticus, Artocarpus Rigidus, Xylopia Spp, Koompassia Malaccensis and Eugenia Spp were chemically treated with sodium meta periodate to convert them into wood polymer composites. Manufactured wood polymer composites were characterized using mechanical testing (modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), static Young’s modulus) and decay resistance test. Modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were calculated using three point bending test. Static Young’s modulus and decay resistance were calculated using compression parallel to gain test and natural laboratory decay test respectively. The manufactured wood polymer composites yielded higher modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and static Young’s modulus. Wood polymer composite had high resistant to decay exposure, while Eugenia Spp wood polymer composite had highly resistant compared to the other ones.

Structural analysis and dynamic Young's modulus measurement of selected tropical wood polymer composites

Various tropical wood species are abundantly available in Southeast Asia, especially in Borneo Island. In this study, selected tropical wood species, Eugenia spp., Artocarpus rigidus, Artocarpus elasticus, Koompassia malaccensis and Xylopia spp., were chemically treated with sodium meta periodate to convert them into wood polymer composites (WPCs). Manufactured WPCs were characterised using microstructural analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and SEM) and dynamic Young's modulus measurement. The dynamic Young's modulus was calculated using vibrational testing Ed and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis E′. Spectroscopic analysis results indicated the absorption band of raw wood at 1635 cm–1 due to carbonyl stretching and WPCs showed increased absorption band near 1718 cm–1. The manufactured WPCs yielded higher Young's modulus compared with raw woods. A. elasticus WPC had the highest Young's modulus compared with the other composites.

A PRENYLATED FLAVONE FROM THE HEARTWOOD OF Artocarpus scortechinii King (Moraceae)

Two prenylated flavones have been successfully isolated from the methanol extract of the heartwood Artocarpus scortechinii King. They were determined as artelastisin and artelastin. It has been reported that artelastisin and artelastin were obtained from Artocarpus elasticus. The cytotoxicity toward cell murine leukemia P-388 showed that artelastisin is active with IC50 3.0 µg/mL. In addition, artelastin is inactive with IC50 5.75 µg/mL. The structures of isolated compounds were determined based on spectroscopy data including UV, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. These compounds are reported for the fist time from this plant. Keywords: Artocarpus scortechinii King, prenylated flavone, and cell murine leukemia P-388.

Mechanical and biological performance of sodium metaperiodate-impregnated plasticized wood (PW)

Malaysia, especially the Borneo Island state of Sarawak, has a large variety of tropical wood species. In this study, selected raw tropical wood species namely Artocarpus Elasticus, Artocarpus Rigidus, Xylopia spp., Koompassia Malaccensis, and Eugenia spp. were chemically treated with sodium metaperiodate to convert them into plasticized wood (PW). Manufactured plasticized wood samples were characterized using, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical testing (modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), static Young’s modulus (Es), decay resistance, and water absorption). MOE and MOR were calculated using a three-point bending test. Es and decay resistance were calculated using the compression parallel to grain test and the natural laboratory decay test, respectively. The manufactured PW yielded higher MOE, MOR, and Es. PW had a lower water content compared to the untreated wood and had high resistance to decay exposure, with Eugenia spp. having the highest resistance compared to the others.

Antioxidant prenylflavonoids from Artocarpus communis and Artocarpus elasticus

Two new prenylflavonoids, cyclogeracommunin (1) and artoflavone A (2), were isolated from the cortex of roots of Artocarpus communis. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 2 and known compounds, artomunoisoxanthone (3), artocommunol CC (4), artochamin D (5), artochamin B (6), and dihydroartomunoxanthone (7), isolated from A. communis, and known compounds, cycloartelastoxanthone (8), artelastoheterol (9), cycloartobiloxanthone (10) and artonol A (11), isolated from Artocarpus elasticus, all showed inhibition of oxidative DNA damage. Compounds 2 and 8-10 significantly showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity with IC50 values of 24.2 ± 0.8, 18.7 ± 2.2, 42.2 ± 2.8 and 26.8 ± 1.2 μM, respectively, while compounds 1 and 11 significantly displayed inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity with IC50 values of 73.3 ± 19.1 and 43.3 ± 8.1 μM, respectively. These findings indicate that 1–11 are promising antioxidants.