Artocarpus Chama Research Articles

Intra and Interspecific Relation of Tree Species Aspects of Seed Biometry, Phenology, Seed Dispersion, and Germination

Bangladesh, with its dense population and diverse ecological landscape, embodies a unique environmental tapestry. This study explores the intricate interplay between tree phenology, seed dispersal seed germination, and biometric characteristics within the context of Bangladesh's rich biodiversity. Through field research conducted from 2020 to 2023 in the Chittagong division, we investigated species such as Artocarpus chama, Avicennia officinalis, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia bellirica, and Terminalia chebula. The findings reveal significant variations in seed morphology, phenology, germination, and ecological roles among these species. Furthermore, through dendrogram analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), we elucidate the underlying patterns and relationships governing biometric variability. These insights provide valuable contributions to our understanding of ecological processes and inform conservation strategies aimed at preserving Bangladesh's forest tree biodiversity.

Isoprenylated Flavones from the Twigs of Artocarpus chama and Their Anti-Viral Activities

Isoprenylated Flavones from the Twigs of Artocarpus chama and Their Anti-Viral Activities

Evaluation of Nutritional Value, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Content of Protium serratum Engl and Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham, Wild Edible Fruits Available in Tripura, a North-Eastern State of India

Background:Protium serratum Engl (Indian red pear) and Artocarpus chama Buch.- Ham (wild jackfruit) are typical wild edible fruits that have a wide range of folk medicinal properties.Objectives:Our present study deals with the exploration of nutritional value, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content present in Protium serratum Engl and Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham fruits.Methods:The soxhlet apparatus was used to extract crude samples. The quantitative analysis of the wild edible fruits was broadly done by proximate and ultimate analysis techniques.Results:The results showed that the moisture contents in P. serratum and A. chama Buch. are 78.53% and 74.23%, respectively. The obtained ash (8.59%), fiber (3.17%), total sugar (5.495 mg/100g), and fat (0.66%) contents are high in P. serratum. In contrast, A. chama Buch. has a high content of protein (0.52%). Vitamin C content is higher in P. serratum (550 mg/100g) than that in A. chama Buch. (350 mg/100g). The result shows that the Ca and Mg contents are higher in P. serratum compared to A. chama Buch. Indian red pear shows good antioxidant properties and has high total phenolic content as compared to wild jackfruit and some commercial fruits.Conclusion:The study establishes that further investigation must be done to determine the development of new products, processing, and preservation techniques so that two underutilized fruits can become a part of our regular dietary habits. By doing so, we can enrich the fruit basket of the country.

A study on antibacterial efficacy of different extracts of Artocarpus chama fruits and identification of bioactive compounds in the most potent extract

This study is designed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of various extracts of mature green fruits of Artocarpus chama with the identification of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial efficacy was tested against eight pathogenic bacteria using standard antibiotics as the positive control. Antibacterial bioassay was performed by measuring zone of inhibition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC). The most effective extract was further subjected to preliminary phytochemical tests, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis. Ethyl acetate extract (EAAC) was found to be the most effective extract producing an inhibition zone of 45.50 ± 0.50 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453. Effective spots (ES) (Rf=0.37) of EAAC separated by TLC analysis were subjected to indirect contact bio-autography for evaluating their efficacies against the tested bacterial strains. Values of MBC/MIC for the extract ranged from 1.20 to 1.80 (<2) indicating their bactericidal property. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis of ES was performed for the identification of bioactive antibacterial compounds. Alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and an array of functional groups in EAAC were detected. MICs of ES ranged from 6 - 10 µg/ml. Four bioactive compounds in ES were detected in GC-MS analysis. Thus, this study revealed that ethyl acetate extract of A. chama fruits contained several bioactive compounds with promising bactericidal properties against tested strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.

Assessment of Natural Regeneration Potential of Native Tree Species in a Community Managed Forest of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to explore natural regeneration potential of a community managed forest. Village Common Forest (VCF) has been managed as a commo n property resource under the leadership of Mouza Headmen based on traditional resource management pattern. Stratified random sampling method was carried out for the inventory of the regeneration status. The sampling plot size for regeneration was 5m × 5m. About 47 regenerating tree species belonging to 22 families were recorded from the studied village common forest where Grewia nervosa was the dominant regenerated seedlings. Euphorbiaceae was the dominant family with 7 species followed by Moraceae (5 species), Rubiaceae (4 species), Anacardiaceae (3 species), Combretaceae (3 species) and Mimosaceae (3 species). Maximum Importance Value Index (IVI) was found for Grewia nervosa (27.97) followed by Brownlowia elata (21.52), Artocarpus chama (14.74) and Leea macrophylla (12.53). A total of 78% of the regenerating tree species were regenerated from seeds and 22% from coppices. Shannon-Wiener’s Diversity Index was found 3.37 where Simpson’s Diversity Index was 0.055, Moreover, Margalef’s Richness Index was calculated as 8.57 and Species Evenness Index was 0.88. The results depict that the regeneration status of studied VCF has been satisfactory and Village Common Forest still contains dense forests that represents rich biodiversity including rare species. The study might be helpful for increasing conservation importance of this forest. This study suggests further study on vegetation structure and carbon pool assessment to understand more about of this forest for future sustainability.

Effects of selected moraceae plants on tyrosinase enzyme and melanin content

Background: Hyperpigmentation is the one cause of skin disorder. The dark-colored skin causes from the increasing of melanin pigment production. It is synthesized by melanogenesis catalyzed by tyrosinase enzyme. Tyrosinase is one of the main causes of melanogenesis; thus, inhibition of the activity of tyrosinase can decrease melanogenesis. Hence, the potential tyrosinase inhibitor could be discovered from natural products. Objective: Discovery of tyrosinase inhibitor from natural products by focusing on Moraceae plants. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Moraceae plant extracts were screened for antityrosinase and antibacterial activities; Streblus taxoides and Artocarpus chama were selected to study in B16F1 melanoma cell; intracellular antityrosinase activity and melanin content. Moreover, pigmentation inhibitory effect on the zebrafish of these samples was studied. Results: The extracts of S. taxoides and A. chama showed the potential activity against tyrosinase enzyme on both intracellular and extracellular enzymatic assays. Moreover, they suppressed pigmentation in zebrafish. Only ethyl acetate extract of these plants could show anti-bacterial activity. Conclusion: S. taxoides and A. chama are potential plants for further study of chemical constituents and biological activities especially the anti-tyrosinase activity of the isolated compound to find out the lead compound for whitening agent from natural product.

Bioactivity and traditional uses of 26 underutilized ethno-medicinal fruit species of North-East Himalaya, India

North-Eastern hill (NEH) region of India is considered as an agro-biodiversity hotspot, which has rich diversity of less-known, underutilized and ethno-medicinally important fruit crops. Since these fruits are ethno-medicinally and nutritionally important, we attempted to quantify the bioactive and antioxidant compounds of these underutilized fruit crops. The antioxidant properties were assayed by scavenging abilities using diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), azinobisethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), assay of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and determining total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) contents. Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.), Bengal quince (Aegle marmelos (Correa) Linn.), Elephant apple (Dillenia indica L.), Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.), Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) and Chapalish (Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham.) were high source of TP content; Elephant apple (D. indica L.) and Amla (E. officinalis Gaertn.) were found to be high source of TF. Highest DPPH, ABTS and FRAP activity of underutilized fruit crops were discussed. Significant positive correlation was detected among TF–FRAP, TF–ABTS, ABTS–FRAP, DPPH–FRAP and DPPH–ABTS assays. Principal component analysis was found an effective technique in grouping the local underutilized fruits based on their antioxidant contents. Results signify that, these underutilised fruits must be promoted for cultivation, pharmaceutical and processing use in large scale.

Structural composition and distribution of tree species of Dudhpukuria-Dhopachori Wildlife Sanctuary, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Structural composition based on diameter and height class distribution of the tree species of Dudhpukuria-Dhopachori Wildlife Sanctuary, Chittagong, Bangladesh was assessed. A total of 183 tree species having ≥ 10 DBH belonging to 125 genera and 48 families was recorded from the study area. Different species were found to dominate in different DBH classes, i.e. Aporosa wallichii (4.06%), Artocarpus chama (1.54%) and Dillenia pentagyna (0.38%) dominated 10 - < 25 cm, 25 - < 40 cm and 40 - < 55 cm DBH, respectively. Swintonia floribunda was found in maximum (7 out of 8) number of DBH classes. Both the percentage of tree individuals (73.18%) and number of species (169) were highest in 10-24.5cm DBH range. Similarly, Dipterocarpus turbinatus (14.5-24.4m and 24.5-34.4m) and Swintonia floribunda (34.5-44.4m and 44.5-54.4m) were dominant in two height ranges each. On the other hand, height range 4.5 - 14.4 m was dominated by Aporosa wallichii (4.36%). Dipterocarpus costatus, Artocarpus chama, Syzygium firmum and Bombax insigne were found in all the height classes. Both the number of tree species and number of individual stems (167 species; 1,684 individuals) were highest in the height range of 4.5-14.4m. The number of species and tree individuals decreased linearly with increasing height. All these indicate that, there was a sustainable natural regeneration and successful recruitment of Aporosa wallichii, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Lithocarpus acuminata, Grewia nervosa and Artocarpus chama in Dudhpukuria-Dhopachori Wildlife Sanctuary. Dipterocarpus turbinatus was found as dominant species as it constitures maximum (5.56%) percentage of all tree individuals. The findings of the study may be useful for protection, conservation and sustainable management of Dudhpukuria-Dhopachori Wildlife Sanctuary.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(1): 17-30

Regeneration potentials of native tree species in three natural forests of Sylhet, Bangladesh

Natural regeneration status of native tree species in three natural forests of Moulvibazar, Sylhet Forest Division, Bangladesh was assessed through stratified random sampling method. A total of 70 tree species belonging to 31 families was recorded. Moraceae has the maximum number of species (8 species). Myrtaceae has 6 species and Rubiaceae has 5 species while both Euphorbiaceae and Meliaceae have 4 species each. The families Anacardiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Combretaceae, Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Sterculiaceae, Verbenaceae have 3 species each, while Clausiaceae, Mimosaceae and Ternstroemiaceae has 2 species each, and the rest 16 families (viz. Apocynaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araliaceae, Arecaceae, Bombacaceae, Burseraceae, Caesalpinaceae, Dilleniaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Lythraceae, Myrsinaceae, Polygalaceae, Rutaceae, Tiliaceae, Thymelaeaceae) comprise one species each. Artocarpus chama represents maximum seedlings production per hectare (2,528), followed by Syzygium firmum (1825), Ficus racemosa (1425), Syzygium fruticosum (1033) and Holigarna caustica (917). Biological diversity indices were also calculated which ensure a promising regeneration status of Moulvibazar Natural forests. The percentage distribution of seedlings was maximum (78.12%) for 0-50 cm height range for all species. The numbers of seedling reduced proportionately with height growth indicating the reduction recruitment of seedlings in Moulvibazar natural forests. Artocarpas chama showed maximum (1.97 %) seedling recruitment. Natural regeneration potential is useful for developing the management plans for effective functioning of Moulvibazar natural forests, Sylhet, Bangladesh.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(2): 1-10

Value Addition to Artocarpus chama Buch. Fruit for Economic Empowerment of the Rural Community Residing in North East India

Artocarpus chama Buch. Syn. A. chaplasha Linn.( Moraceae), an indigenous fruit of North Eastern (NE) region of India. Samkathal pulp is eaten afresh and possesses high nutritional value. It has also has been reported to contain antioxidant properties. The seeds are also rich source of carbohydrates and proteins and average source of fibre. In spite of these fruits provide enormous health benefits, it is under utilized in our country due to its seasonal availability and very short shelf life. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve and prepare fruit products for better utilization of the fruits by overcoming the problem of wastage. In the present study this fruit was processed to produce many value added products and to train rural communities on value addition. These products have good consumer demand because of its nutritional and medicinal value. It has more demand for development of diversified value added products from the fruits. It provides the employment opportunity for rural mass, increases export demand of value added products and helps in increase the economy of the country.

Composition and Diversity of Tree Species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh

Information on plant diversity and community structure are required to chalk out necessary actions for conservation management. The present study assessed the composition and diversity of tree species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh, during April 2010 to November 2011. A total of 107 tree species belonging to 72 genera and 37 families were recorded, where Moraceae family was represented by maximum (11) species. Density, Basal area and volume of tree species were <TEX>$418{\pm}20.09stem/ha$</TEX>, <TEX>$21.10{\pm}2.62m^2/ha$</TEX> and <TEX>$417.4{\pm}79.8m^3/ha$</TEX> respectively. Diameter and height class distribution of tree species revealed an almost reverse J-shaped curve. Both the number of species and percentage of tree individuals were maximum in the lower DBH and height ranges. Anthropogenic disturbances like illegal tree cutting, over extraction, settlement inside forest area etc. were noticed during the study, which are supposed to cause gradual decrease of both tree species and individuals in the higher DBH and height classes. However, Artocarpus chama was found dominant showing maximum IVI followed by Schima wallichii, Aporosa wallichii, and Lithocarpus acuminata. The quantitative structure of the tree species of Kamalachari natural forest is comparable to other tree species rich tropical natural forests. The findings of the study may help in monitoring future plant population changes of the identified species and adopting species specific conservation programs in Kamalachari natural forest.

Lower altitudinal variation in habitat associations, tree diversity and co-dominant population structures along moist deciduous forests dominated by sal (Shorea robusta) in Northeast India

We used line transects of 10 × 500 m size to analyze the patterns of sal associations, diversity and population structure at lower elevation (<100 meters above mean sea level) of moist deciduous forests dominated by sal (Shorea robusta) in Tripura, Northeast India. Overall 216 woody species with 898.56 ha−1 mean density and 33.21 m2 ha−1 mean basal area were recorded using 32 line transects of 0.5 ha size sampled by measuring sal forests at ≥10 cm girth at breast height. Five different sal associations were recognized by cluster analysis, where sal typically associated with Terminalia bellirica, Careya arborea and Schima wallichii in moist deciduous habitats. Rare associations of sal with Artocarpus chama and Dipterocarpus turbinatusa were also identified. Species diversity (p < 0.001) and dominance (p < 0.0001) was significantly different across the sal associations; species richness was recorded higher in S. robusta – S. wallichii association with 152 species than in S. robusta – T. bellirica association with 85 species. Existing habitat disturbances and intensity of sal effects on diversity and structure were significant (p ≤ 0.05), as observed by the changes in species richness and abundance of most abundant, least abundant and unique species along the associations. Population trends and regeneration potential of sal and its most associated trees were predicted using steepness and negative slope values in regression of size class distributions of tree density per hectare at 10 girth classes for each sal association. The present investigation helps in the understanding of broad ecological aspects in lowland sal habitats, particularly when this ecosystem is shifting to these regions in relatively wetter and plain areas due to climate change.

In vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential of Artocarpus chama Buch. fruits

Strategies to evaluate antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of pet ether extract of Artocarpus chama Buch. seedTaksim Ahmed, Mohammad Nasir Uddin, Md. Kamal Hossain, Md. Imamul Islam, Nizam Uddin, Md. Ehsanul Haque Mazumder

Prenylated Stilbenes and Their Novel Biogenetic Derivatives from Artocarpus chama

AbstractTwo new prenylated stilbenes, artochamins F (1) and G (2), and their four novel derivatives, artochamins H–K (3–6), were isolated from the stems of Artocarpus chama. Their structures were elucidated mainly by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The structure of 3 was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The origin of 3–6 could be assumed biogenetically from 2. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against HepG2 cells was evaluated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)