Artistic Gymnastics Research Articles

Negotiating the Space between East and West: Sport and Gender Politics in Swiss Women’s Artistic Gymnastics in the Cold War Era

During the Cold War, women’s artistic gymnastics changed fundamentally and became an important battleground between East and West in the struggle for supremacy. As a supposedly neutral state and gymnastics federation, the case of Swiss sport and gender politics was left out. To analyze the Swiss case in women’s artistic gymnastics and its negotiation and positioning between East and West, written archival sources and oral histories are analyzed using a gender historical approach. By analyzing rejection and transfer through boycott, codification, sport policy, reception of coaching and sport techniques, as well as athletes’ welfare, the interconnectedness of gender and sports policy during the Cold War is explored and exemplified. The Swiss Gymnastics Federation, on the one hand, distinguished itself from the East as a reference space, which was imagined as different and indeed successful, but also harsh and totalitarian, but on the other hand, also imported and (re)produced knowledge and promising strategies. This ambivalent positioning between East and West, however, reveals both a gendered and political rejection of the other while using it as a role model and locating problems of athletes’ welfare in the East.

Characterization of the competitive strength of men's artistic gymnastics in China

Introduction and purpose：The 2022 National Gymnastics Championships men's artistic gymnastics competition was examined and analyzed in order to assess the competitive strength of China's men's artistic gymnastics under the new regulations. The analysis included a review of China's men's artistic gymnastics problems and current performance status, as well as suggestions for strengthening the sport. Materials and methods:Using the literature method—searching and analyzing through the CNKI, WOS, library, and other databases—as well as the observation method and mathematical and statistical techniques for statistical analysis of the athletes competing in the various regions and units, as well as field research and study methods involving video and on-site game observation—first-hand information was obtained for this paper's theoretical support. Conclusions: men's artistic gymnastics in China is not developing regionally, with strong regions in the south and weak regions in the north, as well as strong and weak regions in the east and west;These disparities in the sport's development also affect athletes' overall competitive strength, with athletes in various sports having wide disparities in their scores and failing to create a supportive environment for competition, particularly in individual all-around , pommel horse, rings, and horizontal bars projects;Additionally, China's men's artistic gymnastics athletes' age structure needs to be further optimized. It is necessary to continue executing the preparatory plan of mending the short boards and strengthening the strong items.

Acute inflammatory response following lower-and upper-body Wingate anaerobic test in elite gymnasts in relation to iron status.

Introduction: Artistic gymnastics is one of the most demanding sports disciplines, with the athletes demonstrating extremely high levels of explosive power and strength. Currently, knowledge of the effect of gymnastic training adaptation on exercise-induced inflammatory response is limited. The study aimed to evaluate inflammatory response following lower- and upper-body high-intensity exercise in relation to the iron status in gymnasts and non-athletes. Methods: Fourteen elite male artistic gymnasts (EAG, 20.6 ± 3.3years old) and 14 physically active men (PAM, 19.9 ± 1.0years old) participated in the study. Venous blood samples were taken before and 5min and 60min after two variants of Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), upper-body and lower-body WAnT. Basal iron metabolism (serum iron and ferritin) and acute responses of selected inflammatory response markers [interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor α] were analysed. Results: EAG performed significantly better during upper-body WAnT than PAM regarding relative mean and peak power. The increase in IL-6 levels after upper-body WAnT was higher in EAG than in PAM; the opposite was observed after lower-body WAnT. IL-10 levels were higher in EAG than in PAM, and tumour necrosis factor α levels were higher in PAM than those in EAG only after lower-body WAnT. The changes in IL-10 correlated with baseline serum iron and ferritin in PAM. Discussion: Overall, gymnastic training is associated with the attenuation of iron-dependent post-exercise anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion.

Comparison of the mental toughness among National and International level artistic male gymnasts

Comparison of the mental toughness among National and International level artistic male gymnasts

Effects of Intensive Training on Sitting Height Growth between Age 14-17 Among Male Professional and Non-Professional Gymnasts

This study was to explore the effects of intensive training on sitting height growth between professional and non-professional gymnasts. The study contained both groups; 40 professional and 40 non-professional male artistic gymnasts. Professional gymnasts experienced a lower rise in sitting height growth (SHG) following rigorous training (RT) intervention than non-professional gymnasts. Professionals' mean and SD scores for the pre-test and post-test were 80.99 ±9.06 and 80.73 ±12.98, respectively. The mean difference -0.26% for both tests and the p>0.91 suggests that the differences are statistically significant. Non-professional mean and SD scores for the pre and post-tests were 80.28±9.14 and 82.87±5.83, respectively. The tests also showed a mean difference of 2.59% in both cases, and p<0.01 indicated that the differences were statistically significant. The finding, in comparison to non-professional groups, the SHG of male artistic gymnasts (ages 14–17) was more adversely impacted by RT in professional gymnasts.

ŽENSKA ORODNA TELOVADBA V BRAZILIJI: NJENE POTI OD 1966 DO 2021

Brazilian men’s and women’s Artistic Gymnastics (AG) has been in the spotlight due to the results of some outstanding athletes in the most important international competitions over the last 20 years. However, the development of this sport in the national context does not reflect these achievements. This article performs a critical analysis of Women’s Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) in Brazil, reviewing the trajectory of the main gymnasts and their achievements in the World Championships and Olympic Games from 1966 to 2021, as well as relevant contextual facts during this historical period. Medals in major events have been won since 2001, with gradual and unstable growth, placing Brazil among the most prominent countries. Nevertheless, the data suggest that the achievements were based on concentrated investment in elite gymnasts, mainly in the Olympic team, with the support of already established clubs. The development is still centralized in a few clubs, without showing a sustainable increase in the number of clubs and gymnasts. In this scenario, there is a need for a long-term plan that can sustain the development of the national ecosystem (clubs, local competitions, provincial federations) across all age-group categories and in connection with the national teams..

RAZLOGI ZA PREKINITEV ŠPORTNE POTI ODRASLIH ARMENSKIH ORODNIH TELOVADCEV

Abstract The information about the reasons for sports career (SC) termination among athletes is of significant importance, as it provides a theoretical foundation to prevent early withdrawal. A sociological survey was conducted among 76 former male artistic gymnasts who have ended their careers to determine the causes of SC termination. As a result, 11 different reasons for SC termination were identified. The most frequent reasons include sports injuries (35.52%), mandatory military service (31.57%), and employment (25.0%). The least mentioned reasons are coach-related issues (5.26%), health problems (2.63%), and age (2.63%). The survey offers a broader understanding of why Armenian athletes terminate their sports careers. This insight will enable the governing bodies of Armenian gymnastics and sports to provide targeted assistance to adult artistic gymnasts, helping to prevent early withdrawal in the future.

MOVEMENT REGULATION IN DISMOUNTS ON THE BALANCE BEAM

In artistic gymnastics, the apparatus structure is considered an essential constraint in regulating gymnastic skill performance under an operating coupling between perception and action. The question arises of how such regulation processes generalize within gymnastic skills with a similar movement goal but a different structure. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze how a particular environmental constraint (i.e., space available on the balance beam) regulates gymnasts’ performance in skills with a similar movement goal but a different movement structure. Female gymnasts were asked to perform the round-off and the handspring as dismounts on the balance beam in two conditions (baseline vs. reduced space available). Gymnasts exhibited differences in foot positioning between experimental conditions. For both skills, the most significant part of regulation occurred between the starting point and the first step, and a small part of regulation occurred between the first step and the placement of the hands. While for the round-off, another small part of regulation also occurred between the placement of the second hand and landing on the mat, there was virtually no regulation between the placement of the hands and landing on the mat in the handspring. It is concluded that, for gymnasts, adapting to varying constraints from trial to trial can be seen as an essential skill. Implementing these constraints into practice schedules may help develop a broad range of regulation strategies.

POVEZAVA NEKATERIH SPREMENLJIVK POLOŽAJA STEGNJENIH ROK PRI POTISKU V STOJO NA ROKAH PRI ORODNIH TELOVADCIH

The objective of this study was to investigate in terms of some variables the positional correlation of the press to handstand with eyes open and eyes closed in the right-left sagittal planes in artistic gymnasts. Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the data. According to the findings obtained from analysis in the right and left planes at 0°, a statistically significant correlation was observed both in the negative and positive direction. The analysis of the gymnasts’ press to handstand with eyes open and eyes closed, as measured in the right and left planes at 90°, revealed a statistically significant correlation both in the negative and positive direction. Likewise, the analysis of the gymnasts’ press to handstand with eyes open and eyes closed, as measured in the right and left planes at 180°, revealed a statistically significant correlation both in the negative and positive direction. We found in our study that the wider the triangle formed by the gymnasts’ shoulders, hips, and feet in the starting position of the press to handstand with eyes open was indicative of a poor starting technique, that at 90° the gymnasts’ proprioception functioned differently in the right and left planes when performing a handstand with eyes open and eyes closed, and that at 180° the central nervous system may play an important role for the arm muscles in the right plane in maintaining the desired balance in the absence of visual input when performing the handstand with eyes closed.

The effect of using a two-way assistive balance device on some motor abilities and improving the performance of the handstand skill in artistic gymnastics for men

Advanced methods in training and sports are considered one of the most important ways to succeed and reach high levels of performance in sports skills. Auxiliary devices and tools are considered training methods, as well as special exercises used with assistive devices and tools. Research objective To know the effect of using a two-way assistive balance device on some motor abilities and improving the performance of the handstand skill, But the assumption Research shows that the use of a two-way auxiliary balance device has a positive effect in improving the performance of the handstand skill in artistic gymnastics for men. Researchers experimental method (With a single group design with pre- and post-tests) to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. As for the research population, it represents (10) players affiliated with the training centers of Baghdad Governorate, Al-Karkh/Al-Rusafa for Gymnastics, and their ages range between (9 - 13) years. As for the research sample, it represented (5) players next to Al-Rusafa who train in the (Al-Amana) hall, and it was determined by (50%). The researchers used (2) players from the Al-Karkh Center for the exploratory experiment The researcher concluded The use of the two-way auxiliary balance device has clearly affected some motor abilities and improved the performance of the handstand skill in artistic gymnastics for men. The two-way balance device is of good design. Researchers recommended Conducting other studies using the device in artistic gymnastics for women and on its four devices.

The Effect of Entertaining Program Using Some Artistic Gymnastics Skills to Reduce the Level of Aggressive in Children with Autism

The Effect of Entertaining Program Using Some Artistic Gymnastics Skills to Reduce the Level of Aggressive in Children with Autism

How to build a gymnastics team

Abstract At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the US women’s artistic gymnastics team was the only team to win a medal in all six categories. On the eve of the 2024 Summer games in Paris, Kathleen Houlihan and Jun Yan assess what metric should be used to pick the perfect team and once again make history

Новітні можливості оцінки простої зорово-моторної реакції з використанням сучасних мобільних технологій

Purpose: to investigate the novel possibilities of assessing simple visual-motor reaction using modern mobile technologies. Material and methods. Research methods included analysis and synthesis of scientific-methodical literature, psychophysiological measurements, and mathematical statistical methods utilizing licensed programs RStudio and Numbers. The study was conducted in several stages. In the first stage, 135 students from Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture and Kharkiv State Academy of Arts of various specializations, aged 18-23 years, participated: martial arts (n=45); sports games (n=28); sports and artistic gymnastics (n=22); dance, choreography (n=40). The second stage presented the results of measurements from over 200 respondents, of different ages and genders, users of the «Reaction Visual & Acoustical» application on the iOS platform who provided their results in the «Game Center». Results: According to the first stage findings, information regarding the characteristics of the manifestation of simple visual-motor reaction in students of various specializations was obtained. It was noted that the level of sports qualification of athletes influences the reaction manifestation level. The least changes outside the upper and lower quartiles were observed in the martial arts group, where more students had higher sports qualifications. The most significant changes outside the upper and lower quartiles were observed in the sports games group, indicating the presence of athletes of different qualification levels in this group. According to the second stage results, a comparative analysis determined that there were no statistically significant differences (p>0,05) between the measurement indicators of «Game Center» users and the indicators of students of various specializations. Comparing the measurement results in the study groups, it was found that the reaction time of martial artists was statistically lower (p<0,05) than the reaction time of representatives of other specializations and «Game Center» users. Conclusions. Modern computer technologies allow for increased accuracy and speed of obtaining results of various measurements, saving time on result processing, making operational conclusions, and making relevant decisions. The results obtained during the study indicate that the level of sports qualification of athletes influences the reaction manifestation level. Thus, it was determined that martial artists with higher sports qualifications, who passed the appropriate selection stages, have more developed psychophysiological capabilities for the manifestation of various types of reactions. According to the comparative analysis results, it can be argued that there are no statistically significant differences (p>0,05) between the measurement indicators of «Game Center» users and the indicators of students of various specializations.

A portable self-powered biosensor for monitoring artistic gymnastics techniques

The development of self-powered smart biosensors has attracted great attention due to their potential applications in human motion monitoring and energy collection systems. Here, a newly designed triboelectric nanogenerator (PSP-TENG) composed of the PU sponge, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polydimethylsiloxane for monitoring rear leg rotation motion in artistic gymnastics has been developed. The PSP-TENG can monitor the buffering and stretching time of rear leg rotation and identify the angle between the hip, knee, and ankle during the stretching stage. Furthermore, the PSP-TENG has the function of converting measured signals into power signals, which can convert collected human motion mechanical energy into electrical energy to power wearable devices. The development of PSP-TENG has made contributions to the field of human motion monitoring, providing ideas for new energy and technologies to improve the environment and promote a virtuous ecological cycle.

Implementing artificial intelligence across task types: constraints of automation and affordances of augmentation

PurposeThis study aims to uncover the constraints of automation and the affordances of augmentation related to implementing artificial intelligence (AI)-powered systems across different task types: mechanical, thinking and feeling.Design/methodology/approachQualitative study involving 45 interviews with various stakeholders in artistic gymnastics, for which AI-powered systems for the judging process are currently developed and tested. Stakeholders include judges, gymnasts, coaches and a technology vendor.FindingsWe identify perceived constraints of automation, such as too much mechanization, preciseness and inability of the system to evaluate artistry or to provide human interaction. Moreover, we find that the complexity and impreciseness of the rules prevent automation. In addition, we identify affordances of augmentation such as speedier, fault-less, more accurate and objective evaluation. Moreover, augmentation affords to provide an explanation, which in turn may decrease the number of decision disputes.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the unique context of our study is revealing, the generalizability of our specific findings still needs to be established. However, the approach of considering task types is readily applicable in other contexts.Practical implicationsOur research provides useful insights for organizations that consider implementing AI for evaluation in terms of possible constraints, risks and implications of automation for the organizational practices and human agents while suggesting augmented AI-human work as a more beneficial approach in the long term.Originality/valueOur granular approach provides a novel point of view on AI implementation, as our findings challenge the notion of full automation of mechanical and partial automation of thinking tasks. Therefore, we put forward augmentation as the most viable AI implementation approach. In addition, we developed a rich understanding of the perception of various stakeholders with a similar institutional background, which responds to recent calls in socio-technical research.

The influence of rhythmic gymnastics on the mobile readiness of older preschool children

Preschool age is the most favorable period for the development of a child's personality, physical and motor qualities. One of the tasks of working with children of older preschool age is to prepare them for a successful transition to systematic, organized schooling. Children's readiness for schooling determines the set of morphophysiological and psychological characteristics of children of older preschool age. Children's physical and motor readiness for learning characterizes their functional capabilities and state of health. One of the main indicators of children's physical and motor readiness for learning is the level of development of physical qualities and the technique of performing motor actions. The goal is to determine the influence of artistic gymnastics on the level of motor readiness of children 5-6 years old. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and Internet resources, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted on the basis of preschool education institutions No. 355 and No. 123. 80 children of the control and experimental groups, 40 each, took part in the study. Research results. The initial level of motor readiness of almost half of the children in both the control and experimental groups was at a low level. After the experiment, the percentage increase in motor readiness was significantly better (p<0.05) in the experimental group (13.9%) than in the control group (5.6%). Thus, the indicators in the experimental group increased from a low level to the average in 10.0% of children, and in the control group this indicator was 12.5%. On the other hand, 12.5% of children from the experimental group increased their indicators from average to high levels, while only 5.0% of children from the control group.

The Memory of The Human Body, The Prevention and Treatment of Sport Injuries and Physical Exercise for Health During Artistic Gymnastic Training

The Memory of The Human Body, The Prevention and Treatment of Sport Injuries and Physical Exercise for Health During Artistic Gymnastic Training

Technological advances in artistic gymnastics and the impact on its development

This paper looks at the history of technology development in Artistic Gymnastics (AG) by reviewing patent registrations, test procedures for the AG competition equipment by the official control laboratory of the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG), and major apparatus advances by manufacturers. Equipment became lighter and more resistant with synthetic materials, with a clear tendency to increase elastic (repulsive) capacity. It is noteworthy that the testing laboratory becomes an arbiter for the industry and the FIG when the technological developments and equipment of manufacturers are evaluated for official use. Only 23 companies have equipment approved by the FIG, 12 of them manufacturing AG apparatuses. Suppliers are located in nine different countries (2 in Asia; 4 in Europe; 2 in America; 1 in Oceania). There is still an unequal distribution of access to technologies, which are concentrated in the northern hemisphere. More access to the actual technology is clearly required when we consider that 156 national member federations are affiliated with the FIG as of this writing.

Self-awareness and its relationship to academic achievement in artistic gymnastics for female students

يهدف البحث الى التعرف على واقع الوعي الذاتي ودرجة التحصيل الدراسي في مادة الجمناستك الفني للطالبات ، والتعرف على العلاقة الارتباطية ما بين الوعي الذاتي والتحصيل الدراسي في مادة الجمناستك الفني للطالبات ، واستعمل المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي والعلاقات الارتباطية ، واختيرت عينة البحث لطالبات المرحلة الرابعة في كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة – جامعة بابل ، للعام الدراسي 2023 - 2024 ، والبالغ عددهم (34) طالبة ، وتم اعتماد مقياس الوعي الذاتي المتكون من (42) فقرة يمثلن (5) مجالات ، وتم الحصول على درجة التحصيل الدراسي لمادة الجمناستك الفني للطالبات والتي تعتبر درجة السعي للكورس الأول والتي تقديرها (50) درجة . وطبق المقياس واستحصلت درجات مادة الجمناستك الفني للطالبات ، وخرج البحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها هناك علاقة ارتباطية طردية ايجابية بين الوعي الذاتي والتحصيل الدراسي في مادة الجمناستك للطالبات ، ومن التوصيات التي خرج بها البحث إقامة الندوات التي تهدف الى تعريف الطلبة بالوعي الذاتي لتنميته لديهم .

Values Of Physical Preparation In Female Gymnasts

Artistic gymnastic is one of the components of competitive gymnastics and is divided in men’s and women’s artistic gymnastics. There are four events in the women’s artistic gymnastics: vault, uneven bars, balance beam and the floor. Strength training in artistic gymnastic is closely linked to the gymnastic skills, so we can talk about the development of specific strength that is comparable to other sports. Taking into consideration the predetermined role of the muscular preparation in defining the physical training for female gymnasts. In this study, were obtained analysis twenty-one female gymnasts from four sports clubs in different cities of Albania, who are members of national gymnastics competitions. Tests realized in the beginning and final are as follows: SJ (cm), CMJ (cm), TF SJ (ml/s}, T F CMJ (ml/s}, SJBW (cm), CMJ 15 sec. (cm), HP (cm), HPWB (cm). Gymnasts have level average in SJ and CMJ. Low ratio indicates optimal condition strength to gymnasts. Referring tests shows that 16 gymnasts have high value flight times jumps SJ and CMJ. A different tableau is observed to 5 gymnasts, where look lower values of flight times jumps in SJ and CMJ. From the measurements of the tests, it resulted that those gymnasts that were involved in the study had an average level of strength of their lower limbs and a lower level of power of their upper limbs. Keyword: Artistic Gymnastics, Physical Training, Strength, Performance.