Artisanal Fishing Communities Research Articles

Toward marine democracy in Chile: Examining aquaculture ecological impacts through common property local ecological knowledge

The preferential treatment of the aquaculture industry over fisheries and marine protected areas in Chile through the demarcation of the Areas Appropriate for Aquaculture has set it on a collision course with conservation, artisanal fishing and coastal communities. This article shows how marine democratic governance can evolve through the inclusion of artisanal fisher local ecological knowledge. Artisanal fishing communities elicit how contamination from industrial aquaculture is causing natural shellfish banks, fish populations and endangered cold corals to diminish. While fisheries and aquaculture governance are nominally governed by the same body, the ideological concerns of decision makers have not left space for the original users or ecological health. The right to good water quality and ecological health of artisanal fisher, original people and the broader coastal community are highlighted. Using semi structured interviews, participatory cartography and Geographic Information Systems fishers explain how the contamination footprint has expanded across benthic habitats. Diving in the contaminated areas confirmed the impacts using comparison with control sites. The article shows how new laws are need to assess nutrient loading, antibiotics and invasive species introduction. It links these impacts to literature in other countries where harmful algal blooms result from eutrophication from aquaculture contamination. It shows how the privatisation of space has left marine governance unable to take adequate enforcement. Artisanal and indigenous common properties can lead toward participation in marine planning for ecological health, whilst governmental institutions need realignment so that marine ecological planning for conservation can evolve.

Aggregative capacity of experimental anchored Fish Aggregating Devices (aFADs) in Northeastern Brazil revealed through electronic tagging data

Abstract Catches of pelagic fish associated to anchored Fish Aggregating Devices have been responsible for increases in income, fish consumption, and even cultural identity of artisanal fishing communities in many developing countries worldwide. Nonetheless, in Brazil, aFAD fishing is still poorly developed and studied. In this experiment, FADs were anchored offshore the city of Recife (Northeastern Brazil) to investigate the potential of moored buoys in the aggregation of commercially important pelagic species near the coast, as an alternative fishing site for artisanal fishers. The behavior of acoustically tagged fish was investigated to assess whether they were attracted to the FADs and how long they remained associated to them. The results indicated that, although economically important species were found near the FADs, they did not remain associated for long periods. From the four species tagged, Acanthocybium solandri, Coryphaena hippurus, Thunnus atlanticus, and Caranx crysos, only the two latter were detected at the FADs. Both species presented a preference for a specific FAD, with stronger site fidelity being recorded for C. crysos. This species presented Total Resident Times (TRTs) of more than a month and continuous residence times of more than 14 consecutive days. T. atlanticus, on the other hand, remained around the buoys for short time intervals, with a maximum TRT of only two days. Short diurnal excursions far from the FADs and few longer excursions during nighttime were recorded for C. crysos. These results do not support the possible use of moored FADs near the coast of Recife as an alternative fishing site for artisanal fisheries. It is possible that the geomorphological characteristics of the experimental area did not favor the aggregative behavior of large pelagic fish species, such as tunas, around FADs.

Complejidad territorial en caletas de pescadores artesanales de Chiloé (Chile): Aportes para el manejo costero

Coastal artisanal fishing communities (small scale coves or “caletas”) are complex socio-ecological systems that adapt to perturbations depending on their inherent complexity and properties. The ability to evaluate and monitor such adaptive response provides information on caletas sustainability, required for reliable territorial and strategic planning. Six caletas from different geographic locations in Chiloe Island, southern Chile, served as a model to identify territorial complexity. This article identified 4 criteria and 16 sub-criteria (using Expert Choice software) as suitable descriptors of their complexity, and hierarchically ranked them according to importance (%). All these variables were merged into a Territorial Complexity Index (ICT), a quali-quantitative estimator of caletas sustainability. A principal Component Analysis, including all sub-criteria, further characterized caletas complexity. This article showed that complexity needs an integrated analysis of the relevant variables to monitor evolutionary trajectories of caletas, and thus ICT is highlighted as a convenient quantitative tool for territorial and strategic planning.

Occupational Safety and Health in a Community of Shellfish Divers: A Community-Based Participatory Approach.

In artisanal fishing communities in Chile, the access to occupational safety and health (OSH) is limited by factors such as the informality of employment. Our objective was to analyze the working and health conditions of workers in a coastal town in Southern Chile, under a community-based participatory approach. We carried out two independent social dialogue workshops within the community. The first one (N of participants = 25) was aimed to identify the strengths, weaknesses and challenges for preventing decompression sickness among divers. The second workshop (N of participants = 10) was set to identify the work processes and to map the occupational risks during seafood harvesting and processing in the community. Community members' training for handling and preventing decompression sickness among divers, and the collaboration between a local health representative, stakeholders and authorities, were identified as contributing factors in reducing fatalities and sequels among divers in the past. Technology and safety on board the vessels, training of healthcare personnel in OSH, and access to health programs, were identified as remaining challenges. Through risk mapping, the participants identified the relationship between working and health conditions in the community, reinforcing the necessity of improving access to health and social security. The community participation in identifying and analyzing working and health conditions could be the first step for a strategy to address OSH through primary health care in rural communities. Community empowerment and involvement in action plans, training on basic OSH for health care workers, and public policies are required.

Generic and specific facets of vulnerability for analysing trade‐offs and synergies in natural resource management

Abstract The concept of vulnerability as the combination of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to a stressor is gaining traction outside of the climate realm, opening new avenues to address contemporary sustainability issues more holistically. Yet, critical notions that underpin vulnerability have yet to be integrated into its application to natural resource management and non‐climatic stressors. In particular, the way generic and stressor‐specific facets of vulnerability interact and can inform decision‐makers about how interventions combine and/or trade‐off remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the salience of the generic/specific framing in the context of Chilean artisanal fishing communities engaged in rights‐based co‐management and experiencing pressures from two stressors: poaching and market volatility. Specifically, we draw on market data combined with socio‐economic surveys conducted with 446 members and leaders from 42 fisher unions to quantitatively investigate potential trade‐offs and synergies between facets of vulnerability to poaching and markets. Generic adaptive capacity (i.e. flexibility, assets, learning, organization and agency) likely facilitated stressor‐specific adaptive capacities to both stressors. High levels of specific adaptive capacity to one stressor neither increased exposure nor undermined specific adaptive capacity to the other stressor. However, adaptive capacity did not translate into exposure reduction as expected, suggesting that adaptation barriers may prevent fishers from mobilizing adaptive capacity into effective adaptive action. This study illustrates how breaking down vulnerability into generic and specific facets can help us better anticipate important trade‐offs and synergies in management interventions. More generally, it highlights the potential of the climate adaptation and vulnerability literatures in informing place‐based management of natural resources. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Transitioning to alternative livelihoods: The case of PACE-Vaquita

The transition of artisanal fishing communities to alternative livelihoods is a pressing issue around the world –due to either overexploitation of the fishing stock or climate change related impacts or biodiversity loss associated with by-catch. Learning the factors that increase the probability of a successful transition is useful for policy design purposes. In this context, this paper studies the factors associated with the probability that a fisher in transition to an alternative livelihood remains in such livelihood. We analyze data gathered in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico, where a government program (PACE-Vaquita) was launched in 2008 to incentivize the transition to alternative livelihoods to avoid by-catch of the Vaquita Marina –an endangered species. We model the probability of a successful transition (measured as remaining in the alternative livelihood by 2012) as depending on fisher's characteristics, and alternative livelihood features. We find that a successful transition was more likely to happen if the fisher i) was a woman; ii) lived in the community of San Felipe; and iii) the alternative livelihood was initially funded not only using the money from PACE-Vaquita but also through a loan from another (not necessarily institutional, formal) source. These results point to the relevance of providing financial services that target women in the context of artisanal fisheries.

Biomethane from fish waste as a source of renewable energy for artisanal fishing communities

The potential of biogas production from fish waste as source of renewable energy for fishermen communities was evaluated. Four different fish waste concentrations (1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% total solids (TS)) were digested during 28 days at mesophilic conditions. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP), volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and ammonia concentration were analysed during the experiment. Energy production and economic projections were performed to estimate the number of families that can benefit from the biogas production in Tumaco, Colombia. The 1% TS had the highest BMP (464.5 mL CH4/g VS) and the lowest VFA production (2515 mg/L); in contrast, the 2.5% TS had the highest VFA production (11302 mg/L) and the lowest methane production (206.86 mL CH4/g VS). The treatments with 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% TS exhibited diauxic growth as result of different solubilisation rates in the fish waste components. The energetic and economic analyses estimated a yearly energy production of 489 MWh, which can satisfy the electric energy consumption or the cooking energy demand of 230 fishermen families. The results showed that biogas production from fish waste is a viable and sustainable alternative to adequately manage this material and provide renewable energy to fishermen communities.

Climate Variability and Small-Scale Fisheries in Kenya: Characterization of Current Socio- Economic Conditions of Artisanal Fishing Communities in Ungwana Bay and the Lower Tana Delta

Small-scale coastal fishing communities in the tropics have varied responses to climate variability constraints. These responses are often part of the different ways in which communities build adaptive capacity and resilience against internal and external stresses in their bid to reduce the impacts of prevailing and projected weather conditions. It is widely accepted that small-scale coastal fishing communities depend on fisheries resources for their livelihood. If these resources are increasingly becoming scarce as a result of climate variability pressure, a natural question to ask revolves around the ability of these fishing communities to employ alternative livelihood strategies.

Assessment of ecological vulnerability to climate variability on coastal fishing communities: A study of Ungwana Bay and Lower Tana Estuary, Kenya

Fisheries resources are important in supporting the livelihood of many coastal communities especially in the developing tropical countries. Fisheries resources however, continue to face unprecedented pressure from the impacts of climate change, and this presents both ecological and socio-economic challenges to the dependent communities. This paper assessed the ecological vulnerability to climate variability of artisanal fishing communities in Ungwana Bay and the Lower Tana Delta in Kenya, using selected fin fish species. A combination of approaches were adopted and used to identify and determine exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation indicators. These included a critical review of existing literature, socio-economic survey, and computation of temperature and rainfall variation using long term data from 1983 to 2015. The method of Equal Weights (EW) was applied to all indicators after normalization. The data was normalized in a scale of 0–1, where 0 indicated low vulnerability level and 1 high vulnerability. By using composite index, the selected Ngomeni and Ozi fishing communities within the larger Ungwana Bay and Lower Tana Delta indicated high levels of vulnerability of 0.9 and 0.8 respectively. Due to high vulnerability level and poor adaptation capacity by the local fishing communities in the selected study sites, we recommend government and non-governmental agencies to reinforce community based organizations (CBOs) activities on ecological conservation and social network creation to promote short and long term adaptation measures.

Breastfeeding and fisheries management: Exploring infant nutrition as a socioeconomic driver in artisanal fisheries of the Philippines

Destructive fishing practices and overfishing are common throughout the Philippine archipelago. This, coupled with a rapidly increasing human population, puts the marine resources at risk as more and more people become reliant upon the fisheries for sustenance. This paper unpicks infant nutritional choices as a potential socioeconomic driver in fishing effort. Research from a larger study focusing on the viability of tourism as a supplemental livelihood for remote artisanal fishing communities in the Philippines unexpectedly exposed five cases of fishing families going into debt to purchase breast milk substitutes for their children. Building upon previous research that has demonstrated the influence of economic need on fishing effort, infant nutritional choices, specifically the unnecessary use of milk substitutes is discussed as a potentially overlooked driver in fishing effort. This paper discusses potential impacts of infant nutritional choices in the context of economic need, population growth and fisheries management.

Local knowledge about dugout canoes reveals connections between forests and fisheries

Dugout canoes are traditional boat types made from a single tree trunk. This type of boat can reveal unique connections between forest and fisheries in coastal areas: their construction and the species used depend on the local ecological knowledge of artisans and the plant resources available and are also influenced by the type of fisheries in which the canoe will be used. Our objective was to analyze how dugout canoes are constructed, maintained, and currently used in the central coastal region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The study emphasizes the interaction between the use of forest resources and artisanal fishing in this coastal environment. The data collected were based on interviews with 30 artisans and participant observation. Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, Ocotea porosa (Nees & Mart.) Barroso, Ocotea Aubl../Nectandra Roll. Ex Rottb., and Aspidosperma Mart. & Zucc. are the main taxa used to construct the canoes. Many canoe sizes are used, and based on the boat type, the trunk diameters needed to construct them varies from 0.6 to 2.9 m and trunk heights from 4 to 10 m. Different types of canoe are used according to the type of fishing and especially to the environment conditions. The construction of canoes in the region has decreased due to difficulties in acquiring wood, changes in fishing activities, and reasons related to labor and apprenticeship, all causes related to modernization of the society and urban growth. The knowledge of plant species used can contribute to shape policies to improve forest management. The survival of cultural practices in artisanal fishing communities should be stimulated in sustainable development programs, and it involves maintaining ecological and technical knowledge related to fishing and the plant resources used to manufacture and maintain fishing equipment.

Escape the lion cage: Social networks by catch zones of small-scale fisheries in the oil settlement of Lobitos (Peru)

Artisanal fishing communities are often in conflict with the interests of the oil extraction industry, industrial fishing fleets and tourism. This paper considers Lobitos, a fishing enclave in northern Peru, where the oldest oil settlement in Latin America was established. The primary focus is community organization and development of the fisheries. Using a mixed methods approach, intensive ethnographic observation and analysis of the social networks of the skippers of small-scale fishing vessels was conducted by in-depth interviews with 30 artisanal fishermen, together with a social network survey involving 43 boat captains in Lobitos. The results showed the mistrust and negative attitudes of fishermen towards oil companies and the industrial fishing fleet. However, they expressed positive expectations regarding tourism development, as well as favorable attitudes towards the diversification of fishing activity through tourist services. The networks of acquaintances, social support and exchange of ecological information allowed us to identify three different groups of fishermen according to preferential fishing zones. The skippers of vessels that prefer to fish in intermediate zones have a prominent role, both in terms of local leadership and through the connection with boats belonging to other bays near Lobitos. This subgroup acts as an intermediary in the networks a whole and has an integrated vision of the coastal ecosystem. Network measures and preferential fishing zones can be used as indicators to assess the degree of availability and preparation for the implementation of new uses in the fisheries sector associated with tourism and heritage.

IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON ARTISANAL FISHING IN THE KAFUE FLATS OF ZAMBIA

Ponte Academic JournalJun 2017, Volume 73, Issue 6 IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON ARTISANAL FISHING IN THE KAFUE FLATS OF ZAMBIAAuthor(s): Dan Darkey ,Beverly M MushiliJ. Ponte - Jun 2017 - Volume 73 - Issue 6 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2017.6.36 Abstract:This paper reviews the importance of small scale fisheries in developing countries, highlighting the implications of climate variability on small scale fishing activities in the Kafue Flats of Zambia. Rainfall and temperature trends are analysed for five meteorological stations of the Kafue Flats, over a 30 year period (1982-2011) using Mann Kendall and Sen�s Estimator non-parametric tests. Over-all, the results reveal that the observed monthly rainfall over this period depicts increasing (< 0.05) and decreasing (<0.05 and < 0.1) trends. Trend analysis of seasonal temperatures also show increasing (< 0.05) and decreasing (< 0.01 and < 0.1) trends. Seasonal variability for both rainfall and temperature over the entire period displays statistically significant upward and downward trends at different rates. Household surveys, using snow-ball sampling technique, gauge the effects of climate variability on livelihoods. The study finds that climate variability and change clearly affects fisheries and their associated livelihood activities, and mounts pressure on food and income-generating assets in the Kafue flats. Notwithstanding, constrained by poverty and lacking alternative livelihoods, the fisher-folk remain reliant on the unstable fisheries. Devising adaptation and mitigation strategies, which reduce vulnerability, should be the primary option for sustaining the livelihoods of artisanal fishing communities in the Kafue Flats. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Bluefin tuna fishery policy in Malta: The plight of artisanal fishermen caught in the capitalist net

The bluefin tuna fishery has undergone a major shift in Malta, moving from an open access artisanal nature to a privatized and industrialized activity dominated by the purse seining fleet and the BFT ranching industry. The shift has been exacerbated by the national implementation of an individual transferable quota system, which has enabled the concertation of quotas into fewer hands. The main objective of this article is to understand how privatization has evolved within the sector and the way the Maltese artisanal fishermen are experiencing the shift. This study takes an exploratory mixed-method approach to quantitatively and qualitatively understand how policy underpinnings interplay with the sustainability dimension of the small-scale fishing sector. Results show that the transition of the bluefin tuna fishery from artisanal to industrial has generated a legitimacy crisis over fishing rights, decreased profitability amongst most of the artisanal fleet, and led to a series of socio-ecological impacts on the artisanal fisheries system at large. It is concluded that the neo-liberal trajectories of industrialization have directly undermined the continued sustainability of artisanal fishing communities.

Impact of coastal shrimp fishing on women and youth livelihoods and food security in Tárcoles, Costa Rica

Fishing communities often face similar challenges that include overfishing, lack of food security, and unenforced sustainability policies. Tárcoles, mid-Pacific coast of Costa Rica, generates the majority of its income through fishing. A local cooperative aids families with direct marketing, lowering middleman power and generally benefitting the community. To understand the role of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, we interviewed 47 women and youth (aged 13-72) and 41 young students (17-24) at the University of Costa Rica. We found that shrimp is a vital resource used both for food security and to improve economic situations of fishermen and women. People who have been fishing for more years perceive more positively the success of conservation efforts (P=0,05). Fishermen who have fished in more recent years also perceived greater success in shrimp recuperation in the town (P=0,03). At the University of Costa Rica, many students had at least a basic awareness of social and economic realities in rural fishing communities. Knowledge about artisanal fishing from UCR students was found to be very limited, with many respondents believing that artisanal fishing communities have no impact on large cities in Costa Rica. They should receive more education on this subject.

Evaluating support for shark conservation among artisanal fishing communities in Costa Rica

Many shark populations have experienced severe declines in the past few decades due to increased demand for their products. As fisheries managers, conservation biologists, and other invested groups move to develop new conservation measures to better protect sharks it will be important to understand the potential reactions (behaviors) local fishermen will have to new regulations. To determine the potential behaviors local artisanal fishermen in Costa Rica would have toward new conservation measures for sharks a structured survey (n=72) was distributed to several fishing communities along Costa Rica's Pacific coast. Overall, 89% of fishermen felt that protecting sharks was important with 97% stating a willingness to support shark conservation. However, support dropped to 67% if they would have to change some of their fishing practices. Almost all fishermen surveyed (93%) were in support of the formation of marine protected areas (MPAs). Although, if MPAs restricted their current fishing practices support dropped to between 6% and 65% depending on the restrictiveness of regulations implemented in the MPA. The majority (86%) of the fishermen surveyed also indicated they would be more likely to support new legislative measures to protect sharks if they were included in the decision making process. The results suggest that artisanal fishermen in Costa Rica are willing to protect sharks, but only if their current fishing practices are minimally impacted. It is therefore important that mangers work with these communities to develop management plans that will provide the best protection possible for sharks while also garnering local support to ensure continued compliance.

Livelihood diversification and institutional (dis-)trust: Artisanal fishing communities under resource management programs in Providencia and Santa Catalina, Colombia

The expanse of ocean designated as marine protected areas (MPAs) has increased considerably, particularly since the 1990s. Most MPAs are situated close to shore where small-scale fishermen access resources for nutritional and economic security, which may potentially create adverse effects on local livelihoods. This paper draws from the results of fourteen-months of fieldwork conducted on the Caribbean islands of Providencia and Santa Catalina, Colombia, focused on identifying fishermen’s livelihood approaches and determining the variables that influence their decision to accept or reject conservation programs. Findings suggest that fishermen deliberately diversify their livelihoods, ensuring resiliency when faced with fluctuations in marine resources and, more recently, resource management policies. In addition, it finds that trust in local government institutions is the variable that most shapes fishermen’s acceptance of MPAs.

Characterization of the artisanal fishing communities in Nepal and potential implications for the conservation and management of Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica).

The Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) (GRD) is classified as one of the most endangered of all cetaceans in the world and the second scarcest freshwater cetacean. The population is estimated to be less than 2,000 individuals. In Nepal’s Narayani, Sapta Koshi, and Karnali river systems, survival of GRD continues to be threatened by various anthropogenic activities, such as dam construction and interactions with artisanal fisheries. A basic description of the geographic scope, economics, and types of gear used in these fisheries would help managers understand the fishery-dolphin interaction conflict and assist with developing potential solutions. The main goal was to provide new information on the artisanal fishing communities in Nepal. The specific objectives were to identify, compile, and investigate the demographics, economics, fishing characteristics, and perception of fishermen about GRD conservation in the Narayani, Sapta Koshi, and Karnali rivers so conservation managers can develop and implement a potential solution to the GRD-fishery interaction problem in Nepal. Based on 169 interviews, 79% of Nepalese fishermen indicated fishing was their primary form of income. Fishermen reported fishing effort was greater in summer than winter; greatest in the afternoon (14:30 hrs ± 0:27) and during low water level conditions; and gear was set 4.8 ± 0.2 days/week. Fishermen reported using eight different types of monofilament nets (gillnets and cast nets). Sixty percent used gillnets less than 10 m long, and nearly 30% preferred gillnets between 10 and 100 m long; a few used gillnets longer than 100 m. Most fishermen reported they believed education, awareness, and changing occupations were important for GRD conservation, but they indicated that alternative occupational options were currently limited in Nepal. Nepalese fishermen acknowledged that fisheries posed a risk to GRD, but they believed water pollution, and dam/irrigation developments were the greatest threats.

The artisanal fishing gears and boats used by the Serinhaém Channel fishing communities of the Camamu Bay in the Environmental Protection Area of Pratigi, São Salvador, Brazil

Event Abstract Back to Event The artisanal fishing gears and boats used by the Serinhaém Channel fishing communities of the Camamu Bay in the Environmental Protection Area of Pratigi, São Salvador, Brazil Rogério Cunha1*, Henry L. Spach2 and Alberto T. Correia1, 2, 3 1 Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal 2 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil 3 Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Portugal Artisanal fisheries have been receiving an increased level of attention from governmental and academic institutions in Brazil in the last years. However the knowledge about the Brazilian artisanal fishing communities is still scarce. In the region called southern lowlands of Bahia - Brazil, there is the Serinhaém Channel, a north arm of the Bay of Camamu, located in the Environmental Protection Area of Pratigi, a sustainable use conservation unit created by the Brazilian State Government in 1998. Several fishing communities are settled along this area, where an important artisanal fishing activity is conducted in this rich estuarine ecosystem characterized by an extensive area of mangrove. This study aimed to describe the fishing gears used by the fishermen communities of Timbuca, Ilha da Barreta, Rio do Campo, Ilha da Pescaria, and Ituberá City. The types of fish boats and evolutionary processes in this sector were also described. The data were collected through fishermen surveys and field excursions, and showed that the fishing gear types used in this area are mainly traps, nets and hook-and-lines, but it also includes some fishing prohibited methods, such as explosives. The fishing boats also suffered significant developments in the last years concerning the building materials and sources of propulsion. Traditional fishing boats are still in use and it consist of wooden canoes propelled with paddles or a sail. Most modern fishing boats are made of fiberglass and moved using a homemade motor engine, locally known as ''motor de rabeta '. The wide variety of artisanal fishing gears and boats observed in this region should be related to the variety of species caught, namely fishes and crustaceans, and to the need of fishermen to ensure better income for their livelihood as fish food becomes scarce. There is an urgent need to protect the artisanal fisheries which faces many challenges due to the lack of policies, strategies and concrete measures that can support sustainable fisheries production, better organization and improvement of the livelihood of fishing communities. Keywords: Artisanal fisheries, Fish gears, Fishing boats, estuary, museological aspect Conference: XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies, Porto, Portugal, 5 Sep - 9 Sep, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: 5. ECOTOURISM, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OUTREACH Citation: Cunha R, Spach HL and Correia AT (2016). The artisanal fishing gears and boats used by the Serinhaém Channel fishing communities of the Camamu Bay in the Environmental Protection Area of Pratigi, São Salvador, Brazil. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: XIX Iberian Symposium on Marine Biology Studies. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2016.05.00201 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 07 May 2016; Published Online: 03 Sep 2016. * Correspondence: MD. Rogério Cunha, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal, rogitubera@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract Supplemental Data The Authors in Frontiers Rogério Cunha Henry L Spach Alberto T Correia Google Rogério Cunha Henry L Spach Alberto T Correia Google Scholar Rogério Cunha Henry L Spach Alberto T Correia PubMed Rogério Cunha Henry L Spach Alberto T Correia Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Surf-riding tourism in coastal fishing communities: A comparative case study of two projects from the Philippines

Coastal inhabitants in the less developed world face growing challenges associated with dependence on marine resources in decline. The development of alternative livelihoods is one potential solution to alleviate dependency on fisheries. Tourism continues to be suggested as a potential development strategy for coastal communities, yet surf-riding tourism has received little attention as a means to achieve development goals. This paper documents two unique models currently being applied in remote artisanal fisheries communities within the Philippines. The data used to document the models have been derived from a combination of key informant interviews with surf-riding tourism developers/operators and in situ observations of the surf-riding tourism project operations. Results suggest the positive potential for surf-riding tourism as a development strategy in response to the changing needs of artisanal fishing communities in developing nations.