Artificial Reasons Research Articles

Vulnerabilities of water-energy and food nexus in cities of digital era

The edifice of civilization stands on water-energy-food nexus, speech, trading management and complexity. This paper, presents a mini review of these issues which are the foundations of civilization, and discusses their role in social prosperity. Recent year public discussion emerges that an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) could strike cities due to natural or artificial reasons therefore, we attempt to describe the impact of an EMP from the viewpoint of civil engineering. To do so, we analyze the fundamental parts of civilization in present, their roles, and their functions. Analysis estimates that an EMP will not regress cities of developed world to the 1970s or even in the Middle Ages, but rather before the agrarian era. It is noted that while the developed world will be more vulnerable, the least developed countries, could exhibit more resilience. Additionally, this paper considers the way societies and cities could demonstrate more resilience, framing the need for further research such as: technological adaptation; study and simulations of related scenarios; design of water-energy-food nexus for survival clusters; resilience measures for money, economy, communications, and trading. As we have a very small timeframe of data (less than 200 years) of the appearance and the effects of EMP, we have to study it, even if the wish is that we will never confront it. It seems unreasonable for our narcissistic and wonderful civilization to behave like ostrich hiding its’ head in the sand in order to be hidden by this threat.

Deterioration of pre-war and rehabilitation of post-war urbanscapes using generative adversarial networks

The urban built environment of contemporary cities confronts a constant risk of deterioration due to natural or artificial reasons. Especially political aggression and war conflicts have significant destructive effects on architectural and cultural heritage buildings. The post-war urbanscapes demonstrate the striking effects of the armed conflicts during the hot war encounters. However, the residues of the urbanscapes become the actual indicators of damage and loss. Since today we can make future predictions using a variety of machine learning algorithms, it is possible to represent hybrid projections of urban heterotopias. In this context, this research proposes to explore dystopian post-war projections for modern cities based on their architectural styles and demonstrate the utopian scenarios of rehabilitation possibilities for the damaged urban built environment of post-war cities by using generative adversarial network (GAN) algorithms. Two primary datasets containing the post-war and pre-war building facades have been given as the input data for the CycleGAN and pix2pix GAN models. Thus, two different image-to-image GAN models have been compared regarding their ability to produce legible building facade projections in architectural features. Besides, the machine learning process results have been discussed in terms of cities’ utopian and dystopian future predictions, demonstrating the war conflicts’ immense effects on the built environment. Moreover, the immediate consequence of the destructive aggression on tangible and intangible architectural heritage would become visible to inhabitants and policymakers when the AI-generated rehabilitation potentials have been exposed.

Conservation of Threatened Medicinal Plants – A Futuristic Approach

Many of the important plant species are going to be threatened due to various natural as well as artificial reasons. The conservation of medicinal plants such as threatened species can be tackled by scientific techniques such as in situ conservation and ex situ conservation. Tissue culture technology gave us an opportunity to conserve them by achieving multiple numbers of plantlets in small space and less time. The present research paper gives us an opportunity to various methodologies for conservation of these valuable plants for future generations.

EVALUATION OF THE HISTORICAL İPLİKÇİ MOSQUE ACCORDING TO DBYBHY 2007 AND TBDY 2018 REGULATIONS

Preservation of historical structures that have survived from the past to the present and their sustainability; It is possible with education, knowledge and ongoing care. Historical buildings have been damaged over time due to natural and artificial reasons. However, thanks to the craftsmanship of the period in which they were built, they have managed to reach the present day. It is very important to examine the current conditions of these structures, to determine the damage, to choose the most appropriate technique for repair and strengthening, and to make the necessary intervention in a timely manner. In this study, the Historical İplikçi Mosque in Konya was modeled with the finite element model in the SAP 2000 program. On the model, earthquake resistant design rules and calculation methods were compared according to the Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed in Earthquake Zones (06/03/2007) and Turkey Building Earthquake Regulation (18/03/2018). As a result of the study, it was seen that the calculation methods used with TBDY 2018 and the rules to be followed have changed and new building types were added. As a result of the analyzes obtained from the examined structure, it was seen that the structure did not meet the DBYBHY 2007 principles, but the TBDY 2018 principles.

Effect of Cavities on the Behavior of Anchors in Sandy Soil

Abstract Anchor is a structural element as part of foundation that can take a variety of forms. Over the past four decades a wide variety of foundation anchor systems have been developed to satisfy the increasing demand for foundations with ever-higher pullout resistance. Some kind of soils have problem of cavity deforms inside it, and the reason of these cavities belong to two main reasons, natural cavities because of some chemical actions inside the soil and artificial reasons as human made like old building inside the soils. Experimental modeling was carried to study the capacity of anchor plate under effect of cavity inside the soil, small scale anchor embedded in sandy soil was carried in laboratory to study the capacity and the displacement for loaded plate anchor, the result for test shows reduced capacity for the plate capacity under appearance of cavity inside the effective soil area for the anchor.

PERILAKU MEMBOLOS PESERTA DIDIK DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MELATARBELAKANGINYA

This research was conducted based on a phenomenon that occurred at SMK Bunga Persada Cianjur with the aim of obtaining a picture of truancy behavior based on the factors behind it. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research which is a case study. The data collection method used is by using interview guidelines. The results showed that the forms of truancy behavior carried out by students were coming to school late, not attending class during certain class hours, giving fake permits with artificial reasons and leaving the classroom without asking permission first. Meanwhile, the factors behind truancy behavior include being influenced by friends' invitations, less interest in some subjects and a tedious learning process. Keywords: Truancy Behavior, Factors behind Truancy, Students.

Groundwater supply for Colonia Clunia Sulpicia (Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis)

Twenty centuries ago, a Roman authority founded a city on top of an inselberg where the discovery, by skill or chance, of a small aquifer which allowed access to a water supply for the city. In Roman times wells were drilled, of which nineteen reached a natural cavity. A horizontal gallery for water supply was also opened up, and a drainage conduct in the theatre was made to eliminate storm water. At some point, for natural or artificial reasons, the water table dropped and several wells dried up, forcing the descent of workers and other people to do additional work and to carve abundant graffiti and several clay figurines. The city did not survive the Middle Ages, the wells became cesspits and the ruins were plundered by neighbouring villages. It recovered its memory in the eighteenth century, in 1908 a Roman cave was rediscovered, the old water supply gallery, which gives access to the natural cave. This has been explored and surveyed by the Grupo Espeleológico Ribereño since 1980. From 2013, the Grupo de Technologías in Entornos Hostiles (University of Zaragoza) has carried out systematic radiolocation for the opening up of a direct access to the cavity. In addition, recognition of inscriptions with cavity scans and specific details have been made as well as the installation of two monitoring stations, both inside and outside the cavity to analyze the water performance of the system and the internal evolution of the CO2 content of the air in the cavity. The evolution of the piezometric level presents relatively important oscillations and a delay of two months is detected between the moments of heavy rains and the increase of water levels in the cavity. The CO2 content has a double periodicity, annual and daily.

ANTI-VALUES OF VIRTUAL SPACE: PhILOSOPhICAL ANALYSIS

Investigated the features of the existence of anti-values in the modern virtual space. One of these anti-values is violence, which represents itself in various forms. In particular, cyber-bulling and cyber-grooming have become widespread in the global network. Described the main types of virtual aggression. Manifestations of violence in the virtual reality are directly correlated with the types of aggressive behavior of subjects in the virtual world, which is realized with the help of one or another means.Revealed the phenomenon of cyber-addiction of human as a demonstration of its lack of freedom. The paradox lies in the fact that on the one hand, the virtual world is a field of freedom, and on the other – in consequence of the formation of human cyber-addiction, it ceases to be free by narrowing its living space by concentration on the virtual being. Accordingly, computer-addiction does not allow the subject to qualitatively expand the horizons of their own information culture. Generalized the factors and types of cyber- addictive human behavior. It is noted that the behavior of cyber-addicted personality is characterized by the following basic criteria: the depreciation of all living things, including himself; the disappearance of the habit of working and finding pleasure in it; the fall of cognitive interests and the sabotage of educational activity; self-restraint, indifference and coldness to people.Determined the essential characteristics of cybercrime. It is emphasized that legal and moral nihilism, which has become widespread in the virtual world, is a world-view ground for cybercrime. Nihilism as an anti-value destroys the foundations of informational, legal and moral cultures. To increase the level of information culture of Internet users, it is important to increase educational and educational work, especially among young people, as well as to establish strict liability for committed cybercrimes. The fight against cybercrimes requires special legislation, trained law enforcement officers in this area. However, certain restrictions on the Internet should not turn into censorship, narrowing the field of individual freedom for artificial reasons. It is argued that cybercrime from an axiological point of view is based on anti-values that are rooted in the consciousness of the subject of the virtual world. It is substantiated that virtual reality is a field of struggle of values and anti-values, high samples of informational culture and immoral and anti-legal ways of activity. Anti- values of the virtual world is a continuation of the real world, but at the same time, their interpretation and embodiment have their own particularities in the virtual space. To the anti-values of the virtual world, it is worth mentioning violence and aggression, the restriction of individual freedom because of various forms of cyber-addiction, loss of responsibility for their actions, etc.

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Eutrophication in Lake Tai as Affected by Wind

One common hypothesis is that wind can affect concentrations of nutrients (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in shallow lakes. However, the tests of this hypothesis have yet to be conclusive in existing literature. The objective of this study was to use long-term data to examine how wind direction and wind speed affect the spatiotemporal variations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and Chl-a in Lake Tai, a typical shallow lake located in east China. The results indicated that the concentrations of nutrients and Chl-a tended to decrease from the northwest to the southeast of Lake Tai, with the highest concentrations in the two leeward bays (namely Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay) in the northwestern part of the lake. In addition to possible artificial reasons (e.g., wastewater discharge), the prevalent southeastward winds in warm seasons (i.e., spring and summer) and northwestward winds in cool seasons (i.e., fall and winter) might be the major natural factor for such a northwest-southeast decreasing spatial pattern. For the lake as a whole, the concentrations of TN, TP and Chl-a were highest for a wind speed between 2.1 and 3.2 m·s−1, which can be attributed to the idea that the wind-induced drifting and mixing effects might be dominant in the bays while the wind-induced drifting and resuspension effects could be more important in the other parts of the lake. Given that the water depth of the bays was relatively larger than that of the other parts, the drifting and mixing effects were likely dominant in the bays, as indicated by the negative relationships between the ratios of wind speed to lake depth, which can be a surrogate for the vertical distribution of wind-induced shear stress and the TN, TP and Chl-a concentration. Moreover, the decreasing temporal trend of wind speed in combination with the ongoing anthropogenic activities will likely increase the challenge for dealing with the eutrophication problem of Lake Tai.

The Trojan Horse of Corporate Integration

The U.S. Senate Finance Committee has invested significant resources, including hearings and staff reports, to make the case for an unusual form of corporate dividend integration – a corporate dividends-paid deduction, combined with a universal shareholder dividend withholding tax collected from the firm. This proposal would not reduce the cash tax outlays of U.S. corporations in respect of distributed or retained earnings. It would not reduce the aggregate tax burdens imposed on most shareholders, and in many plausible circumstances would raise those tax costs. It is a poorly targeted response to design weaknesses in the U.S. international corporate tax system. Its efficiency gains are undeveloped and largely overstated.This unusual form of dividend integration is really designed to offer U.S. firms a quick and dirty form of costless corporate tax reform, in which their financial accounting effective tax rate decreases, but for entirely artificial reasons. It also would offer U.S. multinational firms the ability to repatriate their permanently reinvested earnings held in foreign subsidiaries and redistribute those sums to shareholders without a nominal corporate income tax charge for financial accounting purposes, but at the cost to shareholders of raising their all-in burdens beyond what could be expected in broad-scale corporate tax reform.The dividends-paid form of dividend integration has been wheeled forward in the manner of a true Trojan horse, seemingly offering a free gift of the end of double taxation, but all the while containing in its belly the agenda of U.S. multinationals desperate to record lower effective tax rates for financial statement purposes, and to escape from under the mountain of offshore earnings that are the result of their own aggressive stateless income gaming.

人工管理和自然驱动下盐城海滨湿地互花米草沼泽演变及空间差异

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 人工管理和自然驱动下盐城海滨湿地互花米草沼泽演变及空间差异 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201205050649 作者: 作者单位: 南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京师范大学地理科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41071119);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(10KJA170029) Spatiotemporal characteristics of Spartina alterniflora marsh change in the coastal wetlands of Yancheng caused by natural processes and human activities Author: Affiliation: College of Geography, Nanjing Normal University;College of Urban and Resource Environment , YanCheng Teachers University,College of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:将盐城国家级自然保护区核心区划分为人工管理区和自然湿地区两种模式,根据2000年、2006年、2011年3个时相的ETM+影像,运用RS、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,分析不同驱动力下互花米草沼泽景观变化的差异。结果表明:(1)人工管理区,2000-2011年,互花米草沼泽面积由272hm2增加到781hm2;平均分维数呈下降的趋势,聚合度指数呈上升的趋势,表明互花米草沼泽在空间上趋于聚集,在形状上趋于规则;从互花米草沼泽增长速率看,2000-2011年,呈现先快后慢的特征。在景观空间演变上,互花米草沼泽的平均宽度从598.679m增加到1719.002m,表现出向海陆两个方向扩张的特征。(2)自然湿地区,2000-2011年互花米草沼泽面积由2023hm2增加到3974hm2;平均分维数和聚合度指数呈先上升后下降的趋势;米草沼泽增长稳定,年增长约160-180 hm2/a,单位长度岸线年增长面积约为15hm2·km-1·a-1左右;比较发现,自然湿地区互花米草沼泽的增长速度高于人工管理区的增长速度。在景观空间演变上,互花米草沼泽平均宽度从1625.586m增加到3193.317m,2000-2006年表现出向海洋单方向扩张的特征,2006-2011年表现出向海陆两个方向扩张的性质。(3)在自然条件下互花米草沼泽扩张受到气候、地貌过程、水文过程、植被类型及种间竞争的影响,表现出明显的带状特征。在人工管理下,通过建设拦水堤坝等,阻止了潮汐作用下海水的扩散能力,生态过程发生改变,致使生态系统类型向淡水湿地方向演变,抑制了互花米草沼泽的扩张,表现出一定的镶嵌格局。 Abstract:As Landscape changes have been the most significant feature of the coastal wetland, we focused on the core area of Yancheng Nature Reserve in the research. Basing on the type of landscape change, we divided this area into two parts: change in the northern area which was characterized as from human activities, and that in the southern area characterized as from natural causes. Using remote sensing digitized data from 2000, 2006 and 2011, and applying GIS techniques and methods of landscape ecology, we analyzed the differences between the temporal and spatial changes in landscape pattern caused by natural and artificial reasons. The result showed us that from the following three aspects. Firstly, in the District by human activities, from the year 2000 to 2011, the area of S.alterniflora marsh increased from 272hm2 to 781hm2; the average dimension tended to decline while the polymerization index showed an increasing tendency, which means the S.alterniflora marsh tended to gather in space and to be regular in pattern form; the growth rate of S.alterniflora marsh first appeared quick and then slow. In terms of spatial landscape evolution, the S.alterniflora marsh extended in both seaside and landside, with its width increasing from 598.679m to 1719.002m. Secondly, in the District by natural processes, from 2000 to 2011, on one hand, the area of S.alterniflora marsh increased from 20230hm2 to 39740hm2. On the other hand, the average dimension and polymerization index appeared a decline trend after initial ascent. And thus, the growth rate of S.alterniflora marsh was stable at the speed of 160-180 hm2/a annually while the coastline increased 15hm2·km-1·a-1 per unit length annually. By comparison, during 2000 to 2011, the growth rate of S.alterniflora marsh in natural wetland district was higher than that in the manual management district. In terms of spatial landscape evolution, the width of S.alterniflora marsh increased from 1625.586m to 3193.317m, as it extended to seaside direction from 2000 to 2006 while in both seaside and landside directions from 2006 to 2011. Thirdly, by natural processes, the expansion of S.alterniflora marsh was influenced by the climate, geomorphic processes, hydrological processes, vegetation pattern and competition between species, as a result, it appeared strong zonal characteristic. By human activities, the ecological process changed as the expansion power of seawater was affected,with the dam being blocked.Consequently, the ecological system evolved towards the freshwater wetland and furthermore it restrained the expansion of S.alterniflora marsh, which present inlay pattern to a certain degree. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Hierarchical models for smoothed population indices: The importance of considering variations in trends of count data among sites

Population indices quantify changes in relative population sizes, which underpin much of basic ecology and conservation science. However, temporal changes in population counts may vary among survey sites for both ecological and artificial reasons, confounding existing population indices estimated without accounting for such variations. We created a smoothed hierarchical model, and compared its performance against the conventional approaches (generalized linear models and generalized additive models) and a non-smoothed hierarchical model using simulation data with a known nonlinear trend. The smoothed hierarchical model always estimated population indices with the best accuracy and precision; the performance of other models deteriorated substantially with increasing variation in trends of population counts among sites, causing inaccurate estimation of population growth rates. The estimated variations in trends of population counts among sites for 233 out of 518 North American breeding bird species were larger than the value used in the simulation where there was a considerable difference in the performance between hierarchical models and the conventional approaches. These estimated variations in trends of population counts among sites were particularly large in gregarious waterbirds. These results suggest that the smoothed hierarchical model developed in this study should play an important role in accurately assessing population indices, particularly for gregarious waterbirds, using count data from large-scale, long-term surveys in the field.

Statistical analysis in Turkish chromite mining

Many of the techniques developed by mathematical statisticians for the analysis of data are used in the control of product quality. Statistical Process Control (SPC) may be used to cover all uses of statistical techniques for this purpose. However, it often relates particularly to four separate but related techniques that constitute the most common working statistical tools in quality control. One important tool in statistical quality control is the Shewhart control chart. Control schemes are the most widely known and used methods among SPC methods. They can be used to determine whether the differences in quality resulted from coincidences of operation conditions or from artificial reasons for which the source can be determined. The aim of this study is the determination of the lower, upper and central control limits of chromite concentrates obtained from Mikromaden Co., Akmetal Co. and Pinar Mining Co. in the Aladag mountain region of Adana, in Turkey.

The application of statistical process control

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is applied to evaluate collected data and to produce solutions by utilising statistical techniques. All the procedures, such as the collection, summary, and the evaluation of the results are known as Statistical Methods. Statistics assists in process control as in many other areas. The complicated nature of production methods and product structure often inhibits efforts to obtain good quality and standard products. Statistics is a basic means to the solution of such problems. Control schemes are the mostly widely known and used methods among Statistical Process Control methods. The first rough drafts are named after Shewhart, who prepared them in 1924. Control schemes can be used to determine whether the differences in quality resulted from coincidences of operation conditions or from artificial reasons of which the source can be determined. The aims of this study are the determination of the lower and upper control limits, and process capability indices, of concentrates obtained from Etibank Bigadic colemanite and ulexite Mine-Work. Investigations aimed to show whether a difference in the quality of the concentrates is due to run of mine ore, equipment, labour or environment.