Artificial Obstacles Research Articles

Selected issues of hydropneumatic suspension design for a high-speed tracked vehicle.

The effective operation of high-speed tracked vehicles in a combat vehicle configuration depends primarily on the correct identification of the expected operating conditions, already in the design or modernisation phase. This applies to both terrain, meteorological and climatic conditions. This approach considers the most unfavourable driving conditions and the level of dynamic loads acting on the vehicle hull, crew and equipment when making calculations. The dominant source of dynamic loads is movement at high speed on unpaved roads, off-road and when overcoming natural and artificial terrain obstacles of a predetermined or random nature. An important system responsible for the safety and reliability of this type of vehicle is the suspension. An appropriate design of the suspension parameters allows to reduce the negative dynamic loads (research hypothesis). The aim of the research was to develop a preliminary project of an initial suspension element – a hydropneumatic spring for a high-speed tracked vehicle - that allows minimising dynamic loads. The study used both theoretical and empirical research methods, including analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, comparison and inference. The paper presents selected issues from the suspension design process for a high-speed tracked vehicle equipped with a hydropneumatic suspension. The problem was solved in three stages. In the first stage, the design of the hydropneumatic suspension unit, placed in the control arm, was made and the basic parameters were selected. In the second, the spring characteristic of the hydropneumatic unit was determined on the example of a hypothetical vehicle with assumed tactical and technical parameters. In the third stage, the strength of the control arm structure, under the heaviest load conditions, was checked using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The results obtained showed that the advantages of the hydropneumatic suspension, such as: progressive spring characteristics, improved vibration damping, possibility of introducing a semi-active or active suspension system, modularity of the structure and ease of maintenance and repair, make it more and more widely used in modern high-speed tracked vehicles.

NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS' IMPACT ON URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF AIN BEIDA CITY, ALGERIA

The city of Ain Beida struggles with a complex interplay of natural and technical characteristics that significantly influence its urban development, environmental quality, and overall sustainability. The city's natural components present both opportunities and challenges for urban planning and development. This paper explores the impacts of these factors on urban development and environmental quality. Additionally, it delves into the consequences of natural characteristics on urban development policies, addressing the dilemma between preserving green spaces and the imperative for urban expansion. Artificial obstacles pose challenges to urban expansion and impact security, as well as overall environmental health. Furthermore, the paper discusses the risks associated with natural and technological elements emphasising the importance of safety measures and emergency response protocols. The urban development policies of Ain Beida have undergone a shift primarily driven by limited land availability. Urban densification, aimed at optimizing land use, has been adopted, but it comes with environmental trade-offs. Considering the challenges and opportunities identified, the paper concludes with a set of recommendations.

The study of problems and priority areas for improving procurement in health care

Public procurement in the healthcare system (HCS) is a key factor in ensuring the viability of medical institutions and the quality of medical and pharmaceutical care they provide. The problem of improving the public procurement system has not lost its relevance in recent years, but it is considered mainly in the theoretical and applied aspect. Sociological research (questionnaire) as an effective tool for collecting information allows to explore the opinion of professionals who directly procure essential medicines, medical devices (MDs) and other equipment on the problems that are associated with the procurement planning and conducting processes. It will also help to identify possible ways to improve the efficiency of procurement in the healthcare system, in particular under martial law. The purpose of the study is to investigate the state and problems of organizing centralized and decentralized public procurement of medicines and medical devices, as well as to identify priority areas for their improvement. The survey made it possible to determine the current state and key problems in the sector of medical procurement at different levels of healthcare provision. The survey showed that the most commonly procured medicines, medical devices, reagents, test systems, and medical equipment are the most frequently used. When forming a need, the majority of respondents (84.4%) operate flexibly, depending on the situation, 9.4% use the consumption method, and 6.2% use the incidence method. At the same time, 56.3% of respondents are based on available financial resources, 25% rely on the list of medicines. The survey made it possible to identify the problems that arise in public procurement. These are, first of all, restrictions on procurement according to the National List (56.3%), non-fulfillment/violation of contract terms (18.8%), and creation of artificial obstacles (12.5%). If necessary, procurement of medicines not included in the National List is guided by protocols, state or local formularies. According to the survey, 50% of respondents emphasize the creation of a single list, while 6.3% of respondents are strongly against it. The areas of improvement of the public procurement system proposed by the respondents relate primarily to the regulatory framework (simplification and systematization, stability of the regulatory framework, in particular, regulatory lists; raising thresholds and expanding procurement through the e-catalog; expanding the use of non-price criteria; improving the procedures for procurement of high-value equipment and innovative medical technologies.

The technique for approximation of three-dimensional surfaces in order to synthesize algorithms for preventing aircraft collisions with obstacles

The work marks the beginning of the practical application of algorithms for making the aircraft recovery maneuver from three-dimensional constraint surfaces, which are a combination of terrain and artificial obstacles. An analysis of events leading to aviation accidents was carried out, and a comparison of on-board systems for preliminary notification of aircraft crews about collisions with natural or artificial obstacles was made. It is shown that such systems are insufficient due to their passive-recommendatory nature of issuing warnings. A question has been raised about the need to implement an active automatic collision avoidance system with spatial obstacles. In order to apply existing algorithms for the aircraft recovery maneuver from spatial constraint surfaces, a technique has been developed for approximating three-dimensional surfaces (obstacles) specified on a digital terrain map in the form of discrete height readings with a certain step on a coordinate grid. A paraboloid of revolution was chosen as a continuous 2nd order surface approximating the obstacle, and its characteristic parameters were determined. To determine the characteristic parameters of the paraboloid, an algorithm for determining the intersection of a three-dimensional surface and a plane, based on the principle of determining the intersection of triangles in space, as well as a method for selecting the inflection point of the terrain, based on determining the value of the terrain height gradient, are proposed for use. The construction of an approximating paraboloid using the example of a natural obstacle in the form of a mountain range is given. When synthesizing algorithms for preventing collisions of aircraft with obstacles, the need to take into account not only the parameters of the constraint surfaces and dynamic characteristics of aircraft, but also the accuracy characteristics of data sources about their position is noted. Promising application areas of the developed methodology are shown.

Behavioral transition of a fish school in a crowded environment.

In open water, social fish gather to form schools, in which fish generally align with each other. In this work, we study how this social behavior evolves when perturbed by artificial obstacles. We measure the behavior of a group of zebrafish in the presence of a periodic array of pillars. When the pillar density is low, the fish regroup with a typical interdistance and a well-polarized state with parallel orientations, similarly to their behavior in open-water conditions. Above a critical density of pillars, their social interactions, which are mostly based on vision, are screened and the fish spread randomly through the aquarium, orienting themselves along the free axes of the pillar lattice. The abrupt transition from natural to artificial orientation happens when the pillar interdistance is comparable to the social distance of the fish, i.e., their most probable interdistance. We develop a stochastic model of the relative orientation between fish pairs, taking into account alignment, antialignment, and tumbling, from a distribution biased by the environment. This model provides a good description of the experimental probability distribution of the relative orientation between the fish and captures the behavioral transition. Using the model to fit the experimental data provides qualitative information on the evolution of cognitive parameters, such as the alignment or the tumbling rates, as the pillar density increases. At high pillar density, we find that the artificial environment imposes its geometrical constraints to the fish school, drastically increasing the tumbling rate.

Criminal Record as Personal Data and the Basis of General Legal Restrictions

Relevance. The issues related to the phenomenon of criminal record as special personal data of a citizen, the availability of information about the conviction of a person and ensuring their safety are considered. The article analyzes the positions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation, courts of general jurisdiction regarding the reflection of a criminal record in certificates of absence of a criminal record and (or) the fact of criminal prosecution or on the termination of criminal prosecution by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation upon its repayment or withdrawal.The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions aimed at deepening scientific knowledge about criminal record as a negative consequence, expressed in the creation of general legal restrictions not based on law for a convicted person by the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on the provision of public services for the issuance of criminal record certificates dated 09/27/2019 № 660.Objectives: to analyze the decisions of the Constitutional and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reviews of judicial practice, court decisions on cases challenging the provisions of the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, to identify and comprehend the restrictions created by it for persons whose criminal record has been removed or extinguished.Methodology. The article actively uses the methods of theoretical research (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction), as well as formal legal, system-analytical methods, documentary, as well as the method of generalization of judicial practice.The results of the study are theoretical and applied in nature and contain proposals for solving problems related to a citizen's criminal record, when it is repaid or withdrawn, when general legal restrictions, among other things, are the result of gaps in the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The necessity of changing its wording is argued.Conclusion. The state and the law enforcement officer have not comprehended the socially dangerous consequences of decisions on the compliance of departmental acts that create artificial obstacles to the exercise of labor, electoral, social and other rights by ex-convicts to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal legislation.

Prospects of using functional training in the process of physical training of cadets

The professional activity of military personnel is always associated with high risk, which includes both psychological aspects and physical aspects. Work experience confirms that the quality of mastering combat techniques for use in extreme conditions depends on the level of development of mental preparedness and endurance. Including elements of functional training in physical training can significantly contribute to the development of endurance, strength, coordination, and psychological stability. Endurance as a physical quality is characterized by the ability to perform tasks for a long time. Modern conditions in which military personnel perform their tasks, despite the presence of the latest military equipment and vehicles, require them to have a high level of development of this quality in order to carry out foot crossings, overcome areas of terrain with various artificial and natural obstacles. In the course of functional training, strength endurance is developed, which allows you to perform physical tasks for a long period of time. This can be especially useful in military service or other situations where it is necessary to maintain a high level of physical activity for a long time.
 The basic idea of functional training is to use exercises that activate many muscle groups at the same time and imitate movement patterns that can be encountered in everyday life or during sports activities.
 Functional training also improves cardiovascular endurance by increasing the efficiency of the cardiovascular system and the body's ability to work at an elevated heart rate. Such training may include elements of exercises with weights, a functional simulator, aerobics and other forms of physical activity aimed at comprehensive development. This method of training can be useful for improving general physical fitness, particularly in the context of military-professional activities, as it promotes the development of functional strength endurance and adaptive readiness for various physical challenges.

Legal procedure and human rights

The problem of modern law is the well-founded establishment of legal procedures in the field of human rights and their adequate legal regulation. Unreasonable complication of procedures, lack of clarity of their regulation in the law leads to weakening of opportunities for the realization of human rights and negatively affects the legal protection of a person in society. Procedures for the realization of individual human rights in a democratic society can become complex in favor of public safety, ensuring and protecting the rights and freedoms of other citizens. In particular, political rights and freedoms are important for individuals and for society as a whole, require taking into account the interests of various subjects and emphasize the need to coordinate these interests to prevent possible negative political consequences and violations of the rights and freedoms of other citizens. Human rights are directly related to the interests of both an individual and many other subjects. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive combination and coordination of various interests, since a different level of legal awareness and responsibility of an individual can cause adverse consequences, harm the rights and freedoms of other citizens. Therefore, human rights require a special implementation mechanism, which includes various types of implementation procedures (initiative, procedural and legal), and even special law-enforcement procedures (state registration procedure, permit-licensing procedure, representative procedure, and others), which increase and help ensure efficiency and the legality of the process of their implementation. Legal procedures for the realization of human rights in a democratic society must meet a number of requirements: be socially justified and comply with the principles of democracy and the supremacy of human rights; be sufficient and understandable for the subject; to be fixed at the level of law and to contain a minimum of restrictive and blanket norms that generate unnecessary by-law rule-making; not to create artificial obstacles to the exercise of rights during implementation; correspond to the content of the rights for which they are established; to be provided legally, organizationally, materially.

Numerical Study of the Effect of Artificial Obstacles on the Occurrence of Hurricane-Force Wind Gusts during the Bora

Numerical Study of the Effect of Artificial Obstacles on the Occurrence of Hurricane-Force Wind Gusts during the Bora

Investigating and Modeling of the Scour Downstream of a Tree Trunk Deflector in a Straight Channel

Scouring depends on several factors, including the water flow of artificial obstacles, sections, piers, and foundations, the disturbance of bed materials, and soil permeability. The other factors are the non-parallelism between piers and the water flow, the type of river activity (static or dynamic), and the existence of a waterfall or an obstacle that forms a waterfall in natural bed materials, causing the underlying bed materials to be washed away. This study fully investigated how the movement of a tree trunk affects a river’s flow by considering different flow conditions using the artificial neural network (ANN) model. A feedforward optimal network with the error back-propagation training algorithm and sigmoid transfer functions was used for four models. To determine the number of neurons in the hidden layer, one and ten neurons were selected in the hidden layer according to verification indicators. In addition, a physical model was utilized to measure data. To verify and test the models, our data were gathered in a laboratory using the physical model. Considering the network structure of one neuron in the hidden layer, a comparison was made between dimensional and dimensionless parameter models that are effective in terms of the dimensions of the scour hole. The comparison between the results of the ANN and the measured data using nonlinear regression models demonstrated that the ANN was more accurate and capable of simulating phenomena. Additionally, R and RMSE values were between 0.93 and 0.98, as well as 0.18 and 0.013, respectively. Finally, the results related to the width, height, length, and depth of the scour revealed that the modified DOT model had the best agreement with Mahdavizadeh’s measured data.

Analysis of the existing approaches to in-flight aircraft rerouting

Currently, the large number of aircraft accidents is associated with the loss of control in flight and a controlled flight into terrain. It frequently occurs due to a change of flight conditions, relatively which a preparation for departure was carried out, and involves the necessity to reroute efficiently in the conditions of increased psychophysiological load and time constraint for decisionmaking. Generated thunderstorm cells on route, artificial or natural obstacles, not considered while planning a route, can result in amending a flight plan, which was earlier accepted and implemented in the automatic, flight director or manual modes of control. The lack of comprehensive situational awareness is fairly a frequent cause of aviation accidents for general aviation aircraft. Aviation accidents of transport category aircraft are typically associated with incorrect crew actions when dangerous flight zones are detected along the route. The article represents an overview and analyzes modern onboard facilities to detect obstacles, as well as required pilot actions to reroute a flight for in-flight detected obstacle avoidance. The current level of avionics development provides situational awareness necessary for obstacles avoidance but requires timely, correct and sometimes non-obvious flight crew rerouting decisions. The algorithms used with robotic packages of various applications in related fields ensure the automatic rerouting for obstacle avoidance. They cannot be directly used or adapted for the implementation on board an aircraft due to the lack of consideration for aircraft specific features when obstacle avoidance routing, i.e., restrictions of control parameters (an angle of attack, overload, roll angle), capabilities of a control system (available rate of overload, available and maximally allowable angular rolling velocity, etc.). Therefore, the issue to develop a system to support pilot decisions for obstacle avoidance is relevant. It encompasses the synthesis of safe alternatives for obstacle avoidance which are optimal by a pilot-assigned criterion (minimum loss of time, minimum additional fuel consumption, etc.).

УКРАЇНА – РЕСПУБЛІКА КОРЕЯ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗОВНІШНЬОТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН

The paper focuses on the analysis of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and The Republic of Korea. The long-term trend of trade cooperation between the countries indicates the discrepancy between economic potentials and the modest indicators of trade in goods and services, as well as Ukraine's negative balance in bilateral foreign economic relations. The objective of the study is to highlight the current state, problems and prospects for the development of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and The Republic of Korea, which allows to prioritize the challenges that hinder the development of trade and economic relations between the two countries. Special attention is paid to overcoming institutional barriers and artificial obstacles by developing high moral and ethical values and eliminating the corruption component in Ukrainian society. It is justified that the current global economic crisis has demonstrated the deep gap between the material sphere and moral principles. It is emphasized that the crisis is global not only in the geographical aspect, but also in the substantive and systemic aspects since it is not only and not so much of economic nature as of axiological, thus in general can be defined as the economic-spiritual. It has been proven that overcoming the current crisis requires not only new economic mechanisms, but also new approaches that take into account spiritual, moral and other human values.

Numerical modeling of internal flows in tanks with baffles

The proposed article presents the materials of experimental and mathematical studies of internal inertial flows of an incompressible liquid during its fluctuations in tanks. An analysis of modern problems related to the harmful effect of liquid resonant splashing on tank structures, as well as on the trajectory and nature of the object movement itself with the liquid, was carried out. The use of damping baffles and guide devices in similar closed flows allows to fundamentally change the structure of internal flows, reducing gradients of shock pressures in flows, as well as redistributing the main liquid inertial effects. Numerical modeling of such flows qualitatively confirms the results of experimental studies and allows us to build a rather complex three-dimensional development picture of fluctuations in fluid flows. In addition to the use of the damping baffles structures, it is proposed to make the plane of baffles perforated with different degrees of permeability due to the diameter of the holes and their number. The effect of hydraulic resistance occurs when flow energy is lost due to overcoming artificial obstacles in the form of holes of small diameter. Thus, the shock effects of the flow on the walls of the tank are predicted to have a smaller amplitude and duration. The use of the proposed dampers labyrinth structures allows to control the force effects of the liquid only by hydraulic means and thus reduce the number and dimensions of the internal guide devices.

Numerical study of the effect of artificial obstacles on the occurrence of hurricane-force wind gusts during bora

На основе численного решения двумерных уравнений газовой динамики в переменных Эйлера с учетом гравитации моделируется развитие турбулентных атмосферных процессов, сопутствующих ветрам бора. Параметры рассматриваемой математической модели характерны для бухты Новороссийска, где при боре наблюдаются порывы ветра ураганной силы, зачастую приводящие к катастрофическим последствиям. Демонстрируется принципиальная возможность возведения инженерных сооружений, позволяющих значительно понизить интенсивность порывов ветра.

Розвиток витривалості юних спортсменів 12-13 років у велотуризмі на початковому етапі підготовки

Мета дослідження – розробити і обгрунтувати комплексну методику розвитку витривалості школярів середніх класів засобами велотуризму. Матеріал і методи. В даному дослідженні приймали участь велотуристи 12-13 років Липкуватіської загально–освітньої школи l-lll ступенів (9 спортсменів склали експериментальну групу, 9 – контрольну). Для визначення функціональних можливостей школярів середніх класів застосовувались наступні проби і тести: Гарвардський степ-тест, проба Штанге, проба Генчі, проба Серкіна. Розроблено методику розвитку витривалості, яка передбачає застосовування комплексу засобів велотуризму. Комплекс складається з 2-х частин: комплексна дистанція «тріал і фігурне водіння велосипеда» і велопохід. Тріал являє собою дистанцію довжиною 100-200 м. з природними та штучними перешкодами (крутий схил; яр; піщані; заболочені та інші важкопрохідні дільниці; струмки; калюжі; стовбури дерев, що лежать, тощо) по вузькому коридору (до 1,5м), утвореному природними і штучними обмеженнями (стрічки між деревами або стійками тощо). Фігурне водіння велосипеда передбачає застосування наступних перешкод: «Щілина», «Змійка між стійками», «Коридор», «Колія», «Коло», «Вісімка», «Ворота», «Кільце», «Перенесення предмету», «Зигзаг», «Гойдалка», «Змійка між фішками», «Стоп-лінія. Фініш». Особливістю походу є те, що окрем розвитку витривалості, він вирішував завдання виховного та освтнього характеру шляхом ознайомлення з цікавими місцями Слобожанщини, зустрічами з цікавими людьми тощо. Результати. Показано, що авторська методика комплексного розвитку витривалості, що поєднує засоби фігурного вождіння та велопоходу, є більш ефективною у порівнянні з традиційною методикою розвитку витривалості школярів середніх класів, яка містить виключно подолання дистанцій; виявлено, що застосування комплексної методики розвитку витривалості школярів середніх класів сприяє підвищенню часу затримки дихання за пробами Штанге, Генчі, Серкіна, а також зменшенню ЧСС спокою, ЧСС після стандартного навантаження та підвищенню якості відновлення працездатності. Висновок. Розроблена методика може застосовуватись в підготовці юних велотуристів.

Case Study of a Korean Archaeological Survey using LiDAR

Among the international community of archaeologists, a number of studies have been reported on applied LiDAR technique for archaeological research with findings of significant implications. However, there have been few reports on archaeological studies using LiDAR in South Korea. Although there were studies of reconstruction and restoration of damaged mountain fortress walls or past topographic features using aerial archeology, there have been no tangible research outcomes using LiDAR to date.</br>Archaeological research with LiDAR technology allows for the identification of the shapes of remains or relics located in remote places or in the middle of a deep forest. In particular, the advantage of LiDAR data that allows observation of specific objects such as buildings on the ground in a physical environment even in the presence of various shapes of natural and artificial obstacles is a useful feature that can be effectively exploited considering the topographical characteristics of South Korea where 75% of the nation’s land area is covered by mountains. When considering the topographical characteristics of South Korea, where 75% of the nation’s land area is covered by mountains, LiDAR can be of particular use since it allows for the observation of specific objects such as building on the ground in a physical environment, even in the presence of various natural and artificial obstacles.</br>However, remote sensing technologies including LiDAR have not been widely implemented in Korean archeological research. Remote sensing technology, which assures the scientific and objective basis of research, is still an unfamiliar field for many Korean archeologists.</br>With this background, we conducted a pilot study using LiDAR. Remote was performed by applying a range of image visualization techniques based on LiDAR data acquired from around the Seseong Mountain Fortress. Various filters for visualization were applied to the results of our analysis to verify the representation of a detailed expression of the natural topography or artificial objects.</br>In recent trends, remote sensing technology is actively applied in the global archaeological community through an integration with satellite imagery or AI technology. It is expected that the utilization of these technologies will enable archaeological surveys in remote and isolated areas such as the DMZ or North Korea.

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF PUBLIC CONTROL IN THE LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE PREVENTION OF PENITENTIARY CRIME IN UKRAINE

This scientific article analyzes the potential social and legal possibilities of public control in the preventive sphere of activity related to the prevention of the commission of recidivist criminal acts by those sentenced to deprivation of liberty in the process of execution. In addition, based on the results of the research and the problems identified in this regard, scientifically based ways of their elimination and improvement of the existing legal mechanism of public control in the sphere of execution of punishments of Ukraine have been developed. In particular, it was found that the administration of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments, guided by the principle of non-interference of the public in their operational and service activities, create various artificial obstacles to objective social monitoring on issues of prevention of crimes by convicts in closed penal institutions, the exclusive list of which is fixed in the law, new (recidivist) criminal offenses. It was also established that from the time of Ukraine's independence (from 1991) to the present (2022) at the official level, it is stated that recurrent crime, including its penitentiary component, is one of the real threats to national security. Moreover, the specified determinant has an extremely negative effect on the effectiveness of the execution process - the serving of punishments, as well as on the implementation of the goals and objectives of the criminal enforcement legislation of Ukraine defined in the law.

Freedom and Agency in The Second Sex

Freedom and Agency in <i>The Second Sex</i>

Linear manipulator: Motion control of an n-link robotic arm mounted on a mobile slider

Linear manipulators are versatile linear robotics systems that can be reprogrammed to accommodate product changes quickly and are flexible to meet unique requirements. Such robotic systems tend to have higher accuracy, making them the perfect automation solution for those mundane, repetitious tasks. With the demand for linear systems in real-life applications expanding consistently, this paper addresses motion planning and control (MPC) of a new modified unanchored linear manipulator consisting of an n-link robotic arm mounted on a mobile slider along a rail. Using the method of the Lyapunov-based Control Scheme (LbCS), new centralized acceleration-based controllers are designed for the navigation of the system to an unreachable target. Via the scheme, the unanchored manipulator can perform assigned tasks with enhanced reachability. The limitations and singularities of the linear manipulator are treated as artificial obstacles in this motion control scheme. The robotic arm manipulator utilized in this research can reposition its base link to a desired location in the workplace due to changes in work requirements. The effectiveness of the motion planner and the resulting acceleration-based control laws are validated numerically using the Runge-Kutta Method and illustrated via computer simulations. The controllers devised in this research can solve specific and targeted motion control problems of smart cities' modern mechanical systems. The unanchored linear manipulator could be used in various disciplines where pick-and-place, assembly, material handling, and surgical procedures are required.

Main components of physical training and formation of self-defense skills of students’ majority «Law enforcement activities»

The article provides a brief analysis of the main components of physical training and self-defense skills of students majoring in Law Enforcement. Particular attention is focused on the tactics of self-defense and personal safety of future employees of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine. The purpose and tasks of the educational discipline “ Physical training and self-defense skills ” are substantiated. The system of physical training and formation of self-defense skills of students majoring in “ Law enforcement ” includes: general physical training (gymnastics, athletics, running, marching throws, etc.) and special physical training (mastering techniques of physical impact and special actions, skills to overcome individual artificial and natural obstacles, special obstacle courses, performing special exercises). The principles of special physical training as a component of the professional training of law enforcement officers, which contributes to the achievement of objective readiness for effective professional actions with minimal risk to one's own life and health, are defined. Defined types, methods of implementation, directions of physical exertion in order to adapt the body to physical exertion. Adaptation of the body to physical exertion is manifested in the improvement of various functions of the body that provide muscle activity and, as a result, in the increase in the level of physical fitness of those who do it. It is noted that during classes, most of the students' physical training tasks are solved by using general impact loads. However, using exercises of partial and local impact, such shifts in the functional state of the body are achieved that are impossible when using loads of general impact. The intensity of performing exercises in classes is characterized by the degree of intensity of activity of various functional systems of the body during its performance. Intensity is closely related to the speed of movement, density in duels and skirmishes, duels.