Artificial Noise Research Articles

Constellation Superposition and Artificial Noise Against Interior and Exterior Eavesdropping in Bidirectional Untrusted Relaying Systems

Constellation Superposition and Artificial Noise Against Interior and Exterior Eavesdropping in Bidirectional Untrusted Relaying Systems

Intermittent Artificial Noise Assisted Covert Cooperative Backscatter Communication With Residual Hardware Impairments

Intermittent Artificial Noise Assisted Covert Cooperative Backscatter Communication With Residual Hardware Impairments

Analysis of Transceiver RF Impairments on Artificial Noise Suppression in Frequency-Hopping Systems

Analysis of Transceiver RF Impairments on Artificial Noise Suppression in Frequency-Hopping Systems

Pilot-Based Codebook Non-Orthogonal Artificial Noise Schemes for Physical Layer Security: Secrecy Capacity Optimization Under Unknown Eavesdropper Channels

Pilot-Based Codebook Non-Orthogonal Artificial Noise Schemes for Physical Layer Security: Secrecy Capacity Optimization Under Unknown Eavesdropper Channels

Dual-Functional Artificial Noise (DFAN) Aided Robust Covert Communications in Integrated Sensing and Communications

Dual-Functional Artificial Noise (DFAN) Aided Robust Covert Communications in Integrated Sensing and Communications

Artificial Noise aided Directional Modulation: A Transmitter Architecture Perspective

Artificial Noise aided Directional Modulation: A Transmitter Architecture Perspective

Securing the Sensing Functionality in ISAC Networks: An Artificial Noise Design

Securing the Sensing Functionality in ISAC Networks: An Artificial Noise Design

Employing Artificial Noise for Secure NOMA-Aided UAV Transmissions

Employing Artificial Noise for Secure NOMA-Aided UAV Transmissions

Diffusion-assisted quantum noise stream cipher for physical layer security in UFMC

Universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) is a promising multicarrier technologies due to its ability to suppress inter symbol interference, increase frequency band utilization and provide flexible adaptation. However, it is vulnerable to illegal eavesdropping in the point-to-multipoint access transmission. Quantum noise stream cipher (QNSC), a classical physical layer encryption scheme, is inherent matched with the UFMC system. However, its security mainly depends on the length of the basis states, which is limited by the performance of commercial high-speed digital-to-analog converters (DACs). In this work, we propose a diffusion-assisted quantum noise stream cipher (DA-QNSC) scheme to enhance the security. Here, we introduce artificial noise generated by hyperchaotic system to pseudo expand the distribution of quantum noise, which will make it more difficult for eavesdroppers to crack plaintext information violently. We experimentally demonstrate the encrypted 16/4096-QAM, 16/16384-QAM, 16/65536-QAM DA-QNSC signals over 30-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission. Compared to the conventional QNSC systems, the proposed method achieves a 3.6 times improvement in the security with the same DAC resolution and has negligible impact on bit error ratio (BER) performance. For the 16/65536-QAM signal, the number of masked symbols (NMS) are increased from 910 to 3270.

Performance Analysis of Artificial Noise-Assisted Location-Based Beamforming in Rician Wiretap Channels.

This paper studies the performance of location-based beamforming with the presence of artificial noise (AN). Secure transmission can be achieved using the location information of the user. However, the shape of the beam depends on the number of antennas used. When the scale of the antenna array is not sufficiently large, it becomes difficult to differentiate the performance between the legitimate user and eavesdroppers nearby. In this paper, we leverage AN to minimize the area near the user with eavesdropping risk. The impact of AN is considered for both the legitimate user and the eavesdropper. Closed-form expressions are derived for the expectations of the signal to interference plus noise ratios (SINRs) and the bit error rates. Then, a secure beamforming scheme is proposed to ensure a minimum SINR requirement for the legitimate user and minimize the SINR of the eavesdropper. Numerical results show that, even with a small number of antennas, the proposed beamforming scheme can effectively degrade the performance of eavesdroppers near the legitimate user.

Bayesian estimation of glacier surface elevation changes from DEMs

Accurate estimates of glacier surface elevation changes are paramount for various aspects of the study of the cryosphere, from glacier flow and thickness estimates to hydrological forecasts and projections of sea-level-rise. We present a novel probabilistic framework to filter outliers and estimate uncertainties in glacier surface elevation changes computed from the subtraction of digital elevation models (DEM). Our methodology frames outlier filtering as a Bayesian inference problem, thus characterizing the state of knowledge on glacier surface elevation changes through the posterior distribution as the combination of glacier volume variation observations and prior knowledge arising from previously collected data and/or modeled results. We validate this technique with experiments using Gaussian random fields to generate artificial noise in glacier surface elevation variation observations and show that the model satisfactorily culls the simulated outliers. Surface elevation change estimates are consistent with results computed from widely-used outlier filtering and uncertainty estimation techniques. The Bayesian framework allows unifying DEM error models with physical considerations on glacier surface elevation changes within a simple, statistically coherent model preventing temporal correlation and additional biases in other techniques. On the basis of these results, we discuss the implications of DEM uncertainty and offer suggestions for the glaciological community.

An Algorithm Design for a Secure Full Duplex Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access in Wireless Communication System

In this article, a new Component-Forward (CF) cooperative communication algorithm is proposed for Full Duplex Modulation-based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access and is referred as FD-MNOMA. The FD-MNOMA prevents security issues in the FD mode of a cooperative communication system, where a near user assists a far user to receive a better quality of signal. For further improving the security issues, Artificial Noise (AN) is also added to the signal and called it FA-MNOMA. In this article, the secrecy capacity equation is derived for the FA-MNOMA algorithm. Performance evaluation shows that FA-MNOMA and FD-MNOMA outperforms the traditional NOMA. The secrecy capacity of FA-MNOMA is further optimized using Machine Learning Genetic Algorithm (MLGA). This article also shows the implementation of FA-MNOMA in the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) as one of its applications.

Privacy Protection for NOMA Systems with Artificial Noise and Antenna Diversity

Privacy Protection for NOMA Systems with Artificial Noise and Antenna Diversity

Max-Min Fair Optimization in RSMA-Assisted Secure Communications With Artificial Noise

Max-Min Fair Optimization in RSMA-Assisted Secure Communications With Artificial Noise

A Proof of Concept Balanced Mixer with the use of a Digital IF Power Combiner to Improve LO Noise Rejection

In this work we present a novel digital technique, that allows local oscillator (LO) noise cancellation using a digital power combiner in a balanced mixer receiver architecture. A theoretical analysis of the noise cancellation using the proposed technique is derived and a proof of concept experiment is made for the Ku-Band. This experiment includes the design and construction of a custom balanced mixer and an artificial noise source. Experimental results show a consistent noise temperature reduction in comparison with a full analog mixer, and in some cases reaching noise temperature levels similar to the receiver operating without the artificial LO noise.

Artificial Noise Assisted Secure Transmission for Uplink MIMO Rate Splitting Healthcare Systems

Artificial Noise Assisted Secure Transmission for Uplink MIMO Rate Splitting Healthcare Systems

Secure short-packet transmission in uplink massive MU-MIMO assisted URLLC under imperfect CSI

Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is still in the early stage of research due to its two strict and conflicting requirements, i.e., ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability, and its impact on security performance is still unclear. Specifically, short-packet communication is expected to meet the delay requirement of URLLC, while the degradation of reliability caused by it makes traditional physical-layer security metrics not applicable. In this paper, we investigate the secure short-packet transmission in uplink massive multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system under imperfect channel state information (CSI). We propose an artificial noise scheme to improve the security performance of the system and use the system average secrecy throughput (AST) as the analysis metric. We derive the approximate closed-form expression of the system AST and further analyze the system asymptotic performance in two regimes. Furthermore, a one-dimensional search method is used to optimize the maximum system AST for a given pilot length. Numerical results verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, and show that there are some parameters that affect the tradeoff between security and latency. Moreover, appropriately increasing the number of antennas at the base station (BS) and transmission power at user devices (UDs) can increase the system AST to achieve the required threshold.

Practical noise measurement method for confirmation of effectiveness of sound insulation in residential houses around airports

In Japan, at airports with significant noise impact, soundproofing for dwellings is subsidized by the airport administrator in accordance with the law requiring noise mitigation. The compensation areas and zone-types are indicated according to noise impact. For each zone-type, the planned quantity of sound insulation to be achieved through soundproofing and the standard construction specifications are determined. Although noise measurement is not required upon completion of the soundproofing, it may be conducted to confirm the sound insulation effectiveness, if necessary. Methods for the measurement of sound insulation characteristics of the buildings are specified in Japanese standards (JIS), but these methods use artificial noise sources from speakers, which require many manpower and sound level meters or noise source equipment, and also cannot directly determine the quantity of sound insulation against aircraft noise. Thus, in order to examine the practical simplified method for noise measurement, we carried out measurements using aircraft noise in or around a dwelling, in parallel with the method required by the JIS standard. From the results, this paper reports the method by using even in a smaller number of microphones with the appropriate placement, to determine the quantity of sound insulation against aircraft noise in a dwelling.

Novel Noise Injection Scheme to Guarantee Zero Secrecy Outage under Imperfect CSI.

The paper proposes a novel artificial noise (AN) injection strategy in multiple-input single-output multiple-antenna-eavesdropper (MISOME) systems under imperfect channel estimation at the legitimate channel to achieve zero secrecy outage probability under any circumstance. The zero secrecy outage is proved to always be achievable regardless of the eavesdropper's number of antennas or location when the pair secrecy and codeword rates are chosen properly. The results show that when there is perfect channel state information, the zero-outage secrecy throughput increases with the transmit power, which is important for secrecy design. Additionally, an analysis of the secrecy throughput and secrecy energy efficiency gives further insight into the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Wiretap resisting and privacy preserving data exchange with physical layer security and blockchain based authentication in Internet of Vehicles

With the development of automobile industry technology, vehicles have greatly affected everyday life, work and other aspects. With the continuous innovation of sensor technology, computer technology, wireless communication technology, and GPS technology, the concept of Inter of Vehicles (IoV) has been widely regarded as the core technology to solve a series of problems. However, as a complexity network with multiple elements including people, vehicle, base-station and so on, IoV is confronted with security threatened. In this paper, secure data exchange has been considered for two authenticated On Board Units (OBUs) with help of Road Side Unit (RSU). Blockchain based authentication and physical layer security have been applied into IoV for wiretap resisting and privacy preserving data exchange. For wiretap resisting, two synchronized transmitted signals from OBUs act as artificial noise at eavesdropper. In addition, for privacy preserving, summed codeword is formed at RSU which cannot be recovered individually. Finally, simulation results have been conducted to demonstrate that the proposed protocol can achieve transmission efficiency as well as informatics security.