Under the background of the national strategy of “mass innovation and entrepreneurship” and the information age, it is very important to use the artificial immune theory to characterize the growth risk sources of new ventures and make them become the quantitative index features available for the model. It can lay the foundation for the construction of risk identification model of new ventures. First of all, through the in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the growth risk of the new venture, the source of the growth risk is defined according to the classification of the growth risk of the new venture; then, through combing and summarizing the relevant research at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of R & D risk source, product risk source, management risk source and social network risk source, verifies and selects through empirical research, and constructs the identification index system on this basis; finally, the growth risk characteristic structure of new ventures based on artificial immunity is constructed, and risk identification indicators are engineered to transform qualitative indicators into quantitative indicators for model experiments. It provides a basic reference for the establishment of the new enterprise growth risk identification model, so as to effectively meet the in-depth decision support, information mining and discovery in the growth process of the new enterprise, thereby promoting the stable and healthy growth of the new enterprise.