Artificial Foundations Research Articles

Disperse reinforcement of artificial base with glass waste

The article presents the results of laboratory stamp tests of sandy soils, the dispersed reinforcement of which was made with cullet waste in the form of crumbs. The tested soil samples had different densities and, accordingly, for each density, several options were made for the percentage of glass in the mass of the total volume. The purpose of the laboratory research was to obtain such a mechanical characteristic of the soil as the deformation modulus, which was subsequently compared with the same deformation modulus, but not of reinforced soil. The research results obtained showed the effectiveness of using glass chips as dispersed reinforcement of loose soils, which makes it possible to improve its strength properties and significantly save on the installation of artificial foundations for buildings or structures, as well as solve the issue of recycling glass waste and, accordingly, improve the environmental performance of the environment.

Practical experience of installing an artificial base for industrial floors

The installation of artificial foundations for industrial buildings and constructions (industrial floors) is becoming more and more relevant in modern construction, as the number of satisfactory sites for development is decreasing, territories with complex geological and hydrogeological conditions are increasingly being used. A high-quality installation of an artificial base should ensure the durability, strength and stability of the structure. When preparing the site and arranging the artificial base, it is necessary to take into account such important factors as the type of soil, the level of groundwater, the expected load on the floor and the type of floor covering. Compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, the use of quality materials and professional execution of work are critical for the successful construction of industrial floors. As part of the study, an overview and detailed description of the process of installing an artificial base for industrial floors was carried out on the example of a real construction, a warehouse complex with an area of 35,000 m² in the south-western outskirts of the city of Kyiv. The article highlights that the foundation installation process includes two main stages: site preparation and creation of artificial foundation layers. The preparation of the site includes cleaning and planning of the territory, removing and removing the fertile layer of soil, conducting engineering and geological studies and implementing measures for the engineering protection of the territory. The arrangement of the artificial base includes the compaction of the existing soil layers, the creation of new artificial base layers and their mechanical compaction in combination with the reinforcement of the layers with geosynthetics materials (geogrids). This study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to site preparation and artificial base installation, which allows for reliable and long-term operation of industrial floors, minimizing the risks of deformation and damage.

TECHNOLOGY FOR STRENGTHENING SOIL MATERIALS USING TWO-COMPONENT POLYURETHANE MATERIAL GEOPUR

Almaty and its environs are located in the foothill zone of the Zailiysky Alatau, where, given the lack of sites with good soils, many buildings and structures have to be built on weak soils, weak clay or subsidence bases. Another problem is construction in seismically active areas, which imposes certain restrictions on the design of foundations and the construction of structures. In such cases, specialized engineering measures are required, whether it is soil replacement, pile foundations or artificial foundations. In construction, there is a wide range of methods for fixing soils: strengthening with piles, vertical reinforcing elements, chemical fixing with solutions that allow you to carry out activities. This article describes the methods and sequence of work when using a two-component polyurethane material GEOPUR. In laboratory and field conditions to increase the bearing capacity of soils. The result of the application of this technology is a triple effect: increased moisture resistance and sealing; stopping or reducing water inflow to underground structures; stabilizing soil cementation - increasing the stability of the foundations of buildings and underground structures; there is a structuring and strengthening of soil, rocks and structures. Due to the introduction of the Geopur® material, soil structuring occurs, and it passes from the class of dispersed to the class of semi-rocky soils, the strength of which is characterized by the uniaxial compressive strength R. Studies have shown that the value of R in depth varies from 1.94MPa at a depth of 0.9m up to 4.57 MPa at a depth of 4.20 m. In accordance with state standard 25100-2011, such material belongs to a variety of soils with low or reduced strength.

Application of Artificial Foundations in Earthquake-Resistant Construction in Turkmenistan

Application of Artificial Foundations in Earthquake-Resistant Construction in Turkmenistan

EXPERIENCE IN STRENGTHENING UNDERGROUND PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN WATER-SATURATED CITY SOILS

Purpose: to analyze the problem of subsidence of vertical and horizontal elements of underground pedestrian crossings in the conditions of the city of Kyiv (Intersection of Mineralna – Ukrainian streets) taking into account the water-logged structure of the soil. Find a modern solution to this problem using a scientific approach. Using the example of an underground pedestrian crossing, identify the most deformed areas in the elements of the joints of vertical and horizontal structures for further processing and drawing a conclusion for the elimination of similar ones in the future.Methodology: in order to establish the reasons that caused the deformation of structures, to solve the task of engineering survey of the technical condition of their reinforced concrete structures with an instrumental survey of the actual strength, geometry and monitoring of uneven precipitation. Based on the results of field and chamber work, a complex ofstrengthening and restoration engineering and technical measures was developed and recommended to the customer for implementation, taking into account the requirements. Originality: the article provides an example of the implementation of the construction of the foundations of underground pedestrian crossings erected on water-saturated soils in complex engineering and geological conditions using construction water subsidence, usingtechnological methods, with the aim of excluding uneven deformations of foundation sediments above the zones of depression funnels from water subsidence or artificial foundations from vertical cement-soil reinforcing elements, the frontal part of which must be wrapped in reliable base soils.Findings and practical implications. The sealing of horizontal and vertical technological and sedimentary-temperature seams in the construction of foundations, walls and the covering of underground structures should be carried out using modern types of hydraulic plugs that perceive the hydraulic pressure from underground water and exhibit the property of swelling when in contact with flooding water. Such technological solutions can be used in the construction of underground pedestrian crossings in the conditions of dense urban development, in the presence of significant possible vertical deformations in water-saturated soils.Keywords: subsidence, sediment, crack, depression curve, mountain pressure, waterproofing, pile, cement-soil reinforcing element, monitoring

НЕДОСТАТКИ НОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТОЧНОСТИ ВЫСОТ В СП 121.13330.2019 «АЭРОДРОМЫ», АКТУАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ РЕДАКЦИИ СНиП 32-03–96

Based on the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents governing the ful-fillment of engineering and geodetic surveys for construction, the disadvantages of standardizing the accuracy of heights in SP 121.13330.2019 "Aerodromes", actualized edition SNiP 32-03–96 are con-sidered. Attention is drawn to the ambiguity of the given norms for the accuracy of heights, which leads to their free interpretation when calculating the accuracy of the alignment base, the internal alignment network, layout work, and control geodetic measurements. Doubts are expressed to their validity. To illustrate the application of the established accuracy standards, there is given an example of calculating the accuracy of high-altitude layout works and control geodetic measurements, internal high-altitude layout networks and a grid base when constructing structural layers of artificial founda-tions and aerodrome coatings using the "negligible influence" method and taking into account the ac-curacy of technological processes. Here are suggestions on improving the quality of standardization of the accuracy of heights for the construction of airdromes.

Why ‘Artificiality’ Fails to Explain Iraq's Woes

[F]ocusing on the supposed consequences of Iraq's artificial foundations diverts our attention from the real issues—cumulative or immediate—that continue to destabilize the country.

The Mechanical Properties of Soils with Uneven Grain-Size Distribution

This issue deals with peculiarities of stress-strain state forming in a representative volume of inhomogeneous soil. Analytic solutions for describing such stress states and obtaining equivalent mechanical values for such massive are given. Basing on the performed triaxial laboratory tests the impact of diameter ratio, percentage, and contact between particles on mechanical properties of a mixture is estimated. As a conclusion some recommendations on using the research results in practical geotechnical engineering are given. The classification of inhomogeneous soils, based on granulometric data, allowing to estimate mechanical properties is presented, as a method of granulometric composition, humidity and density selection for artificial foundations.

Experimental Research of a Highly Compacted Soil Beds

The clay loams of semi-solid consistency was tested under static loads. The test results have proved that high values of soil density can change operating conditions of artificial foundations significantly, i.e. a so-called plate effect can be observed. Due to high hardness values highly compacted soil beds allow distributing foundation loads on the considerable part of the area and reducing its value on the edge of the weak layer.

Estimates of backwater and drying levels in a hydrodynamic model

The form of an irrigation system is determined from the condition of an extremal value of the backwater or water-table lowering subject to isoperimetric constraints. The unknown functionals and equations of the extremals are written down in explicit form on the basis of the method of Lagrangian multipliers. Seepage in the region of irrigation systems can have both a negative effect on the adjacent territory (water-table elevation, swamping, salination near large canals and reservoirs) and improve the water regime of the soil (regulation of the drying norms by drainage). From the practical point of view, it is important to know how to find the distortions of the natural level of ground water introduced by such systems, and also to determine the influence of the resulting flows on artificial (foundations, screens to prevent seepage) and natural (troughs, slopes) objects. For known hydrogeological conditions, regimes of pressure variation, and disposition of the supply and discharge regions, these problems can be solved either in the framework of a hydraulic [1] or hydrodynamic [2] flow model. In this paper, a hydrodynamic model is used to estimate the raising of the ground-water level due to seepage from a channel, its lowering by a drain, and the seepage pressure force on the foundation near a reservoir. It is important that these estimates are obtained by solving problems of constructive type, i.e., problems in which the arrangement of the system (supply, water receiving, or topping-up contour) is not specified in advance but is found as an extremal of an isoperimetric problem.

Seismic methods for study of soil building properties

Information about distribution of elastic wave propagation velocities Vp, Vs in the subsurface zone of a soil mass can be obtained rapidly and cheaply by means of special seismic methods. With the help of these methods it is possible to study the elastic properties in detail in a soil mass of high structural complexity beginning from depths of 0.01 m. Correlative relations may be used to determine the distribution of deformation-strength characteristics of soils both in the area of the mass and at depth. By means of measurements made during construction it is possible to correct the placement of fill in dams, artificial foundations, roads, etc.

Construction of artificial foundations : Ganichev, I A US Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab translation TL 545, Sept 1976, 114P

Construction of artificial foundations : Ganichev, I A US Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab translation TL 545, Sept 1976, 114P

Construction of artificial foundations. In Russian : Ganichev, IA Moscow. Stroiizdat, 1973, 400p

Construction of artificial foundations. In Russian : Ganichev, IA Moscow. Stroiizdat, 1973, 400p