Articular Ends Research Articles

Terminology of the growing bone: A historical study.

Division of the growing long bone into individual basic parts, that is, diaphysis, metaphysis, physes and epiphyses, has become generally accepted and used. However, the origin of these terms is almost unknown. Therefore, we have analyzed the literature in order to identify their sources. The terms epiphysis and apophysis have been used since the time of Hippokrates, although with different meanings. During the time of Galen, the term apophysis was used to describe all types of bone processes, and epiphyses denoted articular ends. The term diaphysis denoting the middle cylindrical part of the long bone was used for the first time by Heister in 1717. The first to use the term metaphysis was Theodor Kocher in his books on gunshot wounds and on bone inflammation of 1895. On the basis of Kocher's study, Lexer published a radiological study of the vascular supply to bones in which he defined metaphyseal blood vessels as a separate group supplying a particular part of the long bone. The epiphyseal growth plate had no particular name from the time of its first description in 1836. During the second half of 19th century, this structure acquired different names. The term "physis" was therefore introduced in 1964 by the American radiologist Rubin in order to label the growth structure between metaphysis and epiphysis clearly. One year later, the term physis also appeared in the radiological literature, and during the following decades it spread in the orthopedic literature.

USE OF AN INDIVIDUAL TOOL FOR KINEMATIC ALIGNMENT OF THE LIMB AXIS DURING KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (CLINICAL CASE)

Objective. To give a clinical example where, under the conditions of gonarthrosis, the patient underwent preoperative planning using modern technologies of three-dimensional modulation; outline the stages of individual instrument preparation and for kinematic alignment of the axis of the lower extremity and installation of knee joint endoprosthesis components. Methods. A 69-year-old patient was diagnosed with stage IV right-sided gonarthrosis. For preoperative planning, a computer tomography of the lower extremities was performed in the position of full extension in the knee joints and neutral rotation of the feet (slice thickness 1 mm). A 3D model of the lower extremities was built in the "STL" format in the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer Version2021.2 program and imported into the FreeformPlus program. Preoperative planning was performed according to the principle of kinematic alignment to restore the constitutional axis of the limb and the inclination of the knee joint plane. The main stages of preparation of an individual instrument and carrying out operative intervention are given. Functional evaluation was performed before and after the operation at different stages according to the EuroQol-5D, KSS, HSS scales and a six-step functional test. Results. Individual navigation made it possible to precisely carry out resections of the articular ends and perform the planned kinematic alignment of the limb. According to the EuroQol-5D scale, the improvement of the patient's quality of life was determined, starting from the 3rd day after the operation. According to the KSS scale, an excellent result (85 points) was obtained 6 weeks after the surgical intervention, which remained after 3 months. The evaluation of the result of endoprosthesis according to the HSS scale after 6 weeks was 36 points, after 3 months — 38 points. Conclusions. A clinical example of the use of an original individual instrument for knee endoprosthesis showed the main advantages of the method — accurate installation of endoprosthesis components according to the preoperative design, which ensured high patient satisfaction and a good functional result.

Возможности туннелизации в лечении остеоартрита коленного сустава

Introduction Surgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis is a controversial issue. Knee replacement is the treatment of choice in the orthopedic practice for patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. However, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has not only beneficial results and implant survivorship is limited in time. In recent years, the number of publications devoted to the limitation of indications for TKA in patients with osteoarthritis has been increased. The use of drilled tunneling in its modern modifications enables to delay or, in some cases, avoid knee joint arthroplasty. Purpose To substantiate the safety, low invasiveness and effectiveness of the tunneling method as a minimally invasive organ-preserving treatment for knee joint osteoarthritis. Materials and methods The electronic Pub-Med/MEDLINE and eLibrary databases were searched for works published for the last 30 years. The search was carried out with keywords and phrases: knee joint osteoarthritis, articular cartilage, bone drilling, arthroscopy of the knee joint. Results The effectiveness of tunneling is based on the concept of simultaneous revascularization, drainage and decompression of the subchondral sections of the knee joint and the medullary cavity of the tubular bones. Up to 96 % of patients report a positive effect of tunneling immediately after surgery. Intraosseous pressure decreases for up to 2 years in 88 % of patients. Discussion The tunneling method in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis helps to reduce pain in the projection of the femur and tibia, including night pain, improves the functional parameters of the joint, inhibits the progress of cartilage destruction, improves the quality of life of patients and reduces the need for replacement of the affected joint. In addition, tunneling does not require serious economic costs. Due to the fact that this method is a minimally invasive surgical intervention, the risk of infection is noticeably lower than with TKA. Conclusion Thus, the tunneling of the articular ends is a simple, safe, low invasive and effective method of treating knee joint osteoarthritis.

Influence of the fixation point of the artificial popliteal muscle graft on the stability of the knee joint under external rotational load

This paper investigated the dependence of the stability of the knee joint, when exposed to external rotational load on the lower leg, on the position of the graft of the tendon of the popliteal muscle. Estimation finite-element models of the right knee joint of an adult were constructed, which included the articular ends of the bones that form this joint, as well as its main ligaments. The models reflected a surgery to restore posterolateral angle structures and differed only in the position of the popliteal tendon graft. That position was set by the point of attachment of the graft to the posterior surface of the tibia. At the same time, the fixation point changed both vertically and horizontally, in the frontal plane. In addition, a control model was built in which the hamstring tendon was completely absent. As a result of the calculations, patterns of the distribution of the fields of movement of the points of the finite-element model were obtained. As criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the selected position of the graft, movements of the lower leg model in the horizontal plane were proposed. Analysis of the results of the calculations showed that the greatest movements in all directions were obtained in the control model, in which the hamstring of the popliteal muscle was absent. The magnitudes of the considered movements derived from the control model exceeded the same values in the model with minimal movements by 17, 37, 17, 32, and 16 %. From the point of view of the stability of the tibia under rotational load, the most effective was the fixation of the graft on the posterior surface of the tibia as laterally as possible and closer to its articular surface. This is indicated by the magnitude of the movements, which, in this case, turned out to be the smallest in all directions.

Непосредственные изменения пульсового кровенаполнения в суставных концах подвздошной и бедренной костей после их туннелирования при болезни Пертеса

Introduction In Perthes disease of stage 1 to 2, intraosseous pressure (IOP) of the tissue fluid in the head of the femur due to disorders of the venous outflow increases, the microvasculature is compressed and pulse blood supply is limited. To eliminate secondary circulatory insufficiency, the proximal femur and the supra-acetabular region of the ilium were perforated with wires, and differences in the pulse wave of blood filling in the femoral head associated with the order of perforation of the articular ends of the bones were revealed. Purpose To determine the dependence of the pulse wave of blood filling in the femoral head on the sequence of drilling of the supra-acetabular region of the ilium and the proximal femur in patients with Perthes disease. Material and methods A pulse wave of blood filling in the intraosseous tissues was recorded in 47 patients, aged 6-9 years, using rheovasography. In 6 patients, the supra-acetabular region of the ilium was perforated, then the proximal femur; in 41 patients the sequence was vice versa. Results In the hip joint, perforation of the articular end of one bone leads to post-traumatic angiospasm in the articular ends of both bones, and pulse blood supply decreases. However, by the initial perforation of the proximal end of the femur, the pulse blood supply to the tissues of the femoral head increases, and subsequent drilling of the supra-acetabular region of the ilium contributes to its additional increase. Taking into account the initially increased IOP in the femoral head, it was concluded that perforation leads to decompression of its microcirculatory bed, and pulse blood filling increases, and post-traumatic angiospasm does not develop. Conclusion In Perthes disease, the femoral head should be drilled first to decompress its microvasculature, then the supra-acetabular region of the ilium to redistribute blood circulation and further increase blood flow to the femoral head.

Restoration of the structure and function of the elbow joint by the method of vibro-friction impact

For the first time, a method has been developed for arthroplasty of the elbow joint using a hinge-distraction device for external fixation, which allows automatic vibro-frictional action on the articular ends according to a specific algorithm. The complete removal of the degeneratively altered cartilage tissue of the articular ends together with the subchondral plate and the development of movements in the apparatus according to a given algorithm is performed. The method provides restoration of the structure and function of the joint.

Restoration of function in interphalangeal finger joints at injury sequelae by modified hinge-distraction device

Seventy eight patients with sequelae of interphalangeal finger joint injuries ( long-standing dislocations, fracture-dislocations, peri- and intracapsular fractures, contractures) were treated by modified hinge-distraction devices. In 1-3 years follow up outcomes were evaluated in 71 patients. Good results were achieved in 68 cases (95.8%). Use of our hinge-distraction devices excluded the superfluous mobility, provided the main axis of articular ends motion, volume constancy of the articular split as well as the possibility of active and passive movements that gave adequate conditions for the restoration of osteoarticular structures as well as surrounding soft tissues.

The use of a modified hinge-distraction apparatus for chronic injuries of the ankle and foot

The experience (126 patients) in the use of the suggested by O.V. Oganesyan modified hingedistraction device for the treatment of old foot dislocations and fractures of the ankle joint articular ends is presented. Perfection of the construction enabled to simplify the application of the device as well as makes it possible to put together the articular ends and their fragments either in one step or gradually, to maintain the width of the articular slit along the articular surface, to perform active and passive motions in the unloaded joint. When the apparatus is used the volume of open surgical interventions is reduced to the required minimum. Due to the device construction it is also possible to eliminate all types of ankle joint and foot deformities (varus, valgus, equinus, adduction, excavation). In 109 patients the follow up period ranged from 1 to 17 years: the overwhelming majority of cases (82%) showed the restoration of the ankle joint function.

Estimation of body mass in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) using cross-sectional geometry of the metapodial

Zooarchaeologists have developed and used several techniques for estimating the body mass of individual prey animals. Many of these are based on skeletal variables such as minimum number of individuals, weight of remains, or linear dimensions of long bone articular ends. All of these techniques fail to account for individual variability in body mass across the lifespan driven by the primary productivity of the landscape, sex, ontogeny, and season of individual death. Because skeletons are weight-bearing, they constantly remodel in response to changes in body mass, making long bone cross-sectional properties an ideal metric for predicting body mass. Cross-sectional geometric properties of distal limb bones and body mass of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were measured in a sample of 64 recently harvested individuals. Best-fit regressions between cross-sectional skeletal dimensions and dressed body weight produce higher R-squared values and lower standard errors of the estimate than regressions between dressed body weight and linear dimensions of long bone articular ends. Cross-sectional geometry can provide new useful line of evidence for estimating body mass of prey animals, when available.

Palaeobiological implications of the osteohistology of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from South Africa

ABSTRACT The anatomy and histology of several dinosaur skeletal elements recovered from the Early Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation (UEF) of South Africa are examined. Anatomical comparisons with similar dinosaurs, geological provenance, and association suggest that we are dealing with the remains of a single or multiple individuals of an undetermined basal sauropodomorph taxon. The lack of autapomorphic features on the elements hamper finer resolution of the taxonomy. Except for a rib, all other elements preserve cycles of alternating fibrolamellar bone and more slowly formed lamellar bone tissue (annuli). In many instances LAGs are associated with annuli. Except for the aforementioned rib, all other bones are from one or more sub-adults that had passed their most rapid phase of growth, but were still growing at the time of death-exemplified by the abundance of calcified cartilage in the articular ends of the bones. Variation in LAGs and annuli, vascularisation, bone wall thickness and cancellous tissue within each skeletal element, as well as between elements, is assessed. Our results show evidence for a pathology, possibly osteomyelitis in one of the ribs studied. This study provides pertinent information regarding the histovariability pertaining to basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the UEF of the Karoo Basin.

Rethinking the emergence of bone grease procurement

The extraction of grease from deliberately comminuted cancellous bone is a low-return activity that has important evolutionary ramifications because it potentially constitutes an early form of resource intensification. From an archaeological standpoint, bone grease extraction is also of significance because it can substantially modify anatomical profiles. Whether this practice is a relatively recent phenomenon or has deep roots reaching back into the Paleolithic, however, remains controversial. The goal of this paper is to cast broader light on the emergence of bone grease procurement by briefly revisiting three French Middle Paleolithic sites (Roc de Marsal, les Pradelles and Grotte du Noisetier) that have been interpreted as potentially early evidence for human processing of cancellous bone for food. To determine whether the published patterns are consistent with this practice, faunal trends at these sites are compared here with recently acquired experimental and ethnographic data on bone comminution activities.The results presented in this paper emphasize the importance of considering human consumption of bone meal as a viable alternative when evaluating competing hypotheses to account for the frequent lack of articular ends in European Paleolithic sites, including many assemblages that show little evidence of carnivore intervention and density-mediated attrition. The analysis also highlights the significance of other activities such as soup making, the use of bone as fuel, ritual disposal of fragments, site cleaning and feeding dogs with pounded bones, which are possible sources of variation when interpreting highly fragmented faunal assemblages. These observations are integrated into a general model focused on the interpretation of bone processing in the archaeological record.

Revisiting Bone Grease Rendering in Highly Fragmented Assemblages

Bone grease rendering is a low-return activity well described in the ethnohistorical and ethnographic literature. However, identifying this activity in archaeological contexts is complex because diagnostic criteria are few. The goals of this article are twofold: (1) to provide new experimental data on bone grease manufacture for assemblages associated with severe fragmentation, and (2) to assess how these data can be used to make stronger inferences about skeletal fat processing in the archaeological record. The results presented here show that, despite some variation, several forms of damage appear to be diagnostic of bone grease manufacture, regardless of the degree of fragmentation. The results indicate that extensive pounding produces many fragments that can be identified as deriving from articular ends, which conflicts with the oft-cited notion that articular ends are destroyed “beyond recognition” during this activity. Consequently, assemblages with few epiphyseal remains are not consistent with bone grease rendering, assuming that the comminuted fragments were not burned or discarded off-site after boiling. Because bone grease manufacture produces many small fragments, a close analysis of the indeterminate remains is strongly recommended, as is the use of fine mesh screens (2 mm or smaller) in excavations.

Skeletal phenotype/genotype in progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia.

Axial and extra-axial deceleration in function and progressive joint pain with subsequent development of antalgic gait associated with swellings, and stiffness of the joints with loss of the physiological spine biomechanics were the natural history in this group of patients. Clinical and radiological phenotypes have been analysed carefully to further understand the aetiology behind. Seven patients (three children around the age of 9-11 and one child of 17years old). Three adults aging 25, 30, 33 and 40years old were seen and examined. The paediatric group of patients were initially diagnosed with myopathy followed later by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in other institutions. Clinical and imaging documentation were collected in our departments, followed by mutation screening, was carried out by bidirectional sequencing of the WISP3 gene. Clinical and radiological phenotypic studies confirmed the diagnosis of progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia. A constellation of abnormalities such as early senile hyperostosis of the spine (Forestier disease), osteoarthritis of the hips showed progressive diminution and irregularities of the hip joint spaces associated with progressive capital femoral epiphyseal dysplasia and coxa vara have been encountered. Loss-of-function homozygous mutations (c.667T>G, p.Cys223Gly) and (c.170C>A, p.Ser57*) in the WISP3 gene were identified in our patients. The definite diagnosis was not defined via vigorous myopathic and rheumatologic investigations. Detailed clinical examination and skeletal survey, followed by genotypic confirmation, were our fundamental pointers to rule out the false diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid polyarthritis in the adult group of patients. We wish to stress that the clinical/radiological phenotype is the baseline tool to establish a definite diagnosis and to guide the geneticist toward proper genotype.Key Points•Joint pain and difficulties in walking/climbing the stairs are characteristic features encountered in early childhood. False diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can be made at this point.•False positive-like muscular wasting resembling myopathy results in ensuing vigorous troublesome investigations.•Flattened vertebral bodies associated with defective ossification of the anterior end plates are characteristic features of progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia.•Joint expansions, which are usually accompanied by narrowing of the articular ends of the appendicular skeletal system, show a clear radiological phenotype of pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia.

Reconstruction of traumatic tubular bone defects using vascularized fibular graft

Large segmental bone defects due to major trauma constitute a major challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon, especially when combined with poor or lost soft tissue envelope. Vascularized fibular transfer is considered as the gold standard for the reconstruction of such defects of the extremities due to its predictable vascular pedicle, long cylindrical shape, and tendency to hypertrophy, and resistance to infection. Vascularized bone grafts remain viable throughout the healing period and are capable of inducing rapid graft union without prolonged creeping substitution, osteogenesis and hypertrophy at the reconstruction site, and fight with infection.The fibular graft can be transferred solely, or as a composite flap including muscle, subcutaneous tissue, skin and even a nerve segment in order to reconstruct both bone and soft tissue components of the injury at single stage operation. Such a reconstruction can even be performed in the presence of local infection, since vascularized bone and adjacent soft tissue components enhances the blood flow at the traumatized zone, allowing for the delivery of antibiotics and immune components to the infection site.In an effort to preserve growth potential in pediatric patients; the fibular head and proximal growth plate can be included to the graft. This practice also enables to reconstruct the articular ends of various bones, including distal radius and proximal ulna. Apart from defect reconstruction, vascularized fibular grafts also proved to be a reliable in treating atrophic nonunions, reconstruction of osteomyelitic bone segments. These grafts are superior to alternative reconstructive techniques, as bone grafts with intrinsic blood supply lead to higher success rates in reconstruction and accelerate the repair process at the injury site in cases where blood supply to the injury zone is defective, poor soft tissue envelope, and local infection at the trauma zone.

Impact of Transphyseal Elastic Nailing On the Histostructure of the Tibia in Growing Animals (Non-Randomized Controlled Experimental Study).

BACKGROUND:The use of intramedullary elastic nailing is a method of choice for prevention of complications in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. However, the morphology of the growing long bones in the conditions created was not investigated.AIM:The purpose of our experiment was to study the impact of elastic intramedullary nailing on the histostructure of long bones in their physiological growth.METHODS:Six mongrel dogs underwent intramedullary elastic transphyseal nailing of the intact tibia with two titanium wires. Six months after nailing, a light-optical microscopic and histomorphometric study of the operated and contralateral tibiae was performed.RESULTS:It was found that asymmetric lesion of the distal physis induces a decrease in the height of the distal epimetaphysis. Adaptive changes in the hyaline cartilage of both articular ends were revealed corresponding to the initial stage of chondropathy. Intramedullary nailing promotes an increase in the thickness of the compact bone and the volume of the trabecular bone.CONCLUSIONS:Elastic transphyseal nailing of the intact tibia has a shaping effect which is expressed by an increase in the volume of spongy and compact bone, adaptive changes in the hyaline cartilage. Asymmetric damage to growth zones should be avoided to prevent deformities.

CLASSIFICATION FOR KNEE JOINT BONES DEFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH CONTRINDICATIONS TO ARTHROPLASTY

There are many classifications of long bone defects. Some of them are designed from the external fixation background standpoint with the aim to define a particular Ilizarov technique. Another group of classifications is aimed at determining the tactics of reconstructive surgery for segmental defects of long bones. However, combinations of defects at articular ends are not considered. AORI classification (and the analogs) is intended to address issues related to arthroplasty and it does not consider diaphyseal defects.The aim of the present study was to develop a functional classification for the knee joint bone defects (KJBD) for cases when there are contraindications to arthroplasty.For this purpose the authors analyzed knee joint x-rays of 71 patients with KJBD and contraindications to arthroplasty. Defects extent, shape and anatomical localization in tibia and femur were evaluated.Results. This allowed to identify 4 types of defects depending on the location and size. We determined four types of defects, depending on its location and severity: I — epiphyseal, II — epimetaphyseal, III — local epimetaphyophyseal, IV — extensive epimetaphyophyseal.Conclusion. In contrast to other classifications the proposed one takes into consideration the combination of defects in femur and tibia when it is impossible to perform the arthroplasy and is designed to develop an algorithm for treating this group of patients.

A large pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone of Utah

Abstract Three associated incomplete wing bones of a large pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation of Utah are described. Based on the morphology of the bones’ articular ends, the specimen is referred to the Pteranodontoidea. Associated ammonites indicate that the specimen's age is Middle Turonian, so it adds to the sparse worldwide record of Turonian pterosaurs. The record of pteranodontoid pterosaurs in the Western Interior Seaway of North America is reviewed, and it is suggested that pteranodontoids were not diverse.

Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Tibia through Time: Insights into Shape Variation Using a Surface-Based Approach.

In this paper we present a three-dimensional (3D) morphometrical assessment of human tibia sexual dimorphism based on whole bone digital representation. To detect shape–size and shape differences between sexes, we used geometric morphometric tools and colour-coded surface deviation maps. The surface-based methodology enabled analysis of sexually dimorphic features throughout the shaft and articular ends of the tibia. The overall study dataset consisted of 183 3D models of adult tibiae from three Czech population subsets, dating to the early medieval (9–10th century) (N = 65), early 20th century (N = 61) and 21st-century (N = 57). The time gap between the chronologically most distant and contemporary datasets was more than 1200 years. The results showed that, in all three datasets, sexual dimorphism was pronounced. There were some sex-dimorphic characteristics common to all three samples, such as tuberosity protrusion, anteriorly bowed shaft and relatively larger articular ends in males. Diachronic comparisons also revealed substantial shape variation related to the most dimorphic area. Male/female distinctions showed a consistent temporal trend regarding the location of dimorphic areas (shifting distally with time), while the maximal deviation between male and female digitized surfaces fluctuated and reached the lowest level in the 21st-century sample. Sex determination on a whole-surface basis yielded the lowest return of correct sex assignment in the 20th-century group, which represented the lowest socioeconomic status. The temporal variation could be attributed to changes in living conditions, the decreasing lower limb loading/labour division in the last 12 centuries having the greatest effect. Overall, the results showed that a surface-based approach is successful for analysing complex long bone geometry.

Real time 3D in situ assessments for bone tissue engineering

Event Abstract Back to Event Real time 3D in situ assessments for bone tissue engineering Natalie Reznikov1, 2, 3, Spencer W. Crowder1, 2, 3, Mads S. Bergholt1, 2, 3 and Molly M. Stevens1, 2, 3 1 Imperial College London, Department of Materials, United Kingdom 2 Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, United Kingdom 3 Imperial College London, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, United Kingdom Introduction: Porous 3D scaffolds are of great interest to the bone tissue engineering field[1],[2]. Their high surface-to-bulk ratio provides a niche for osseointegration. Moreover, the natural organization of trabecular bone tissue normally present in vertebrae and in articular ends of long bones is an open-cell solid that provides appropriate compliance and shock-absorbing properties in skeletal biomechanics. As was recently shown in a multi-scale study of organization of trabecular bone[3], the micrometer-scale alignment of collagen fibrils and the millimeter-scale 3D architecture of trabecular struts are complementary. This complementarity is seen by the orientation of collagen fibrils in a trabecula either following the axis of their own strut or aligned with the axis of a contiguous strut. This organization of the bone extracellular matrix as secreted and assembled by mechano-sensing osteoblasts is dependent upon cell responsiveness to substrate stiffness, composition and geometry. As a result of this outside-in signaling to the cells, extracellular matrix assembly and organization ‒ whether on a natural or artificial surface ‒ depends on the material properties of the substrate, including its 3D architecture. Materials and Methods: We are developing a biomimetic, non-resorbable 3D-printed scaffold to be used as prosthetic material for total joint replacement. The biomimetic scaffold is a repetitive lattice, the symmetry of which is close to the mathematically simplified fabric of trabecular bone. The 3D architecture of its structural members contributes to the nature-like shock-absorbing properties of the scaffold. The scaffold is fabricated of polyamide using selective-laser sintering, a method of additive manufacturing where powder substrate is consolidated by laser pulses, thus allowing to produce intricate architecture with high precision. The high topographic complexity of sintered polyamide allows for post-fabrication deposition of bioactive compounds such as bioactive glass directly on its surface via sol-gel route. Results and Discussion: We have compared the following two parameters of the scaffold ‒ the surface composition and its geometry ‒ using osteogenic cell cultures. The effect of surface composition on osteogenic culture progression was compared between pure polyamide substrate and polyamide having incorporated bioactive glass. The effect of different topological motifs of the 3D shock-absorbing scaffold on geometry-driven osteoblast culture development was assessed by culture evaluation on 3D scaffold fragments with acute, right and obtuse angles. The cell-instructive properties of the scaffold geometry and composition were continuously monitored using in situ live-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy - a method of non-destructive profiling of molecular moieties and monitoring of cell culture dynamics[4]. Preliminary results confirm the benefits of high substrate curvature for deposition of the extracellular matrix, and the high osteogenic potential of bioactive glass. Conclusions: The observation of substrate geometry and composition effects of an osteogenic cell culture offers feasible strategies to integrate compositional and topological osteogenic factors into a 3D scaffold for bone regeneration.

Correlations of histomorphometrical indicators of spongiosa of the femur articular parts and the results of clinical and laboratory studies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Histomorphometric characteristics of spongiosa (HCS) of the femur articular ends (FAE) are important for the evaluation of structural and functional state of bone tissue being potential bed for arthroplasty of the hip and knee joints. Purpose: based on pathohistological examination and correlative analysis of clinical, clinical and laboratory, and HCS of the FAE forming the hip and knee joints, to establish the relationship between indicators that are informative about the state of bone tissue of the articular ends. Methods: We investigated the HCS parameters (bone volume, os­teoid surface, osteoclastic index) of the head and distal epiphysis of FAE removed during hip (24) and knee (31) arthroplasties. The results of clinical examinations (rheumatic process activity, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), joint functional insufficiency (JFI), obtaining basis or hormone therapy), as well as ex vіvo cultivation of spongiosa bone marrow stromal cells. Results: for the head of the femur it was determined a negative with medium strength correlation between the degree of JFI and osteoclastic index. For the distal epiphysis it was shown a direct correlation of bone volume with osteoclastic index from the one side, and with process activity from the other one. There was determined an ambiguity of relations of laboratory and HCS-indices in par­ticular the weak positive correlation between the CRP index and bone volume (unreliable for current number of observations). Conclusion: weighted HCS parameters in different parts of the femur was veraciously higher in spongiosa of the head than of the distal epiphysis. Majority of correlative connections between clinical, clinical and laboratory parameters, and HCS ones are ambiguous, except some pares correlation parameters of which correspond to the values of the correlation coefficient with aver­age power or close to them.