Clothing Articles Research Articles

CONSUMER EDUCATION, FAMILY AND REFERENCE GROUP INFLUENCE IN ASO EBI SELECTION IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

In Nigeria, the selection of aso ebi, a traditional attire worn for special occasions, is influenced by various social and familial factors. This study examined the relationship between family influence, reference group influence, and consumer education in the selection of aso ebi in Southwest Nigeria. Two research questions were posed, and two hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. A correlational design was employed to collect data from 1200 adult individuals (aged 18 years and above) in the Southwestern geopolitical zone of Nigeria, covering Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo states. A validated, reliable, self-structured questionnaire titled "Consumer Education and Behaviour in the Choice of Aso Ebi Questionnaire (CEBCAQ)" was used for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson’s r and Fisher's Z statistics. Findings revealed a positive but low correlation between consumer education and both family (r = 0.10) and reference group purchasing behaviour (r = 0.14) in aso ebi selection. The relationship between consumer education and consumer behaviour was significantly stronger among male adults than female adults (rmales = 0.62, rfemales = 0.49, Zcal > Ztab); and significantly stronger among older adults than younger adults (rold =0.59, ryoung = 0.48, Zcal > Ztab). The study concludes that the complex interplay of social pressure, family dynamics, reference groups, and economic factors influencing aso ebi choices aligns with consumer behaviour surrounding clothing articles globally. Future research could explore how consumer education programs may be tailored to target families and address social influences in aso ebi selection.

FASHION ACCOUTREMENTS: VERSATILITY FOR MULTI-UTILITY CLOTHING -“A FANTASY WARDROBE CONCEPT”

Today's young fashion consumers are seeking unique silhouettes to craft more appealing and aesthetic looks. The strong desire for individuality necessitates the exploration and utilization of basic silhouettes. Silhouettes serve as the core structure of the design, providing an authentic foundation upon which innovative solutions can be built. This study focuses on the redesign of additional articles of clothing for their multi-functional utility. Fashion accompaniments allow for the seamless integration of existing wardrobe pieces, significantly curbing excessive clothing consumption and waste, thus promoting sustainability. These versatile clothing pieces offer a range of styles, discouraging the need for frequent clothing purchases. This integrated approach can curb the impulsive buying habits among young fashion consumers presenting a creative solution for fashionable looks. The key is to familiarize customers with strategically planned wardrobes that include compatible detachable clothing pieces. Fashion accompaniments can be augmented to mix and match with existing wardrobe clothing pieces. Designers and fashion brands can be encouraged to focus on perennial clothing with a contemporary touch. It is crucial to educate consumers on the versatility of these accompaniments to effectively incorporate them into daily life. This study seeks to repurpose remnants from high fashion silhouettes into detachable pieces that can be transformed into new clothing designs. The adoption of simplified patternmaking concepts can minimize procurement costs. These silhouette overlays have the potential to revolutionize design and style experimentation, and traditional design boundaries. The transformation of basic shapes into versatile forms can unlock limitless possibilities for their optimal use, leading to an eco-friendly approach to fashion. The suitability of the silhouette to the figure type is a crucial factor in the selection process. The study proposed the implementation of CLO3D technology by brands to personalize looks and ascertain suitability to figure type for captivating results.

Effect of layering outerwear on innerwear and air gap between the two layers on thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics

PurposeIn everyday life, people generally wear two layers of clothes (a knitted vest and a knitted t-shirt) during the summer. It is essential to understand which types of innerwear and outerwear maximize comfort. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the influence of layering outerwear on innerwear, as well as the air gap between two layers, on thermal comfort properties.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a total of 12 combinations were created from four vest fabrics and three T-shirt fabrics. The thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, thermal diffusion and peak heat flow) were evaluated for the individual inner and outer layers. Each inner layer was layered with an outer layer to observe the effect of layering on the thermal properties. An air gap of 2 mm was introduced between the inner and outer layers to study the effect of air gap on thermal properties.FindingsTencel fibre exhibits higher thermal conductivity and absorptivity than cotton and polyester. Upon layering an outer layer on an inner layer, the thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity increase to a slight extent, thermal resistance and diffusion increase drastically and the peak heat flow reduces. With an air gap between the two layers, the thermal conductivity did not improve, the difference in thermal resistance among all the combinations reduced, the thermal absorptivity of the combination textiles was lower than that of the innerwear alone, the thermal diffusion increased and the peak heat flow diminished for all the combinations.Practical implicationsIn practice, this comprehensive thermal comfort analysis provides specific combinations of inner and outer articles of clothing that are most appropriate for enhancing comfort during the summer season.Originality/valueThough there are many studies on the effect of multilayer fabrics on thermal properties, no extensive research analyses the influence of innerwear and outerwear combinations on thermal comfort properties.

The Symbiotic Relationship Between Garments, Yoga, and Ayurveda: A Holistic Perspective

Garments, being the closest layer to the human body, hold a profound influence on the well-being of an individual. The skin, being the body's largest organ, acts as a protective barrier, selectively allowing external elements to interact with the body. This dual role becomes especially crucial when considering the garments we wear, as they come in direct contact with our skin. The characteristics of fabrics, including color, texture, aroma, raw materials, and energy, have a tangible impact on the wearer's body, mind, and energy. Yoga practitioners, known for their heightened sensitivity, become particularly receptive to the subtle influences of garments, including fabrics and designs. The ancient healing disciplines of Yoga and Ayurveda, deeply rooted in Indian traditions, recognize the significance of these influences. According to Ayurveda, the materials used in garments should not only be comfortable but also supportive of different yogic practices and lifestyles. This paper explores the intricate relationship between garments, Yoga, and Ayurveda, delving into how the choice of fabrics and designs can contribute to the holistic well-being of individuals. By understanding and aligning with the principles of Ayurveda, practitioners can make informed decisions about the garments they choose, ensuring that these articles of clothing not only complement their physical activities but also contribute positively to their mental and energetic states. In essence, this research aims to shed light on the interconnectedness of these ancient disciplines and provide insights into how conscious choices in clothing can enhance the overall experience and benefits of Yoga practice in harmony with Ayurvedic principles.

The influence of the conditions of use of the protective clothing on its mechanical and comfort characteristics

Protective clothing is used in many work environments, indoors or outdoors. In the case of outdoor use, in particular, the problem arises if it still maintains certain levels of performance regarding the mechanical resistance and comfort characteristics in the situation where it is soaked with an excess of moisture due to perspiration while working at above temperatures. 300C, in the context of current climate changes. The idea of such a study is an original idea, considering the hot periods of recent years and the observations received from users who request articles of protective clothing that are as comfortable as possible. The study proposes that on a first series of 5 materials used to make protective clothing for welders or electricians, who by the nature of the activity work indoors, as well as in the outdoor environment, attempts should be made to determine the tear resistance and some parameters which give some indications regarding the comfort of the users (permeability to water vapor and permeability to air) in different humidity conditions of the tested sample.

COVID-19 scent dog research highlights and synthesis during the pandemic of December 2019-April 2023.

This review was undertaken to provide information concerning the advancement of research in the area of COVID-19 screening and testing during the worldwide pandemic from December 2019 through April 2023. In this review, we have examined the safety, effectiveness, and practicality of utilizing trained scent dogs in clinical and public situations for COVID-19 screening. Specifically, results of 29 trained scent dog screening peer-reviewed studies were compared with results of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid antigen (RAG) COVID-19 testing methods. The review aims to systematically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of utilizing trained scent dogs in COVID-19 screening. At the time of submission of our earlier review paper in August 2021, we found only four peer-reviewed COVID-19 scent dog papers: three clinical research studies and one preprint perspective paper. In March and April 2023, the first author conducted new literature searches of the MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library websites. Again, the keyword phrases utilized for the searches included "COVID detection dogs," "COVID scent dogs," and "COVID sniffer dogs." The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Checklist was followed to ensure that our review adhered to evidence-based guidelines for reporting. Utilizing the results of the reviewed papers, we compiled statistics to intercompare and summarize basic information concerning the scent dogs and their training, the populations of the study participants, the types of sampling methods, the comparative tests utilized, and the effectiveness of the scent dog screening. A total of 8,043 references were identified through our literature search. After removal of duplicates, there were 7,843 references that were screened. Of these, 100 were considered for full-text eligibility, 43 were included for qualitative synthesis, and 29 were utilized for quantitative analysis. The most relevant peer-reviewed COVID-19 scent dog references were identified and categorized. Utilizing all of the scent dog results provided for this review, we found that 92.3 % of the studies reached sensitivities exceeding 80 and 32.0 % of the studies exceeding specificities of 97 %. However, 84.0 % of the studies reported specificities above 90 %. Highlights demonstrating the effectiveness of the scent dogs include: (1) samples of breath, saliva, trachea-bronchial secretions and urine as well as face masks and articles of clothing can be utilized; (2) trained COVID-19 scent dogs can detect presymptomatic and asymptomatic patients; (3) scent dogs can detect new SARS-CoV-2 variants and Long COVID-19; and (4) scent dogs can differentiate SARS-CoV-2 infections from infections with other novel respiratory viruses. The effectiveness of the trained scent dog method is comparable to or in some cases superior to the real-time RT-PCR test and the RAG test. Trained scent dogs can be effectively utilized to provide quick (seconds to minutes), nonintrusive, and accurate results in public settings and thus reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus or other viruses. Finally, scent dog research as described in this paper can serve to increase the medical community's and public's knowledge and acceptance of medical scent dogs as major contributors to global efforts to fight diseases.

Semantic relatedness and the cocktail party problem in aphasia: A hybrid remote/in-lab study

ABSTRACT Background Previous work has found that individuals with aphasia demonstrate impaired performance, relative to controls, on listening tasks where target speech is masked by other intelligible speech (Villard & Kidd, 2019). While this deficit may be due in part to impaired cognitive skills (e.g., attention, memory), the current study examined whether impaired linguistic-semantic processing could be a contributing factor as well. Aims This study compared the effect of semantic relatedness between target and masker words on performance on a speech-on-speech masking task, in listeners with aphasia vs. age-matched controls. Additionally, the study compared performance on a remote vs. an in-lab version of the experiment, with the goal of establishing the validity of remote listening experiments in these populations. Methods & Procedures Eight persons with aphasia (PWA) and eight age-matched controls (AMC) participated in the remote version of the experiment; similarly, eight PWA and eight AMC participated in the in-lab version of the experiment. In both versions, participants listened to short target sentences while ignoring maskers. Maskers consisted of either intelligible speech from the same semantic category as the target (e.g., target and maskers were all fruits), intelligible speech from a distant semantic category from the target (e.g., target was a fruit; maskers were articles of clothing), or speech-shaped, speech envelope-modulated noise. Procedures and stimuli were kept as similar as possible between the remote and in-lab versions of the experiment. Outcomes & Results In-lab results revealed a significant effect of group, such that PWA performed more poorly than AMC, as well as a significant effect of masking condition, such that participants performed more poorly on speech masking vs. noise masking conditions. No significant differences between same-category and different-category maskers were observed. A comparison of remote vs. in-lab results revealed similar patterns of performance between the two settings but suggested that remote testing resulted in overall noisier data. Conclusions These findings add to the existing body of knowledge about auditory masking in aphasia. Furthermore, they help lead to a clearer understanding of barriers to social engagement and community participation in PWA by characterizing challenges associated with communicating in noisy settings. The study also provided qualified support for the use of remote testing paradigms for listening experiments.

HF01-08 THE ART OF CLEANLINESS: URINE AND LAUNDRY?

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023HF01-08 THE ART OF CLEANLINESS: URINE AND LAUNDRY? Maunil Patel Maunil PatelMaunil Patel More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003243.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: For thousands of years, civilization found new and eccentric ways to make use of resources that were around them. A small group of people in ancient Rome who called themselves fullers did exactly that by finding a use for urine that became critical to societal constructs. The Romans exemplified what it means to have good hygiene in high society. They created an unorthodox way to use urine to clean their clothing. METHODS: A great level of interest in ancient Roman lifestyle sparked an investigation in the function of fullonicas in Roman society. Justification of the text comes from ancient Roman inscriptions and literature review. RESULTS: Washers and scourers in ancient Rome were called Fullers. They created fullonicas which are very similar to modern day laundromats. The concept of soap was non-existent at that time, so fullers relied on using urine to clean the tunics and stoals of those who belonged to the noble class. Fullonicas got abundant amounts of urine by having the poor sit on various street corners in town and collect urine from the citizens in jars. Once the jars were full, they would carry the jar to the nearest fullonica; being extra careful to not spill the jar on themselves. Once the urine was delivered, the cleaning process begins. Cleaning consisted of washing the clothes in a mixture of water, alkali metals, and urine; Ammonia was the active ingredient in this process which naturally came from stagnant urine. Next, the fullers would stomp on the clothes repeatedly until all the dirt, stains and oils were scrubbed off; this was called saltus fullonicus or the fullers jump. Lastly, the clothes would be rinsed with water and brushed with wool or the skin of a hedgehog. Fullonicas were a critical part in ancient Rome since many articles of clothing that were worn by the kings, queens, and clergy were all cleaned in the same manner. This process of cleaning resulted in glistening white clothing that were worn by the upper-class Romans. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout history, urine was used in a variety of ways in many aspects of life. Urology pertains to the storage and flow of urine, and it is not used for marketable purposes. Fullers of ancient Rome prided themselves on the unorthodox use of urine to keep the clothes of high-ranking nobles in Roman society clean. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e258 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Maunil Patel More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Clothing – A Mark of Noble Identity in Early Modern Transylvania (II)

For a long time, it was the garment that gave the person individuality. Once the costume was lost, the identity was lost. Clothing is, therefore, one of the essential markers of social convention, with each part of the population being assigned a specific role and place, easily recognizable by shape and color. The symbolism of clothing articles, with a very different cut and color range, could immediately be interpreted by the contemporaries. Based on the last wills of the Transylvanian nobility, this study proposes to examine the role of clothes as status indicator, or the social role of noble men’s clothing in the late sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth century in Transylvania. From a structural point of view, the study continues the topics addressed in the first part, discussing issues concerning the value of white clothing and women’s attire in terms of rank and status in society.

Integrated Approach for Clothing Detection and Comparison using Structural Shape Detection and Texture Analysis

This paper presents a novel approach for detecting and finding similar clothing articles in images by combining structural shape detection and texture comparison. We utilized the Mask R-CNN model for structural shape detection and explored color hashing and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) histogram for texture comparison. Experiments were conducted using the DeepFashion2 dataset, demonstrating varying performance across different clothing articles and texture comparison algorithms. While the proposed solution achieved good detection rates for certain clothing articles, it faced challenges in detecting others due to the unequal distribution of articles in the dataset and limitations in texture comparison.

Architects as Fashion Designers: An Emerging Enterprise for Sustainable Growth

Overtime the fashion world in Nigeria has largely depended on imported products. Statistics show that most of these products do not meet the socio-cultural and economic needs of the people. However, efforts made by fashion designers to bridge this gap by rolling out innovative fashion products and adequate skill-sets have suffered setbacks. To sustain this creative industry amidst the economic recession, this research explores the potential of architects -the master designers’ contributions to the fashion enterprise as one that has the potential for significant growth. The research explored the frontiers of fashion design and how architects can get involved to improve processes, products, and services through mixed research methods encircling data collectedfrom literature reviews, interviews, case studies, and observation. The research results reveal that architects can function as fashion designers as 41 out of the 50 respondents constituting 95.3% of the studied population comprised of fashion designers and users were positive that the input of architects in the field of fashion is essentially needed to artfully realize the sustainable growth of the industry, 68% of the respondents strongly agreed that fashion designers share a similar skill set with architects, 44.9% of the respondents and 53.1% agree and strongly agree respectively that architects can become fashion designers, while 95.3% of the respondents are enthusiastic about seeing more architects in the fashion industry. The architects’ richness in artistic skills and creativity encapsulated in their sufficient knowledge of anthropometrics and ergonometric, user preferences, elements and principles of design will bring a significant boost to the fashion industry with new and improved articles of clothing which will, in turn, generate revenue for them, promote the growth of the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP), propagate the nation’s cultural heritage and tourism, stimulate her global recognition and attention

Space to Grieve: An irreducible legacy

Space to GrieveAn irreducible legacy Latipa (bio) i was introduced to Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictee as an undergraduate student in the late 1990s and was immediately struck by the work's radical relationship to its audience. Cha never spoon-fed the experiences of colonialism and diaspora to a white readership. She was not trapped in the straitjacket of "multiculturalism" that reduces artists of color to an "identity" defined by the white gaze. It was the first time I had encountered an Asian woman who tried to write her life as it bled across oceans, generations, and political histories, poetically undoing the rigid categories by which the world is normally structured. It was only years later, as a graduate student at UC Berkeley, that I learned she had been raped and murdered in New York City [End Page 153] shortly after Dictee was released. Later editions of Dictee would include the fact of Cha's murder in her bio on the back cover, but I am of a generation of students who were protected from that knowledge. For those of us who love Cha's work—who have been altered forever by her capacity to dwell in the layered complexities of time, space, and memory—it is often difficult to separate her murder from her art. Dictee spills over with a death that is both premonitory and already past. When we try to engage with Cha's art on its own terms—as I was encouraged to do in college, by professors who did not acknowledge her rape or murder—we do not allow ourselves sufficient space to grieve. Just as humanities scholars continue to study and write about Cha, she continues to be discussed in another discursive realm: that of the law. There, Cha exists as a legal case that highlights the foundational patriarchy that infuses every aspect of our culture and its institutions. ________ to begin with, the investigation of Cha's rape and murder was inept. A 1986 opinion from the New York Supreme Court, where the case against her murderer had arrived on appeal, states: "The police were initially unable to ascertain where Mrs. Cha had been murdered. However, her husband and her brother searched the building where defendant worked and found a room the police evidently had overlooked"—a room full of evidence related to Cha's murder, including missing articles of clothing. Without the work of her family, key evidence against her murderer, who was a security guard in a building where Cha's husband had been working, might never have been found. Even after that evidence had been gathered and her killer convicted, Cha's posthumous existence in the juridical system did not end. The first conviction was thrown out by the New York Supreme Court, which ruled that inadmissible evidence had been used in the trial. This evidence comprised testimonies from three women who had also been raped by the same assailant; he had pleaded guilty to each of these acts, which he committed in Florida [End Page 154] years before he murdered Cha. On appeal, the court deemed the inclusion of these testimonies to be in defiance of the Molineux Rule, which states that it is inadmissible to use evidence of a defendant's prior crimes merely to establish "criminal propensity." In the end, it took three trials, and a total of five years, for Cha's murderer to finally be convicted. Cha's case continues to haunt the system; in the intervening years, it has been cited in other cases involving sexual violence, including one in early 2022. Both realms—that of the public intellectuals who write about Cha's art while eliding her murder, and that of the legal scholars for whom she is only "Mrs. Cha"—in some way need her not to be a whole person in order for the discourse to function. In the field of art, we would like Cha's vibrant and expansive practice to remain unsullied by the brutality of her death. Meanwhile, in law, Cha is not an artist, poet, or editor; she is simply a victim of sexual violence. Between these two types of discourse is an inexorable silence...

Research Design of Fashion Elements Identification of Clothing Based on Decision Tree Algorithm and IoT

Attributable to challenges of social event enormous volumes of material area information in a setting of less mining research, foreseeing the qualities of articles of clothing turns into a significant open issue which gets increasingly more consideration from the materials research local area. In this exploration work, the field of data mining endeavors to anticipate clothing insurance factors completely plan on understanding the computational individual of learning. Qualities of dress learning are being explored as a methodology for settling on the decision and utilization of getting ready data and their outcomes. It is seen from the results got by experimentation that the linear regression hushes up engaging as a result of adequacy as far as high forecast rate and linear regression can find the dress protection execution in a most proficient way in contrast with any remaining inclining calculations tested.

Tangential developable surfaces and their application in real structures

A class of developable surfaces contains cylindrical, conical, and tangential developable surfaces. Tangential developable surfaces are ruled surfaces of zero Gaussian curvature with cuspidal edges. They give great opportunities to architects and engineers for realization of their creative projects. Both the theoretical researches in the area of geometry of torses and strength analysis of shells and the influence of these researches on the application of torses in practice are shown. A presented research demonstrated that torses found the application in shipbuilding, aircraft construction, mechanical engineering, in architecture and building, engineering equipment and communications, in road building, in anti-erosive banks, topography, and cartography, clothing articles of light industry, in sculptural forms, and in modelling with developable surfaces. It was confirmed by the references on great number of published works on the subject, real examples from practice, and by handing in 14 illustrations of real objects.

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PRODUCTION OF INFANT CLOTHING ARTICLES USING FABRIC WASTE BY CLOTHING ENTREPRENEURS IN RIVERS

This study examined the design criteria for production of infant clothing articles using fabric waste for clothing entrepreneurship in Rivers State. Specifically, it identified design criteria required for the production of infant clothing articles using fabric waste and the characteristics of fabric waste to be utilized for the production of infant clothing articles for clothing entrepreneurship in Rivers State. A survey design was used for the study. Population was 15,824 made up of 555 registered clothing entrepreneurs and 15, 269 mothers that registered for post-natal care in government hospitals in Rivers State. Multi-stage sampling technique and purposive sampling was used to select a sample size of 612 respondents, comprising of 378 mothers and 234 clothing entrepreneurs. Questionnaire titled “Design Criteria for Infant Clothing Article Production Assessment Instrument for Mothers and Clothing Entrepreneurs (DCICAPIMCE)” was used for data collection. Internal consistency of instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha which yielded 0.82 for design criteria and 0.89 for fabric characteristics. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed sixteen design criteria required for the production of infant clothing articles using fabric waste. These include: infant clothing articles being comfortable (4.00± 0.00; 4.00±0 .00); safe for the wearer ((3.93±0 .98; (3.93± 0.98) for mothers and clothing entrepreneurs respectively among others. 41 characteristics of fabric waste required for the production of infant clothing articles for clothing entrepreneurship. These include: cotton fabric (3.75± 0.94;3.53± 0.88); bright colour fabrics (3.50±0.88;3.26± 0.82, fabric waste being light (3.90± 0.98;3.73± 0.93 among others for mothers and clothing entrepreneurs. The study recommended among others that clothing entrepreneurs should utilize fabric waste for production of useful infant clothing articles.

Formaldehyde Released from Clothing Articles and Pillowcases

Clothing and bedding that are labeled as “wrinkle-free,” “iron-free,” or “easy-care” use formaldehyde resins that can release a significant amount of formaldehyde. For patients who are allergic to formaldehyde, this can trigger allergic contact dermatitis. Unlike many other countries, formaldehyde levels in clothing are not regulated in the United States. The purpose of this study is to measure the amount of formaldehyde released from a variety of men’s dress shirts, women’s clothing, children’s clothing, and pillowcases, before washing and after washing using a Rotawash. This study has also looked at whether the price of an item has any correlation with the amount of formaldehyde released.

Reconsidering inalienable possession with definite determiners in French

In many Romance and Germanic languages, definite determiners can indicate possession for a subset of nouns that have often been called nouns of ‘inalienable’ possession. This paper addresses the question of why and how the definite determiner contributes to the interpretation of ‘inalienable possession’. Following Freeze (1992) and others, I argue that ‘inalienable possession’ cannot be properly characterized as inalienable and does not involve possession. Relevant ‘inalienably possessed’ nouns are not restricted to body parts, but include a broader set of nouns that are commonly expected to be located in or on the possessor: mental or physical faculties, facial expressions, as well as articles of clothing, protection, and adornment. I argue that the relevant cases are best captured in terms of an analysis that combines a syntactic configuration for locative prepositions (RP in den Dikken’s 2006 sense) with the semantics of weak definites for the ‘inalienable’ use of the definite determiner. All observed restrictions derive from the requirement that the semantic properties of weak definites and the syntactic configuration of the RP need to be compositionally respected. Finally, I propose some ideas about how this analysis can be extended to crosslinguistic variation in German and English.

THE SEMIOTICS OF DRESS IN ELECHI AMADI’S RURAL NOVELS

The Erekwi Clan features repeatedly in Elechi Amadi’s writing. Of Amadi’s four main works of fiction, three are set entirely in rural communities and they evoke deep cultural significations. The novels are The Concubine (1966), The Great Ponds (1969), and The Slave (1978). This paper examines how Amadi “casts” his characters in situations that reveal the significance of dresses and dressing in their lives. The paper examines the meanings that are embedded in the articles of clothing. To explicate the fashion signs in the texts, this paper rests its interpretation on the plinth of semiotics.

Syntheses, homeomorphic and configurational isomerizations, and structures of macrocyclic aliphatic dibridgehead diphosphines; molecules that turn themselves inside out.

The diphosphine complexes cis- or trans-[upper bond 1 start]PtCl2(P((CH2) n )3P[upper bond 1 end]) (n = b/12, c/14, d/16, e/18) are demetalated by MC[triple bond, length as m-dash]X nucleophiles to give the title compounds (P((CH2) n )3)P (3b-e, 91-71%). These "empty cages" react with PdCl2 or PtCl2 sources to afford trans-[upper bond 1 start]MCl2(P((CH2) n )3P[upper bond 1 end]). Low temperature 31P NMR spectra of 3b and c show two rapidly equilibrating species (3b, 86 : 14; 3c, 97 : 3), assigned based upon computational data to in,in (major) and out,out isomers. These interconvert by homeomorphic isomerizations, akin to turning articles of clothing inside out (3b/c: ΔH ‡ 7.3/8.2 kcal mol-1, ΔS ‡ -19.4/-11.8 eu, minor to major). At 150 °C, 3b, c, e epimerize to (60-51) : (40-49) mixtures of (in,in/out,out) : in,out isomers, which are separated via the bis(borane) adducts 3b, c, e·2BH3. The configurational stabilities of in,out-3b, c, e preclude phosphorus inversion in the interconversion of in,in and out,out isomers. Low temperature 31P NMR spectra of in,out-3b, c reveal degenerate in,out/out,in homeomorphic isomerizations (ΔG ‡ Tc 12.1, 8.5 kcal mol-1). When (in,in/out,out)-3b, c, e are crystallized, out,out isomers are obtained, despite the preference for in,in isomers in solution. The lattice structures are analyzed, and the D 3 symmetry of out,out-3c enables a particularly favorable packing motif. Similarly, (in,in/out,out)-3c, e·2BH3 crystallize in out,out conformations, the former with a cycloalkane solvent guest inside.

Articles of Ethnic Muslim Clothing as an Outward Feature of Identity

Articles of Ethnic Muslim Clothing as an Outward Feature of Identity