Text Of Article Research Articles

Clinical Patient Summaries Not Fit for Purpose: A Study in Urology

We evaluated the comprehensibility of patient summaries provided by urology journals for the general public. The WebFX online tool was used to assess the readability of abstracts and patient summaries by scoring the text according to established readability indices. A total of 266 articles were included and statistical analysis was performed to compare the readability of abstracts and patient summaries, stratified by article type and text type. The results show that patient summaries consistently performed worse than abstracts for all readability metrics, and the readability levels for both abstracts and patient summaries were more advanced than the recommended guidelines on average. This study suggests that patient summaries provided by these urology journals may not be easily understood by the general population, and tools should be developed to help urological researchers improve the accessibility of their work. Patient summaryWe checked how easy it is to read and understand patient summaries and abstracts of research articles from four urology journals. We found that the summaries and abstracts were too hard to read. This study shows that we need to make these summaries easier to read for everyone.

How is automated and self-driving vehicle technology presented in the news media?

The media continues to be a prominent and widely embraced channel for obtaining information on various topics, exerting considerable influence in shaping public opinions. This holds particularly true for the realm of automated vehicles (AVs), as the media consistently covers developments in this field, encompassing both positive aspects such as technological advancements, as well as negative occurrences like incidents involving self-driving cars colliding with pedestrians. The objective of this study was to utilize sentiment analysis techniques to evaluate the portrayal of AV technology in media news coverage. Data was retrieved from Sprinklr using keywords that are often associated with AVs. Over 1.7 million articles were collected on the keywords for relevant articles published between May 1, 2015 to May 24, 2021. Sentiment analysis was carried out on the cleaned data using three different models – VADER, TextBlob, and NRCLex. The sentiment analysis was separately conducted on the title and text of the articles. 2018 recorded the highest number of news articles on the AV technology. The number of negative sentiments in the title of articles published on the web in 2018 increased 12 times compared to the previous year. The negativity induced in 2018 in the news media did not continue in the next year, which explains that the technology experienced short term effects from the negative incidents associated with its early development. The news articles were also found to have subjectivity from the authors in the article text. The findings are expected to stimulate debates among industry players on how to bring the media along the journey of the development and eventual full deployment of AVs.

Латинська мова в інтелектуальному житті європейців ХХ–ХХІ ст.

In the twentieth–twenty-first centuries, Latin is used as the language of European culture, and not only in certain areas of intellectual life. Many scientific journals publish the main text of articles in national languages, accompany them with a Latin abstract, or find a place for Latin poems, humorous stories, crosswords, etc. Some journals were printed entirely in Latin e.g., Latinitas (Vatican), Palaestra Latina (Barcelona), Vox Latina (Saarbrucken), Vita Latina (Avignon), Orbis Latinus (Mendoza), Melissa (Brussels), etc. In the mid-twentieth century, a series of collections of Neo-Latin poetry written by individual authors (Hermann Weller [Tübingen, 1946], Hugo Enrico Paoli [Florence, 1961]), or multinational anthologies were published. Works inspired by dramatic events of history and social and political life of the twentieth–twenty-first centuries stand out among the galaxy of modern neo-Latinists: Hermann Weller’s elegy Y (Tübingen, 1937) – is a pro-foundly allegorical work, a vivid testimony of internal emigration; a collection of neo-Latin poems “Laudes Ukrainae” (“Praise to Ukraine”) by Anna Eliza Radke. “Laudes Ukrainae” includes more than 50 poems in which the poetess’s civic position and attitude to the Russian-Ukrainian war are directly and unequivocally stated. Most of the poems have six language versions: Latin, Ukrainian, Spanish, German, Polish, and French.

The Peculiarities of the Use of Metonymic and Synecdochic Transferences in the Publicism of Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy

This article provides information about the semantic realization of metonymic and synecdochic transferences used in the publicism of Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy, who is a bright representative of the Jadid movement. In the text of publicist articles of the writer, the occurrence of speech metonymy as a result of ellipsis, the semantic structure of synecdochic transferences, and the basis of their formation are revealed.

Racial and Ethnic Inequities in the Return-to-Work of Workers Experiencing Injury or Illness: A Systematic Review

PurposeNon-White workers face more frequent, severe, and disabling occupational and non-occupational injuries and illnesses when compared to White workers. It is unclear whether the return-to-work (RTW) process following injury or illness differs according to race or ethnicity.ObjectiveTo determine racial and ethnic differences in the RTW process of workers with an occupational or non-occupational injury or illness.MethodsA systematic review was conducted. Eight academic databases - Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Sociological s, ASSIA, ABI Inform, and Econ lit - were searched. Titles/abstracts and full texts of articles were reviewed for eligibility; relevant articles were appraised for methodological quality. A best evidence synthesis was applied to determine key findings and generate recommendations based on an assessment of the quality, quantity, and consistency of evidence.Results15,289 articles were identified from which 19 studies met eligibility criteria and were appraised as medium-to-high methodological quality. Fifteen studies focused on workers with a non-occupational injury or illness and only four focused on workers with an occupational injury or illness. There was strong evidence indicating that non-White and racial/ethnic minority workers were less likely to RTW following a non-occupational injury or illness when compared to White or racial/ethnic majority workers.ConclusionsPolicy and programmatic attention should be directed towards addressing racism and discrimination faced by non-White and racial/ethnic minority workers in the RTW process. Our research also underscores the importance of enhancing the measurement and examination of race and ethnicity in the field of work disability management.

From the Editor

From the Editor Dominic Rainsford This is a particularly international issue of Dickens Quarterly, with contributors based in China, Denmark, Japan, Israel, Latvia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This raises a dilemma when it comes to name-order. Chinese and Japanese names (as well as various others not represented in the current issue) are normally presented with the family name first, in the languages in question. Western publishers, and Western society more broadly, have largely adopted the Chinese convention, referring to “Xi Jinping” and “Ai Weiwei,” for example, rather than “Jinping Xi” and “Weiwei Ai.” On the other hand, despite some official encouragement from the Japanese government, Western sources continue to Westernize the order of Japanese names: “Fumio Kishida” and “Yayoi Kusama,” for example, instead of “Kishida Fumio” and “Kusama Yayoi.” A few Western publications–for example, The Economist–now place family names first, consistently, in the case of both Chinese and Japanese individuals, but this is still rare in academic publishing. After consulting with contributors, Dickens Quarterly has decided to proceed, for the time being, with the pragmatic solution of following the predominant Western practice for Chinese and Japanese names, respectively. This was also the choice made by Athena Press, Japan, in the case of the collection Dickens and the Anatomy of Evil, reviewed in this issue. At the same time, Athena joined many other publishers in adopting the convention of placing family names in small capitals in the table of contents, so as to avoid confusion. We have decided to do the same, in the contributor notes and abstracts as well as in the table of contents (although not in bibliographic entries, or in references within the text of articles and reviews). We will keep this matter under review as wider familiarity with different conventions develops and in light of our contributors’ views and wishes. [End Page 137] Dominic Rainsford Aarhus University Copyright © 2023 The Dickens Society

C'mon feel the Moys: a trip through the orange book

AbstractThis article is based on a course on how to use Moys classification scheme,1 delivered by Helen Garner and Felicity Staveley-Taylor on behalf of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL) in November 2022. The article, which is also written by Helen and Felicity, provides guidance on how to use Moys classification, explaining the features that enable the scheme to be expanded to accommodate new subject areas. The article also explains some of the features which ensure the scheme remains relevant to legal libraries today. Sections from the classification scheme, as published in the fifth edition, appear in the article text. In addition, any references to page numbers are to the fifth edition.

Animate or Inanimate: How Does Animacy Affect Relative Clauses Production for Indonesian and Foreign Learners

In second language learning, relative clauses are widely studied. However, research comparing Indonesian and foreign learners’ clauses based on animacy has not been widely done. Besides, animacy affects the difficulty of producing relative clauses. Therefore, this study investigates the role of animacy in the production of relative clauses, the relationship between movement distance and the production of relative clauses, and the role of animacy in conformity with the rules of relative clauses. This research employs a descriptive case study. Data was collected from documents on popular article texts of Indonesian and foreign learners of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The data were analyzed based on the generative transformation theory developed by Noam Chomsky. The study results show that animacy plays a significant role in producing relative clauses. Indonesian and foreign learners compose more relative clauses on inanimate nouns, which function as subjects, objects, and complements. Foreign learners create more relative objects than subjects. Based on distance, short-movement relative clauses are very productive for Indonesian and foreign learners. Most Indonesian (97%) and foreign (85%) learners have produced relative clauses that conform to the rules. However, relative clauses with inanimate head nouns often break the rules.

Adjuvant Therapy in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Patients with Intermediate-Risk Factors, Comparing Between Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Patients with early-stage cervical cancer (ESCC) after radical hysterectomy surgery usually need additional adjuvant treatment, but it depends on the presence or absence of certain risk factors. Factors, such as large tumor size, deep stromal invasion, and lymphovascular space involvement, are classified as intermediate risks. Therefore, postoperative adjuvant concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy (RT) is recommended for ESCC with risk factors. However, it remains controversial whether CRT is superior to RT as an adjuvant regimen for postoperative with risk factors. METHODS: A systematic search was performed within PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases to research the outcome between CRT and RT in ESCC. Three reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts, and full article text to identify studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. If there are any discrepancies, it will be resolved by discussion. In this analysis, the Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias of non-randomized studies. We used review manager 5.4 to calculate the result of 95% CI for the outcomes using odds ratio (OR), random effect model was also used if there is heterogeneity. The primary endpoints of interest are recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 14 studies included in qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis with a total of 5.294 patients were identified. Patients who had RT after radical hysterectomy was found to significantly have a more favorable RFS rate with OR 0.57 95% CI (0.38–0.84), p = 0.005; I2 = 63%. Nine studies were found comparing the OS between adjuvant RT and adjuvant CRT in a patient with ESCC with intermediate risk, the result is quite similar favoring adjuvant RT with significantly better OS outcome OR 0.69 95% CI (0.54–0.87), p = 0.002; I2 =34%. 1.526 had hematologic toxicities, 797 were RT and 729 had CRT. The study showed RT had better outcomes with lesser toxicities (OR 0.11, 95% CI [0.03–0.44] p = 0.002; I2 = 91%). Non-hematological toxicity, with a total of 1.463 patients, 799 were RT and 664 had CRT. Random models were used due to heterogeneity. RT is significantly associated with lesser non- hematologic toxicities with OR 0.34, 95% CI (0.18–0.66) p = 0.001; I2 = 65%. DISCUSSION: During the last two decades, there were significant changes in practice to cure uterine cervical cancer. Based on the consistent results generated in several previous randomized controlled trials, cisplatin-based CCRT has become the standard treatment for advanced cervical cancer. A randomized prospective studies by Sedlis et al., randomized FIGO IB patients without residual tumor or involved lymph nodes but with two or more intermediate-risk factors later named the “Sedlis criteria” to receive observation or RT following radical surgery. Adjuvant RT led to a reduction of recurrence rates at the cost of an approximately 4% higher rate of grade 3/4 adverse events. There was no increase in OS but an improvement of long-term RFS. On the other hand, a study found that RFS and OS were significantly improved in the addition of chemotherapy, especially in patients with clinical-stage IA2, IB, and IIA with para-metric invasion, residual tumor and/or lymph node involvement. This study found that RT had better outcomes in RFS and OS, RT also had lesser hematologic toxicity and non-hematologic toxicity. After all, it is prudent to take into account the adverse events as well as the QOL for long-term survivors. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant RT shows a better outcome in RFS and OS. CRT is often associated with greater hematological and non-hematological toxicities. Further high-quality randomized clinical trials with larger sample size comparing the efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant CRT with RT are recommended.

Uterine and Ovarian Histopathology After Testosterone for Gender Affirmation: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of testosterone on uterine and ovarian pathology in transmasculine patients at the time of gender-affirming surgery. Searches were conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL with Full Text, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Europe PMC for articles published before April 5, 2021, containing concepts of testosterone use, uterine histopathology, and transgender population. The initial search yielded a total of 658 abstracts. Studies were analyzed in full text if they reported one or more uterine or ovarian histopathological findings in a noncisgender population receiving testosterone for gender affirmation. Rayyan software was used for the abstract review. This review was registered with PROSPERO. Twenty-eight full-text articles were reviewed, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Thirteen studies included endometrial histopathology results, representing 522 patients. Endometrial findings demonstrated that 254 patients (48.7%) were atrophic, 243 (46.6%) were proliferative, and 16 (3.0%) were secretory. Twelve patients (2.3%) had endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), including one (0.2%) with focal adenocarcinoma. Eleven studies reported ovarian histopathology in 410 patients and 765 ovaries. A total of 143 (34.9%) patients had polycystic-appearing ovaries. Three (0.7%) patients had benign ovarian neoplasms. No ovarian malignancies were reported. The endometrium was predominately found to be atrophic or proliferative, with low rates of EIN and carcinoma. No ovarian malignancy was observed. Based on this review, patients on testosterone do not have an increased risk of precancerous endometrial lesions due to unopposed hormones in the setting of amenorrhea.

Narrative Asset Pricing: Interpretable Systematic Risk Factors from News Text

Abstract We estimate a narrative factor pricing model from news text of The Wall Street Journal. Our empirical method integrates topic modeling (LDA), latent factor analysis (IPCA), and variable selection (group lasso). Narrative factors achieve higher out-of-sample Sharpe ratios and smaller pricing errors than standard characteristic-based factor models and predict future investment opportunities in a manner consistent with the ICAPM. We derive an interpretation of the estimated risk factors from narratives in the underlying article text. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online

What is mentioned in the famous article by Edmund Gettier

The paper analyzes the problem of interpretations of the Gettier problem. The author draws a distinction between counterexamples presented in Edmund Gettier’s article and Gettier-style cases, between the Gettier problem and general epistemological problem supposedly occurring in all or many Gettier-style cases. It is argued that in Gettier’s article there is a gap associated with an insufficiently defined concept of justification, which does not allow talking about Gettier problem without any explicit or implicit interpretation of his views on justification. Along with this, it is indicated that the same concept of justification has strict features (deductive closure principle, non-factive justification and internalism), which do not allow arbitrary interpretations of the Gettier problem, and therefore we can say that some interpretations are closer to the text of a well-known article.

Guarantees Execution of the Capital Punishment for Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study between Emirati and Jordanian Legislation

This study aimed at a legal and scientific analysis of the Guarantees of the death penalty for pregnant women as a comparative study between Emirati and Jordanian legislation, At a time when there is a lot of controversy over the retention or abolition of this penalty. Researcher sought to analyze the Guarantees of execution of the penalty for the pregnant woman before and after the trial and during the execution between Emirati and Jordanian legislation, also analyzed the Definition of the death penalty and the controversy over maintaining or abolishing this penalty Supporting and opposing sides of Capital Punishment. The study obtained several results, the most important of which is we find that the text of Article 17 – Penal Code- talks about the replacement of the death penalty in life imprisonment, only before the issuance of the final judgment, but in the case of text 358- Code of Criminal Procedure , it is after the issuance of a final judgment in the case, then the execution is carried out after three months. In this we find that the Jordanian legislator was not successful in the text and that there is a conflict in the interest of the youngster and we recommend the legislator to amend the text to replace the death penalty with life imprisonment after the final judgment, in order to protect the fetus and take into account his interests.
 
 Received: 24 January 2023 / Accepted: 21 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Dieter Wolf (1941–2023): a life dedicated to understanding protein quality control and the ubiquitin‐proteasome system

Dieter Wolf (1941–2023): a life dedicated to understanding protein quality control and the ubiquitin‐proteasome system

Effect of physical activity on coronary heart disease risk factors among firefighters: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionPhysical activity interventions have been used for various health conditions, including cardiovascular disease. However, the literature is still limited regarding the effect of physical activity on coronary heart disease among...

PubExN: An Automated PubMed Bulk Article Extractor with Affiliation Normalization Package.

Biomedical article extraction is the preliminary step for every biomedical application. These applications are helpful in finding the gene, disease, chemical, drugs, protein entities. Finding entities relation such as gene-gene entities, drug-disease interaction, and chemical protein relation the PubExN can be helpful for these types of biomedical applications. In most cases, domain experts do this extraction process on their own. Human interference makes this process time-consuming and there is a high probability, that documents can be missed during the extraction process. To get rid of these complicated processes a python package is introduced to automate the process of bulk extraction from the PubMed database. The extraction process covers all the citation information with the associated abstract. The batch approach is used to extract the bulk extraction. The motivation for the development of PubExN was to provide flexibility for the extraction process of biomedical article's text data from NCBI's PubMed database. Basically, NCBI's PubMed database article contains the article id or can say PubMed-id (PMID), the title of the article, abstract, authors information, etc. This package will benefit many biomedical texts mining research including biomedical named entity recognition, biomedical relation extraction, literature discovery, knowledgebase creation, and various biomedical Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. In addition, it could be used in the author name disambiguation problems and new drug discoveries. This package will help save time and extra effort for the extraction and normalization process of PubMed articles.

STATE OF RESEARCH OF CERTAIN ASPECTS OF FEMALE CRIMINALITY IN UKRAINE

Research paper is devoted to the analysis of research on certain aspects of female crime in Ukraine. The article focuses on spectrum systematization of theoretical and practical issues in the field of female crime presented by scientists. The results of relevant scientific research were analyzed by examining the texts of dissertation abstracts, monographs, scientific articles, dissertations and other research papers. The main attention is paid to analysis of research papers of Ukrainian scientists in recent years. The article systematizes according to research areas (criminal-legal characteristics of crimes committed by women; criminological characteristics of female criminals and female crime; criminal and executive aspects of serving a criminal sentence by convicted women) and groups of problematic issues in this field (criminal law characteristics of certain types criminal offenses committed by women, criminal and legal correction of convicted women, criminal-legal and criminological characteristics of female crime, prevention and countermeasures against female crime, etc.).

Vasopressin Use in the Support of Organ Donors: Physiological Rationale and Review of the Literature.

Detailed search strategies in PubMed, OVID Medline, and EMBASE were undertaken using Medical Subject Headings and Key Words. Physiological articles regarding brain death, and preclinical animal and human studies about the use of vasopressin or analogs, as an intervention in organ support for donation, were considered. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full text of articles to determine eligibility. Data encompassing models, population, methodology, outcomes, and relevant concepts were extracted. Following brain death, profound reduction in sympathetic outflow is associated with reduced cardiac output, vascular tone, and hemodynamic instability in donors. In addition to reducing catecholamine needs and reversing diabetes insipidus, vasopressin has been shown to limit pulmonary injury and decrease systemic inflammatory response in animals. Several observational studies show the benefit of vasopressin on hemodynamic parameters and catecholamine sparing in donors. Small trials suggest that vasopressin increase organ procurement and have some survival benefit for recipients. However, the risk of bias is overall concerning, and therefore the quality of the evidence is deemed low. Despite potential impact on graft outcome and a protective effect through catecholamine support sparing, the benefit of vasopressin use in organ donors is based on low evidence. Well-designed observational and randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Epigenetic escape of immunosurveillance by malignant cell precursors.

Newly formed malignant cells must escape immunosurveillance to generate progressing neoplastic lesions of clinical relevance. Recent data indicate that the immunogenicity of nascent cancer cells, at least in some settings, is dictated by inherent epigenetic mechanisms rather than by immunoediting and the consequent Darwinian selection of poorly immunogenic phenotypes.

Structural insights into angiotensin receptor signaling modulation by balanced and biased agonists.

The peptide hormone angiotensin II regulates blood pressure mainly through the type 1 angiotensin II receptor AT1 R and its downstream signaling proteins Gq and β-arrestin. AT1 R blockers, clinically used as antihypertensive drugs, inhibit both signaling pathways, whereas AT1 R β-arrestin-biased agonists have shown great potential for the treatment of acute heart failure. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human AT1 R in complex with a balanced agonist, Sar1 -AngII, and Gq protein at 2.9 Å resolution. This structure, together with extensive functional assays and computational modeling, reveals the molecular mechanisms for AT1 R signaling modulation and suggests that a major hydrogen bond network (MHN) inside the receptor serves as a key regulator of AT1 R signal transduction from the ligand-binding pocket to both Gq and β-arrestin pathways. Specifically, we found that the MHN mutations N1113.35 A and N2947.45 A induce biased signaling to Gq and β-arrestin, respectively. These insights should facilitate AT1 R structure-based drug discovery for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.