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The Legal Protection for Patent Holders in Divided Infringement in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the elements of patent infringement in divided infringement cases and the legal protection for patent holders in Indonesia. The research employs a normative juridical research method, selected due to the legal vacuum. The approaches used include the Legislative Approach, Comparative Approach, and Case Approach, which collectively establish guidelines regarding the key issues addressed in this study. The research findings reveal that current Indonesian patent law, as outlined in Law No. 13 of 2016, does not regulate the elements present in divided infringement, leading to legal gaps in protecting patent holders. The absence of provisions for indirect infringement leaves patent holders vulnerable and limits their ability to seek compensation from those who contribute to violations in divided infringement. To address these issues, the article recommends that Indonesia adapt regulations encompassing indirect infringement and enhance the legal framework protecting the exclusive rights of patent holders. This adaptation would not only promote innovation but also provide clearer avenues for legal recourse against parties contributing to patent infringement, thereby reinforcing the enforcement of intellectual property rights in Indonesia.

A Literature Review of Dinamics Teacher Welfare in Indonesia

The welfare of teachers plays an important role in improving the quality of education and professional performance. This article explores various dimensions of teacher well-being, including economic, psychological, and social aspects, and their impact on work motivation, competence, and teaching performance. The analysis also includes the influence of certification, workload, and role model teacher figures in building student readiness for a career as an educator. Self-efficacy is identified as a significant mediating variable in the relationship between teacher well-being and career readiness. This study uses a literature approach to understand the relationship between welfare policies, work motivation, and improving education quality. The results emphasize the importance of fair and inclusive welfare policies, accompanied by competency-based training programs, to support teachers as the spearhead of national education in the digital era. This article recommends strengthening synergy between the government, educational institutions, and the community to create a sustainable, quality education ecosystem.

Tantangan dalam Pendidikan MIPA dan Solusinya untuk Pendidikan Inklusif

MIPA education (Mathematics and Natural Sciences) plays a strategic role in developing excellent human resources in the modern era. However, the disparity in access to and the quality of MIPA education in Indonesia remains a significant challenge, particularly in remote areas. This article aims to identify the factors contributing to the gap in MIPA education, analyze its impact on learning quality, and propose solutions to address the issue. The main causes of this disparity include inadequate infrastructure, uneven distribution of teachers, and technological and socio-economic barriers. The consequences range from low student interest in science and technology to inequality in educational quality across regions. This article recommends strengthening policies for equitable education, enhancing remote learning technologies, and fostering cross-sector collaboration to create inclusive and sustainable MIPA education.

Unbundling Social Security from the Payroll Tax

This Article emphasizes that social security funding has contributed significantly to the shift in tax burdens from high income and wealth to low and moderate income and wealth individuals. To preserve social security as a welfare program primarily for older individuals and to ameliorate the distributional inequity of funding social security across income and wealth levels, the Article proposes unbundling of the benefit side of social security from its longstanding payroll tax funding mechanism. The Article recommends substituting a budget allocation from general revenues for current payroll tax revenue. The substitution would be accompanied by revenue replacement through limitations on both social security benefits for higher income individuals and more general, high income centric tax expenditures while increasing income tax marginal rates moderately. Modifying social security benefits from their current overinclusive, entitlement structure for all to moderately needs-based entitlement possibly freed from the constraint of the current contribution requirement that makes social security underinclusive would help provide the older population an income to facilitate dignified aging.

The Role of Nyakyusa Superstitious Sayings in Developing Indigenous Instructions

This article has examined the role of superstitious sayings in developing indigenous instruction with reference to Nyakyusa community in Tanzania. The primary data obtained from Rungwe district in the Mbeya region. Data were obtained in the villages and wards of Kandete (Mwela), Luteba (Kilasi), and Isange (Mbigili). A total of 54 respondents were interviewed making an average of 18 respondents in each village. The ratio of respondents was based on gender and age criteria. Interviews and asking questions techniques were used to get data from the target audience. A review of the documents used to verify the primary data was obtained by electronic and library approaches. The analysis of the accessible data were guided by Sociological theory. One of its foundations is to look at the natural environment of society as the one that determines the way a literary work should be. The results of the study are presenteddescriptively. The results of the research have shown various missions that aim to train, strengthen and keep the community together on the solid foundations of community traditions and customs. Similarly, they have presented basic human actions that manifest themselves in all aspects of life and its development. Therefore, this article recommends that more research be done in other genres of oral literature about the role of superstitious sayings in developing indigenous instruction in the community.

Cigarette packaging as a commercial determinant of smoking: A thematic analysis of Filipinos' perception of graphic health warnings and plain packaging in the Philippines.

In line with recommendations of Article 11 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the Philippines has implemented graphic health warnings (GHWs) on cigarette packs. While the Graphic Health Warnings Law was passed in 2014, it was only implemented in 2016. Using a commercial determinants of health framework, this study aims to contribute evidence on Filipinos' perceptions of GHWs and the potential plain packaging of tobacco products in the Philippines. We used a dataset based on open-ended questions in online and nationwide household surveys from 2021. Data collectors showed mock-up sets of cigarette packs based on the Philippines' law on GHWs and Thailand's and Singapore's plain packaging to respondents to gather their comments on each pack's features and its GHW. We conducted a thematic analysis to extract themes in respondents' perceptions. We gathered 3,723 responses from online and household surveys. Most respondents commented on the Philippine packs' ineffectiveness and lauded GHWs from Singapore and Thailand for their characteristics and the information in the warnings, remarking that valuable features of Singapore and Thailand's plain packs for making current cigarette packaging more effective were larger GHWs, less brand visibility, and quitline availability. The study supports recent literature assessing local GHWs. Current GHWs are seen as ineffective, highlighting the need for policy reform. Policymakers should consider prohibiting single-stick cigarette sales, adopting plain packaging with larger GHWs to decrease brand visibility, and increasing the visibility and accessibility of quitlines to motivate smokers to quit and discourage Filipinos from smoking.

Kontribusi Hukum Pidana Islam terhadap Pembentukan Warga Negara yang Berkeadaban

Islamic criminal law significantly contributes to shaping a civilized citizenry through the enforcement of principles of justice, responsibility, and respect for human rights. This article aims to analyze how Islamic criminal law, with a maqasid al-shariah approach, provides a moral and ethical foundation for developing individual character as part of a civic community. The study identifies the core elements of Islamic criminal law, such as the concepts of hudud, qisas, and ta'zir, and examines their implementation in the context of a modern pluralistic state. Using a normative-juridical method and a comparative approach, this article explores the harmonization of Islamic criminal law with the positive legal system in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Islamic criminal law not only seeks to uphold legal justice but also aims to build a society rooted in ethical and civilized values. Integrating these values into national legal policies has the potential to strengthen a civic identity that is religious, just, and civilized, while respecting societal diversity. This article recommends enhancing Islamic legal education as a strategic effort to create synergy between Islamic criminal law and the development of exemplary citizens.

Perlindungan Hukum Nasabah dari Kejahatan Phising dalam Layanan Perbankan Digital di Indonesia

The digitalization of the banking sector, driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has significantly impacted the ease of financial transactions through digital banking services. However, this progress also creates vulnerabilities to cybercrimes, particularly phishing, which aims to steal customers' personal data via fake websites or messages. This article examines relevant legal frameworks, including Law No. 19 of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transactions (EIT Law), the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP), and regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), such as POJK No. 12/POJK.03/2018 on Digital Banking Services. Employing a normative qualitative approach, the study explores the legal protection available to customers as phishing victims and the responsibilities of banks in preventing and addressing such threats. This article recommends strengthening banks' technological security systems, enhancing customers' digital literacy, and enforcing laws more effectively to establish secure and reliable digital banking services.

The Emergence of Education for Sustainable Development in Namibia’s Senior Primary English Language Curriculum: A Morphogenetic Case Study

Senior Primary English Language Teaching is an important site for implementing Namibia’s Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE/ESD) Policy. Language Teaching lends itself to ESD pedagogies and can be responsive to sustainability-oriented content. This article summarizes a qualitative case study of ESD implementation through the Senior Primary English Language curriculum between 1990 and 2018. Data included documents, a questionnaire with 43 Senior Primary English Language teachers in the Khomas Region of Namibia and in-depth interviews with 12 teachers. Framed by Margaret Archer’s social realist theory of Morphogenesis, the study’s findings point to a policy–practice disjuncture of relevance to policy makers, teacher educators and other ESD partners. The article recommends building English Language teachers’ agency for ESD implementation in Namibia by strengthening the EE/ESD foci in pre- and in-service teacher programmes, expanding and strengthening networks and school cluster subject groups, and prioritizing making environmental content knowledge more accessible through textbooks and other teaching resources.

CHALLENGES OF GREEN SCHOOL QUALITY ASSESSMENT

The Green School Quality Standard offers criteria for integrating holistic institutional and sustainable development education, that demonstrate commitment to green education, integrate environmental principles and climate action into the delivery of school educational services. The ultimate goal of the standard is to provide a complete educational roadmap, that ensures continuity and interdependence between educational stages, from early years to higher education. In article recommendations are made for improving the implementation of the audit for quality of green education, discussing also the road map for completing audit processing of the results from activity of the green school.

Research on Equity in Early Childhood Education in Western China: A Case Study of Sichuan Province

Abstract: This article investigates the issue of equity in early childhood education in Western China through interviews with ten kindergarten principals from the region. The study reveals several factors impacting educational fairness, including a vague understanding of the concept of educational equity, a lack of equitable practices in education, and the inability to ensure equal educational opportunities. Furthermore, the region faces a severe shortage of early childhood educational resources, instability within the teaching staff, difficulty in maintaining educational quality, and a lack of communication and cooperation among kindergartens. These issues contribute significantly to the imbalance of educational opportunities, severely affecting the normal development of children and the overall quality of preschool education. To address these challenges, the article recommends enhancing policy support to improve resource allocation and optimization, increasing professional training and compensation for teachers to strengthen the practice of equity in education, and raising societal awareness about the importance of educational equity. These measures are crucial for promoting equitable and high-quality education for every child in Western China, ensuring that all children have access to equal and quality educational opportunities.

Can We Learn From Trust in Simulation to Gain Trust in AI?

This short feature article recommends learning from the M&S community and shifting from trust in the model towards trust in the result. Trust is not only gained by technically mature solutions but is predominantly shaped by the relationship between provider and customer.

One Hundred Percent Transition Policy in Kenya & Self-Esteem among Learners

This article progresses from a research that was done to investigate the effects of one hundred percent transition policy on the self-esteem of learners in public secondary schools, within Butula Sub County, Busia County, Kenya. Guided by resilience theory, the article employs a descriptive survey design. The target comprises of 3235 participants, including 3206 students, 28 school principals and 1 Sub County Director of Education. Stratified random sampling was employed to ensure that all parts of the population were represented in the sample, as a measure of increasing its efficiency. Simple random sampling is utilized to give all participants an equal opportunity to participate in the study where the selection process was entirely based on luck. Purposive sampling was used to gain a deep understanding of phenomena from Sub County Director of Education sample as representative of education office. Data collection tools included interviews schedule, questionnaires, and observation guides. A pilot study ensured validity and reliability of data collection instrument. Quantitative data were analysed, revealed that implementation of 100% transition policy did not statistically significantly influence self-esteem of the learners, β = -0.694, t = -0.1250, p > 0.05. Consequently, the research article recommends for professional counselling to help students navigate emotional hurdles effectively thus improving their self-esteem

The Use Of Language That Creates Intent In Riddles Consequential From Social Variation In Tanzania

This article has examined how the aspect of language use creates intent in the riddles arising from social change in Tanzania. The primary data used in the analysis, discussion and presented in this article were found in the library by the method of careful reading. The target selection technique was used to find selected riddles by referring to the specific objective of the article aimed at investigating how the use of language creates intent in riddles resulting from social change. A review of the documents used to verify the primary data was obtained through electronic and library methods. The results of the study are presented in a descriptive manner. The analysis and discussion of the data presented was guided by the theory of New Historism. The results of the study show that there is a specific relationship between the elements of language in building the objectives that are linked to the changes that occur in society. The use of language elements has focused on the issue of context, time and the needs of society in designing a language that depicts the real situation in society. Also, the selected genre has given us a Figurative language that it is a solid link in building the foundations for understanding cultural change and the development of science and technology as an important tool in designing the mission and language of riddles that review those changes. This article recommends that more research be done to examine the role of riddles arising from social change in building sustainable foundations to maintain and strengthen traditional ideologies and philosophies in this country.

The Adaptive Approach In Digital Transformation of Primary Education: Implementation of Digitalization In Elementary Schools In Maluku

This article aims to analyze and explore the challenges faced by elementary schools in Maluku in the disruptive era, particularly regarding education transformation oriented towards digitalization. The significant changes in the education sector require elementary schools to not only focus on system innovation but also on shifting the mindset of educators in managing educational services and learning processes. This research uses a qualitative method, with a descriptive approach through in-depth interviews, observation, and literature reviews. The study found that the utilization of digital technology in elementary schools in Maluku faces various challenges, including limited infrastructure, insufficient human resource readiness, and resistance to change. However, adaptation to the disruptive era is inevitable, making it essential for schools in Maluku to immediately design effective strategies for implementing holistic digitalization. The research findings highlight the urgency of educational transformation in Maluku, where the success of digitalization largely depends on the mental readiness and skills of educational implementers. The study also shows that optimal digital transformation efforts will support the improvement of education quality amid global challenges. This article recommends developing human resource capacity and providing adequate technological infrastructure as strategic steps for advancing education in island regions. Hence, this article contributes new insights to social sciences and humanities studies, particularly in the context of elementary education digitalization in remote areas.

The Pursuit of Doctoral Studies in an African Context

This paper discusses the pursuit of doctoral studies in an African context. Doctoral studies are not a new development worldwide. It has been reported that the first conferred doctoral degree was at the University of Paris. This paper examines the situation of doctoral studies in Africa, the role of doctoral students, the role of supervisors, doctoral studies across the globe, and the challenges facing doctoral students in Africa. This paper reveals that the role of a doctoral student is planning research, scheduling meetings, searching for literature, carrying out the research, drafting the thesis preparation, proofreading the thesis, writing the final thesis, submitting the final thesis, defending the final thesis, publishing the final thesis, and communicating the findings in the form of publications. The situation of doctoral studies in Africa, the role of supervisors, doctoral studies across the globe, and the challenges facing doctoral students in Africa have been discussed. It is recommended that the research work should be collaborative to enhance sharing of ideas and knowledge, involvement in presentations at seminars, participating in conferences/workshops, commitment to a research plan, and if possible joining research associations or groups. In this article recommendations for the quality doctoral programs in Africa have been provided. The conclusion states that the effort and input of supervisors also play a critical role in the quality of doctoral students who are turned out at any point in time. So, the future of research in the African context needs special attention regarding the role of role of doctoral candidates, supervisors and the government itself.

Article Recommendations with Item-Based Collaborative Filtering on Online News Portals

News portals generate additional traffic or traffic visits from the article recommendation widget. However, it is unfortunate that the traffic visits obtained from the widget are still relatively small. The article recommendation widget is rarely clicked by readers because the available recommended articles are less relevant to readers, resulting in one reader only reading no more than 2 articles obtained from the article recommendation widget. The purpose of this study is to further optimize the currently available article recommendation widget feature by adding reader interest data so that the number of articles read by one user will increase and will directly have an impact on increasing traffic visits. The method used in this study is Item Based Collaborative Filtering. After using the item-based filtering method by calculating the set of items x read and the duration of the reader's time in reading item x. In this study, a simulation was given to one of the reader samples and it was found that the highest interest of the reader sample was in reading sports news with a calculation score is 0.743210. The results of this study are article recommendations that match the reader's interests. The results of the study are expected to help users find articles that match their interests and preferences, so that they can increase the level of interaction and engagement with online media.

Determining the materiality for auditing procedures in relation to integrated reporting

Subject. This article examines the problem of fragmentation of the methodology for auditing (certifying) non-financial reporting, namely, determining the materiality for auditing procedures in relation to integrated reporting. Objectives. The article aims to analyze and work out the existing methodological approach to determining materiality for auditing procedures in relation to integrated reporting, taking into account the features of modern corporate reporting and the requirements of international standards. Methods. For the study, I used logical analysis and synthesis. Results. The article proposes a systems approach to the implementation of audit procedures in terms of unifying the process of determining materiality in the context of the changing paradigm of corporate reporting. Conclusions. When determining materiality as part of audit procedures in relation to integrated reporting, the article recommends adhering to the principle of quantification of double materiality in relation to the financial materiality of the business process decomposed by the cost item.

Excellence Practices in Scrum Paradigm in Software Development

This article presents a comprehensive approach to improving Scrum methodology in practical software development. This article is intended for software engineering scientists and expert practitioners who develop their software products in the Scrum paradigm. The proposed best practices align with contemporary trends in the IT domain, including the complete digitalization and virtualization of production processes, the shift to fully remote software development, the integration of artificial intelligence technologies, and cost-saving models in team organization. The changes in software production processes discussed in this article are based on research conducted between 2020 and 2023. Those research encompasses the experiences of leading Russian, European, and international IT companies, and highlights the significant shift in IT business organization towards new standards of Scrum team efficiency. These standards include the data-driven formalization of production models, automation through AI tools, and visible cost optimization in engineer's teams, aligning closely with the demands of modern IT businesses. The article outlines a set of management actions designed to adapt to these evolving trends in the IT domain. These actions range from the formalization of sprint goals and processes in Scrum to sophisticated management of technical debt and the cost-effective organization of developer teams. As a main contribution in the article there are presented most valuable Scrum paradigm excellence elements: implementing measurable and specific sprint goals in SMART-format, cost-saving practices, management of sprint parameters, usage of AI tools in software engineering. Presented in article recommendations might help in practical implementation of those process changes, based on industry practice and reduce any corresponding risks on software development projects. Received: 18 June 2024 | Revised: 12 August 2024 | Accepted: 5 September 2024 Conflicts of Interest The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study. Author Contribution Statement Denis Pashchenko: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration

How to Stop Worrying About What Other People Think of You at Work

This article discusses the negative impacts of worrying excessively about others' perceptions at work and provides strategies for overcoming people-pleasing tendencies through cultivating self-awareness, acceptance, and focusing on valuable outputs rather than impressions management or competitive comparisons. Constantly seeking approval and validation can be mentally and emotionally draining as well as hinder productivity and creativity, as research shows this stems from a lack of self-worth conditioned from childhood, particularly for women socialized to prioritize others. The article recommends developing self-awareness of intrinsic values and communication techniques like learning to say no comfortably, speaking concisely with purpose, and welcoming feedback graciously. Real-world case studies across industries illustrate applying these, such as a nonprofit director focusing meetings on solutions rather than disclaimers, a healthcare account manager prioritizing metrics over expectations, and an engineering lead openly discussing decisions while welcoming different perspectives. Overcoming ingrained people-pleasing allows professionals to feel empowered contributing their best work through self-development and outcome-driven mindsets.