Hip Arthritis Research Articles

Automatic quantification and grading of hip bone marrow oedema in ankylosing spondylitis based on deep learning.

This study has developed a new automatic algorithm for the quantificationy and grading of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-hip arthritis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (1) This study designs a new segmentation network based on deep learning, and a classification network based on deep learning. (2) We train the segmentation model and classification model with the training data and validate the performance of the model. (3) The segmentation results of inflammation in MRI images were obtained and the hip joint was quantified using the segmentation results. A retrospective analysis was performed on 141 cases; 101 patients were included in the derived cohort and 40 in the validation cohort. In the derivation group, median percentage of bone marrow oedema (BME) for each grade was as follows: 36% for grade 1 (<15%), 42% for grade 2 (15-30%),and 22% for grade 3 (≥30%). The accuracy of 44 cases on 835 AS images was 85.7%. Our model made 31 correct decisions out of 40 AS test cases. This study showed that THE accuracy rate 85.7%. An automatic computer-based analysis of MRI has the potential of being a useful method for the diagnosis and grading of AS hip BME.

The spectrum of septic hip arthritis in neonates, a study of 12 children

Septic arthritis is a common reason for persistent sepsis in neonates. It is often a result of systemic sepsis. While the treatment is clear in older children, with majority of them requiring surgical intervention, the high risk of anesthesia in small children makes surgical intervention tricky. We studied various parameters in 12 children that presented to us for management of septic arthritis. We found that a timely surgical intervention, even if there is a mild effusion leads to a shorter IV antibiotic requirement and early return of motion.

Early Complications of using Dual Mobility Cup in Total Hip Arthroplasty. A Systematic Review

Abstract Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered one of the most successful surgical procedures providing pain relief and improvement of function in patients with end-stage hip arthritis that does not respond to non-operative treatments. As health care continues to improve and life expectancy increases, the demand for total joint replacement will grow to reflect this more active, aging population. Objectives This study aims to review early complications of dual mobility cup arthroplasty. The objective is to perform a systematic review of early complications of dual mobility cup arthroplasty for primary and revision cases. Methodology Types of studies we will include randomized control trails (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, retrospective cohort studies, and we will exclude case reports, case series studies, cross sectional studies, non English studies. Search results will be conducted to systematic review management software and manually screened for eligibility to be included. PRISMA flowchart will be produced based on the search results and the inclusion/exclusion criteria. We will search the MED-LINE database, PubMed, Cochrane Bone and Muscle Trauma Group Specialized Register, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trails (The Cochrane Library) using the following keywords related to: THA, Dual mobility cup, complications, intraprosethetic dislocation. Results Early complication rate in dual mobility cups is significantly higher in revision cases compared to primary cases, with the exception of IPD which was significantly lower in revision cases. Early complication rate of conventional THA was significantly higher than both primary and revision dual mobility cups. Conclusion Dual mobility THAs are a good alternative to traditional bearing surfaces with long survivorship and low rates of instability after primary and revision THA. The rate of complications which are unique to the procedure, including intraprosthetic dislocation, is relatively low and limited mainly to earlier designs. High-quality, prospective, comparative studies are needed to further evaluate the use of dual mobility in primary and revision THA.

The Clinical and MRI Effect of TNF-α Inhibitors in Spondyloarthritis Patients With Hip Involvement: A Real-World Observational Clinical Study

ObjectivesHip involvement is an important cause of disability and poor prognosis in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor treatment has been demonstrated to be effective in SpA patients with hip arthritis; however, quantitative assessment using MRI in long-term follow-up needs further application and observation.MethodsA total of 239 patients were involved in this study. Methotrexate and sulfasalazine were given as basic treatment. In total, 165 patients received TNF-α inhibitors plus basic treatment, and 74 received basic treatment only, as controls. Clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, and 52. MRI performances of hip arthritis, including bone marrow edema (BME) and synovitis, were quantitatively assessed using the Hip Inflammation MRI Scoring System (HIMRISS).ResultsThe clinical values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Harris hip score, and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)-ESR in both groups showed significant clinical remission at week 52 (p < 0.001). However, the change in disease activity levels at week 52 in the control group was significantly worse than in the TNF-α inhibitor group. At week 52, MRI showed a significant remission trend in the TNF-α inhibitor group versus baseline, and total HIMRISS scores were significantly decreased (26.49 ± 10.37 vs. 20.59 ± 9.41, p < 0.001); the control group only had slight improvement (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTNF-α inhibitors could significantly improve clinical and MRI manifestations of hip involvement in patients with SpA. Quantitative MRI assessment combined with clinical assessment can be used to accurately evaluate the treatment effect of TNF-α in SpA patients with hip involvement to help guide targeted treatment.

Prevalence of pistol-grip deformity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

To our knowledge, the prevalence of pistol-grip deformity (PGD) has not previously been studied in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). This study aimed to evaluate PGD prevalence in patients with axSpA and to assess its relationship with the clinical and demographic factors. A total of 158 patients with axSpA in whom diagnosis was established according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society criteria in rheumatology department and 193 age- and sex-matched controls admitted to the emergency room and had anteroposterior (AP) pelvic X-rays were included in the study. PGD was identified by determining the non-spherical shape of the femoral head on AP hip or pelvic X-rays. Prevalence of PGD was significantly higher in patients with axSpA than in controls (20.3% vs. 8.8%, respectively, p=0.002). PGD was also found to be more frequent in patients with radiographic axSpA than in those with non-radiographic axSpA (26/106 [24.5%] vs. 6/52 [11.5%]); however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.056). The presence of PGD was significantly associated with the presence of hip arthritis (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-8.7; p=0.023), ever smoking (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.4-13.6; p=0.008), and male sex (OR, 38.7; 95% CI, 5.1-292.7; p<0.001) in univariate analyses. In multivariate model, ever smoking (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.10-10.05; p=0.03) and male sex (OR, 27.0; 95% CI, 3.5-208.4; p=0.002) were associated with PGD. PGD was significantly more common in patients with axSpA. Presence of PGD correlated significantly with hip arthritis, smoking, and sex. We assume that new bone formation could be the possible reason for increased PGD prevalence. Femoroacetabular impingement should be considered as a secondary cause of hip pain in patients with axSpA.

Методи візуалізації дефектів кульшової западини при диспластичному коксартрозі

Актуальність. Залежно від напрямку зміщення головки стегнової кістки коксартроз можна поділити на центральну та суперлатеральну форми; у другому випадку основною причиною є диспластичні зміни суглобових кінців кісток, що формують кульшовий суглоб. Наявні класифікації диспластичного коксартрозу мають описовий характер і оцінюють вибірково або форму кульшової западини, або відстань, на яку головка стегнової кістки зміщується в краніальному напрямку, але жодна з них не враховує дефекти кульшової западини, викликані дисплазію, або їх вплив на результати оперативного лікування. Мета дослідження — оцінити рентгенантропометричні показники кульшової западини при диспластичному коксартрозі з наступною візуалізацією дефектів, що визначають результати ендопротезування кульшового суглоба. Матеріали та методи. Виконано аналіз основних рентгенантропометричних показників кульшової западини 201 кульшового суглоба з ознаками диспластичного коксартрозу та 70 здорових кульшових суглобів без ознак дисплазії. Вивчено показники ширини, глибини, товщини дна кульшової западини, індекс кульшової западини (відношення глибини до ширини), її інклінацію й обсяг диспластичного дефекту. Статистичний аналіз містив розрахунки середніх, відносних величин, медіани, квартилів, непараметричних критеріїв Манна — Уїтні, Крускала — Уолліса з медіанним тестом, непараметричної кореляції Кендалла. Різницю між порівнюваними величинами вважали статистично значущою за умови р &lt; 0,05. Результати. Після статистичної обробки визначено, що при дисплазії кульшової западини (типи А–С за N.S. Eftekhar) показники змінюються лінійно. Були виділені пари показників, що пов’язані між собою. Так, збільшення ширини кульшової западини відбувається одночасно зі збільшенням її інклінації, але збільшення останньої є більш істотним. Товщина дна та глибина кульшової западини, навпаки, мають зворотню кореляцію. Побудовано діаграму, що візуалізує зміни кульшової западини при диспластичному коксартрозі, а також таблицю сполучення, що дозволяє скласти формулу кульшової западини для будь­якого типу диспластичної деформації. Окремо розглянуте поняття диспластичного дефекту кульшової западини. Частота його поширеності та розміри залежать від різниці між положенням центру ротації головки стегнової кістки при диспластичному коксартрозі та центру обертання кульшового суглоба в нормі. Висновки. Деформації кульшового суглоба при диспластичному коксартрозі відображають труднощі, що виникають перед хірургом у процесі передопераційного планування й виконання ендопротезування кульшового суглоба. Проте розуміння патоморфології цього захворювання дозволяє вирішити низку проблем, що пов’язані з хірургічною технікою імплантації, наприклад, поглиблення дна кульшової западини за рахунок дозованої резекції чи визначення потреби у кістковій пластиці диспластичного дефекту, необхідність виконання додаткових методів обстеження при підготовці пацієнтів цієї категорії до операції.

Avascular necrosis after femoral neck fracture in children and adolescents: poor prognosis and risk factors.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) after femoral neck fracture (FNF) is a rare and severe paediatric condition, but only few studies described its prognosis and risk factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the outcomes and independent factors for poor prognosis of AVN after FNF in children and adolescents. This retrospective study included children and adolescents with AVN after FNF who received conservative treatment (CT group) or non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG group) between 2000 and 2018. The primary outcomes were the risk of hip arthritis (Tönnis grade) and hip deformity risk (Stulberg classification). All patients were followed for at least twoyears to assess AVN progression. Study included 81 patients. In the CT group, 23/43 patients (53.4%) developed hip arthritis, and 24/43 patients (55.8%) showed hip deformity. In the NVBG group, 23/38 patients (60.5%) developed hip arthritis, and 34/38 patients (89.5%) had a hip deformity. The multivariable analysis indicated that NVBG surgery had no significant effect on the outcomes. Post-treatment femoral head collapse (P = 0.05, OR = 3.80, 95% CI = 1.01-14.29) and post-treatment hip subluxation (P = 0.01, OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 2.31-129.56) were independent risk factors for severe hip arthritis. Post-treatment femoral head collapse (P < 0.01, OR = 7.64, 95% CI = 3.23-18.04) and pre-treatment hip subluxation (P = 0.02, OR = 7.33, 95% CI = 1.44-37.41) were independent risk factors for severe hip deformity. Neither CT nor NVBG have demonstrated superiority regarding long-term outcomes in patients with AVN after FNF. Upon the disease progression to severe collapse with subluxation and severe arthritis, further hip preservation attempts could be futile.

Use of 3D Printed Models to Determine Accurate Bone Cuts during a Periacetabular Osteotomy for Developmental Hip Dysplasia

AbstractThe periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a powerful tool to delay the progression of hip arthritis by reorienting the acetabulum. This study aimed to use three-dimensional (3D)-printed models of the pelvis, reconstructed from the computed tomography (CT) scans of patients, to model how the level of dysplasia and its location ilium osteotomy affect radiographic outcomes following PAO. This pilot study aims to determine if preoperative 3D printing/planning can assist in predicting radiographic outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of five patients with differing levels of hip dysplasia for whom we had obtained CT scans before PAO surgery. For each patient, we printed two pelvis models that would undergo standardized cuts of the PAO procedure, with variations only in the distance of the ilium start point (one-third of the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine and anterior inferior iliac spine [AIIS] vs. two-thirds of the distance). We then mobilized the acetabular fragment into eight reproducible positions in space by moving the ilium cut a combination of 0, 1, or 2 cm anterior/lateral. Each position of the newly realigned acetabula was examined under fluoroscopy to obtain a standardized anteroposterior view, and to obtain standardized radiographic measurements in the form of lateral center edge angle (CEA), acetabular depth, Tonnis angle, and acetabular inclination. We performed 80 simulations of the PAO with varying degrees of acetabular mobilization. On average, in the models where the supra-acetabular cut was closer to the AIIS, we found more significant degrees of radiographic correction, regarding Tonnis angles (12.91 vs. 7.95, p = 0.0175), acetabular inclination (20.25 vs. 9.875, p = 0.027), and lateral CEA (11.75 vs. 2.5, p = 0.061). Patients who had greater dysplasia also had more significant degrees of radiographic Tonnis angle correction with the same mobilization movements of the acetabula (p = 0.005). When utilizing 3D printing to model PAO in dysplasia pelvises, we found that both a higher level of preoperative dysplasia and starting the supra-acetabular osteotomy closer to the AIIS were associated with more powerful corrections following smaller manipulations.

Patient gender does not influence referral to an orthopaedic surgeon by advanced practice orthopaedic providers: a prospective observational study in Canada

BackgroundThe role of an advanced practice physiotherapist has been introduced in many countries to improve access to care for patients with hip and knee arthritis. Traditional models of care have shown a gender bias, with women less often referred and recommended for surgery than men. This study sought to understand if patient gender affects access to care in the clinical encounter with the advanced practice provider. Our objectives were: (1) To determine if a gender difference exists in the clinical decision to offer a consultation with a surgeon; (2) To determine if a gender difference exists in patients’ decisions to accept a consultation with a surgeon among those patients to whom it is offered; and, (3) To describe patients’ reasons for not accepting a consultation with a surgeon.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 815 patients presenting to a tertiary care centre for assessment of hip and knee arthritis, with referral onward to an orthopaedic surgeon when indicated. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for severity to address the first objective and a simple logistic regression analysis to answer the second objective. Reasons for not accepting a surgical consultation were obtained by questionnaire.ResultsEight hundred and fifteen patients (511 women, 304 men) fulfilled study eligibility criteria. There was no difference in the probability of being referred to a surgeon for men and women (difference adjusted for severity = − 0.02, 95% CI: − 0.07, 0.02). Neither was there a difference in the acceptance of a referral for men and women (difference = − 0.05, 95% CI: − 0.09, 0.00). Of the 14 reasons for declining a surgical consultation, 5 showed a difference with more women than men indicating a preference for non-surgical treatment along with fears/concerns about surgery.ConclusionsThere is no strong evidence to suggest there is a difference in proportion of males and females proceeding to surgical consultation in the model of care that utilizes advanced practice orthopaedic providers in triage. This study adds to the evidence that supports the use of suitably trained alternate providers in roles that reduce wait times to care and add value in contexts where health human resources are limited. The care model is a viable strategy to assist in managing the growing backlog in orthopaedic care, recently exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

An algorithmic approach to total hip arthroplasty in patient with post-polio paralysis and fixed pelvic obliquity.

AimsTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with post-polio residual paralysis (PPRP) is challenging. Despite relief in pain after THA, pre-existing muscle imbalance and altered gait may cause persistence of difficulty in walking. The associated soft tissue contractures not only imbalances the pelvis, but also poses the risk of dislocation, accelerated polyethylene liner wear, and early loosening.MethodsIn all, ten hips in ten patients with PPRP with fixed pelvic obliquity who underwent THA as per an algorithmic approach in two centres from January 2014 to March 2018 were followed-up for a minimum of two years (2 to 6). All patients required one or more additional soft tissue procedures in a pre-determined sequence to correct the pelvic obliquity. All were invited for the latest clinical and radiological assessment.ResultsThe mean Harris Hip Score at the latest follow-up was 79.2 (68 to 90). There was significant improvement in the coronal pelvic obliquity from 16.6o (SD 7.9o) to 1.8o (SD 2.4o; p < 0.001). Radiographs of all ten hips showed stable prostheses with no signs of loosening or migration, regardless of whether paralytic or non-paralytic hip was replaced. No complications, including dislocation or infection related to the surgery, were observed in any patient. The subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy done in two patients had united by nine months.ConclusionSimultaneous correction of soft tissue contractures is necessary for obtaining a stable hip with balanced pelvis while treating hip arthritis by THA in patients with PPRP and fixed pelvic obliquity.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(9):696–704.

Testing if Micro-CT Is Capable of Quantitating the Extent of Proteoglycan-Aggrecan Induced Axial Spondyloarthritis in Mice.

ObjectiveInjections of proteoglycan aggrecan (PGA) have been reported to induce axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) in BALB/c mice. It is considered to be a model for radiographic ax-SpA. However, evaluation of the extent of axial disease by histopathological assessment of every intervertebral space is labor-intensive. The objective of our paper is to test the feasibility of Micro Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) in rapidly enumerating the number of intervertebral spaces affected in each mouse.MethodsArthritis was induced in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injections of PGA. Involvement of several spinal segments, and selected sacroiliac and hip joints were evaluated by histopathology. The involvement of all intervertebral spaces, sacroiliac and hip joints was evaluated by Micro-CT.ResultsBALB/c mice injected with PGA developed histopathology of SpA-like axial lesions, including spondylitis, sacroiliac joint arthritis and hip joint arthritis. Micro-CT allowed us to clearly enumerate the number of lesions in each mouse.ConclusionMicro-CT allows quantitative assessment of the extent of axial involvement in PGA-induced mouse spondylitis. This can be a useful tool in assessing therapeutic interventions.

Role of ultrasonography in early detection of hip joint infection in neonates

Introduction Septic arthritis of the hip requires urgent attention because it is not only a medical but also a surgical emergency. Even minimal delay in the diagnosis and treatment causes permanent disability, crippling, and lifelong hip deformity. Neonates are more susceptible to be affected with hip arthritis due to decreased immunity. Neonatal intensive care unit admission is a common risk factor. Not only effusion, but also the status of the intra-articular compartment, articular surface, joint capsule, and adjacent soft tissue can be examined using ultrasonography (US). US also allows for image-guided paracentesis of hip effusion as well as for monitoring the progress of the disease. Objective The main objective of this study is to evaluate the role of US as a screerning tool in early diagnosis of hip joint infection in neonates admitted at the neonatal intensive care unit at our center for different neonatal medical and surgical problems. Results This study included 260 neonates (520 hips), 67.3% of which were men. Using the US there was evidence of intra-articular infection and complications in only one hip. Conclusion Being a nonionizing, easily available, noninvasive, relatively cheap imaging technique, US is of great help in diagnosing early as well as late suspected cases of septic arthritis of the hip with well-defined sonographic signs in sagittal and coronal views. US also helps in differentiating intra-articular from extra-articular abnormalities. It is also helpful in monitoring the progress/resolution of the disease.

The Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Reducing Pain in Hip Osteoarthritis

Hip osteoarthritis is the process of chondral degeneration leading to synovial inflammation, which in turn advances the articular degradation in a cyclical manner. The impact of hip arthritis is increasing with an aging population and obesity. Conservative treatments include activity modification, physical therapy, steroid injections, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids. Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are also options for temporary pain relief. In the past decade, there has been a trend toward the use of biologics for limiting the pain of hip arthritis. PRP is one biologic showing promise. Using biologics such as PRP is a simple, less expensive, and minimally invasive procedure compared with surgery.

The importance of lower extremity involvement type on exercise performances, function, and quality of life in peripheral predominant forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis

BackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can cause reduced exercise capacity, deterioration in functional activities, and poor health-related quality of life. This study aims to objectively reveal lower extremity involvement in the peripheral predominant forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis through qualitative evaluations and to determine the effects of these involvements on exercise, function, and quality of life.MethodsThirty-two patients with a history of peripheral arthritis and aged between 7 and 16 years participated in the study. Demographics, JIA subtype, disease duration, arthritis and deformities of the lower extremity, disease activity score, 6-min walk test (6MWT), cycling exercise test (CYC-E), childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ), and pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQoL) scores were recorded. In case of clinical suspicion of arthritis, an ultrasonographic examination was performed for a definitive diagnosis. Regression analyses were performed to explore the most associated lower extremity involvement and patient characteristics for each of the dependent variables including 6MWT, CYC-E, CHAQ, and PedsQoL.ResultsOf the total number of patients, with a mean age of 12.91 (SD 2.37) years, 28.1% had knee arthritis, 15.6% foot arthritis, 12.5% hip arthritis, and 37.5% lower extremity deformity. The parameters that were most associated with CHAQ and PedsQoL were hip and knee arthritis, whereas CYC-E was found to be most associated with knee arthritis and height, and 6MWT was found to be most associated with hip arthritis, knee arthritis, and demographic characteristics.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the importance of hip and knee arthritis, which are among the determinants of walking endurance, function, and quality of life; and knee arthritis, which is among the determinants of cycling performance in JIA with lower extremity involvement.

Association of HLA-G, HLA-E and HLA-B*27 with susceptibility and clinical phenotype of enthesitis related arthritis (ERA)

We studied the association of Enthesitis related arthritis (ERA) the most common variant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in Asians, with HLA-G and -E polymorphisms. HLA-G (14 bp Ins/Del rs371194629, +3142 rs1063320, +3187 rs9380142) and HLA-E (rs1264457, and rs2844724) polymorphisms were analyzed in 127 patients with ERA and 381 ethnically matched healthy controls with TaqMan 5′-nuclease assay using allele-specific fluorogenic oligonucleotide probes. HLA-G and -E polymorphisms were not found to be associated with susceptibility to ERA. HLA-G +3187 (rs9380142) G allele was associated with hip arthritis (Pc = 0.04, OR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.07–4.63) and hip deformity (Pc = 0.02, OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1.16–5.43). HLA-B*27 was positive in 91. HLA-E rs1264457 G and rs2844724 T alleles may be associated with B*27 positivity in ERA. Among HLA-G, -E haplotypes, frequency of -InsGAAC was significantly higher in patients than healthy controls (Pc = 0.003). In conclusion, HLA-G and HLA-E haplotype -InsGAAC may be associated with susceptibility to ERA and HLA-G +3187 rs9380142 A>G polymorphism may be a poor prognostic marker for progression to hip arthritis and deformity in ERA-JIA.

Hip involvement in children with enthesitis related arthritis (ERA) is associated with poor outcomes in adulthood.

BackgroundThe data on long-term outcome in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA), the commonest category of JIA in India, is scant. Thus, we studied outcomes of ERA in a resource-constrained setting.MethodsPatients with ERA (ILAR classification) (≥ 5 years of disease and ≥ 18 years) were included. Data on clinical features, Bath indices (BASMI, BASDAI, BASFI), ASDAS, and health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI) was collected. X-ray pelvis including hips was obtained and compared with baseline X-ray for progression of sacroiliitis and hip arthritis. Fulfillment of adult criteria of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) were also assessed.ResultsSeventy-three 73 patients (72 males) of median age 20 (18–23) years and disease duration 8 (5.5–11) years were recruited. There was delay in diagnosis of 4 (1.75–6) years. Thirty-nine (53%) had BASDAI ≥ 4 and 63 (91%) had ASDAS-CRP > 1.3. Two-third (60%) had functional disability (HAQ-DI ≥ 0.5). Poor outcome (BASDAI ≥ 4, ASDAS > 2.1, BASFI > 0.9, or HAQ-DI ≥ 0.5) was seen in three-fourths (n = 56.76%) of patients and was associated with hip involvement, HLA-B27 positivity, and fulfillment of axial ASAS criteria. Sixty-seven (91%) patients fulfilled axial ASAS criteria, while 71 (97%) fulfilled peripheral ASAS criteria.Overall, 81% had X-ray sacroiliitis and 37% had hip involvement. Nearly half (46.6%) and one-fourths (25%) of the patients had X-ray sacroiliitis and hip arthritis progression, respectively. Those with X-ray hip arthritis had longer delay in diagnosis (6 vs 3 years), higher Bath indices, ASDAS, and HAQ-DI. Hip arthritis correlated with radiological sacroiliitis (r = 0.301). Fulfillment of modified NY criteria was seen more often in patients with hip arthritis (95 vs 63%; p < 0.002).ConclusionMost ERA patients had active disease in adulthood. Hip involvement, axial involvement, and HLA-B27 positivity were predictors of poor outcome. Key Points • Almost 90% of adults with ERA had active disease even after 8 years of disease. • Poor outcomes were seen in three-fourths of patients and hip involvement, presence of HLA B27, and axial involvement were the predictors of poor outcome. Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10067-021-05807-3.

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Patients with Hypercoagulability-From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Implications.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease with major social and economic impacts. It frequently affects relatively young adults and has a predilection for rapid progression to femoral head collapse and end-stage hip arthritis. If not diagnosed and treated properly in the early stages, ONFH has devastating consequences and leads to mandatory total hip arthroplasty. The pathophysiology of non-traumatic ONFH is very complex and not fully understood. While multiple risk factors have been associated with secondary ONFH, there are still many cases in which a clear etiology cannot be established. Recognition of the prothrombotic state as part of the etiopathogeny of primary ONFH provides an opportunity for early medical intervention, with implications for both prophylaxis and therapy aimed at slowing or stopping the progression of the disease. Hereditary thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis are associated with thrombotic occlusion of bone vessels. Anticoagulant treatment can change the natural course of the disease and improve patients’ quality of life. The present work focused on highlighting the association between hereditary thrombophilia/hypofibrinolysis states and ONFH, emphasizing the importance of identifying this condition. We have also provided strong arguments to support the efficiency and safety of anticoagulant treatment in the early stages of the disease, encouraging etiological diagnosis and prompt therapeutic intervention. In the era of direct oral anticoagulants, new therapeutic options have become available, enabling better long-term compliance.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (ASTHIMAJJAGATA VATA) – A CASE STUDY

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a type of arthritis that mostly affects spine and has a strong association with genetic marker HLAB27. The etiology of this disease is not much clear, but the pathogenesis can be ruled out to be immune mediated. Late adolescence or early adulthood is the prime age for the onset with symptoms ranging from dull pain with mild stiffness and reaching up to totally fused spine and severe hip joint arthritis. It has been seen that the patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis show a variety of symptoms which can be catego- rized according to Ayurveda under aamavata, vatarakta, sandhigatavata samavastha or asthimajjagata vata. Here in this case study the symptoms of the patients were much like asthimajjagata vata and the dosha dushti was lina up to asthi and majja dhatu, hence both shamana and panchakarma chikitsa by the means of basti was planned. Keywords: Ankylosing Spondylitis, Arthritis, Asthimajjagata vata, Basti.

Rates of self-directed perioperative cannabidiol use in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of self-directed cannabidiol (CBD) use in patients with end-stage degenerative hip and knee arthritis who underwent total hiparthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. Materials & methods: Anonymous surveys for 109 patients were completed at 6weeks follow-up after either total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty at a single tertiary care US orthopedic hospital. Results: Within the perioperative window encompassing both preoperative and postoperative periods, 22% (95% CI: 14-30%) of patients used CBD. Conclusion: There was no difference in pain satisfaction between patients who used CBD and patients who did not. Given high rates of self-directed perioperative CBD use and the mixed body of evidence, further research is needed to better understand whether CBD is safe and effective.

Is arthroplasty inevitable after Ilizarov hip reconstruction of unstable hip joints in adolescents and young adults? Long-Term Evaluation of 136 Cases

Introduction Whereas hip joint destroying trauma and diseases are difficult situations, the problem is more complex when it is complicated by hip instability. This could be a sequel of several hip affections such as trauma, septic or tuberculous arthritis, neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip, postoperative conditions, and neurologic pathologies (cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, poliomyelitis). Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of the Ilizarov hip reconstruction for the treatment of painful and unstable hips in adolescents and young adults. Materials and methods The study included 136 patients with an average age of 18.3 years (range, 6 to 34 years); 75 patients were males (55.1%) and 61 females (44.9%). The primary causes of the hip instability were untreated or unsuccessfully treated cases of septic arthritis (40 cases; 29.4 %), congenital hip dislocation (28 cases; 20.6 %), paralytic hip dislocation (36 cases; 26.5 %), proximal femoral focal deficiency (14 cases; 10.3 %), neglected fracture of the femoral neck (10 cases; 7.4 %), osteoarthritis (6 cases; 4.4 %), and tuberculous hip arthritis (2 cases; 1.5 %). The intervention consisted in the performance of two osteotomies (proximal and distal) of the femur with pelviс support and placement of the Ilizarov apparatus of a specific assembly. Results The external fixation period ranged from 4 to 12 months (6.5 months on average). Patients were followed up for an average of 17.4 years (range, 5 to 27 years). Multiple clinical parameters at final follow-ups showed significant improvement, including pain relief, pain-free walking distance, lameness, hip flexion and abduction, hip contracture, and lumbar lordosis. Functionally, the mean Harris Hip Score improved with a statistically significant difference from 48 points (range, 35–65) before surgery to 83 points (range 70–90) after surgery. The pain disappeared in all patients, with the exception of six cases of pain in the early postoperative period. In all cases, supportive walking aids were no longer necessary, with the exception of two cases of persistent pain by physical activities. Walking ability and painless walking distance improved in all patients from an average of 35 m (range, 10 to 50 m) before surgery to 1,150 m (range, 1,000 to 1,500 m) after surgery, showing significant difference. Conclusion Ilizarov pelvic support osteotomy provided a multi-purpose solution to the complex challenging problem of hip instability in adolescents and young adults with variable primary etiologies. The improvements in the hip motion, mechanical axis, and correction of limb-length discrepancy lead to good functional outcomes over a long-term follow-up. This treatment modality might avoid or postpone the need for total hip arthroplasty for several years.