Objective: To study the relationship between the volume of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and the vascular emodelling. Design and method: We examined 318 patients without manifested cardiovascular diseases (average age 63.5 ± 13.7 years). Anthropometric indicators were measured, body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Lipid profile was evaluated. Arterial wall stiffness was assessed by calculation of the cardio-ankle index (CAVI) using VaSera (VS-1000) (Fucuda Denshi, Japan). Thickness of the intima-media complex and vasomotor function of the endothelium of the brachial artery were evaluated by ultrasound using LOGIQ F6 (GE Healthcare, USA). All patients underwent multi-detector chest computed tomography in spiral mode on Toshiba Aquilion Prime scanner using standardized protocol. PVAT was detected using specialized semi-automatic software Tissue Composition Module QCTPro (Mindways Software, Inc., USA) after scanner calibration with special phantom. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0 software (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results: Male to female ratio in the cohort was shifted towards males, however this difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.066). Prevalence of hypertension in the study group was high – 268 (84.3%) patients. The majority (74.2%) of study participants had elevated BMI. Average PVAT volume was 0.3[0.2;0.4] cm³. The PVAT volume was significantly higher in obese patients vs patients with normal body mass: 0.4 [0.3;0.5] cm³ vs 0.25[0.2;0.4] cm³ (p = 0.0007). The PVAT volume was significantly higher in patients with elevated CAVI vs patients with normal CAVI: 0.4[0.3;0.5] cm³ vs 0.3[0.25;0.3] cm³ (p = 0.02). Correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the PVAT volume and BMI (r = 0.27; p < 0.005), waist circumference (r = 0.41; p < 0.005), CAVI (r = 0.49; p < 0.05), endothelial dysfunction of the brachial arteries (r = 0.38; p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated significant association of CAVI with age (±SE, 0.51 ± 0.15; p = 0.002) and the volume of PVAT (±SE,0.41 ± 0.13; p = 0.005). Conclusions: This study demonstrated an association of PVAT volume with visceral obesity and indicators of vascular wall stiffness.