Arterial Vascular Pattern Research Articles

A cadaveric study of coronary arteriesin Rayalaseema population of Andhra Pradesh

Introduction: Majority of the sudden cardiac deaths were due to anomalous origin and distribution of the coronary arteries. Aim: To study the arterial vascular pattern of the human heart by using dissection method in Rayalaseema population. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 human fresh heart specimens were obtained from the Department of Forensic Medicine, S.V. Medical College, Tirupati for the present study. Results: We have observed both the coronary arteries arising from single coronary ostia in 76 specimens whereas 4 heart specimens noted with coronary arteries originated from two ostia. Right and left dominance circulation was noted more in males than females. We have also observed double posterior interventricular branches arising from the right and left coronary arteries showing the balanced type of coronary circulation in 2 (Male-1; Female-1) hearts. Conclusion: Arterial pattern and its variations are important to prevent false interpretation of the arterial angiograms in management of coronary artery diseases. Keywords: Arteries, Branches, Coronary, Dominance.

Reevaluation of the arterial blood supply of the auricle.

The anatomical basis for auricular flaps used in multiple aesthetic and reconstructive procedures is currently based on a random distribution of the underlying arterial network. However, recent findings reveal a systematic pattern as opposed to the present concepts. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the arterial vascular pattern of the auricle in order to provide reliable data about the vascular map required for surgical interventions. Sixteen human auricles from eight body donors (five females/three males, 84.33±9.0years) were investigated using the unique 'Spalteholz' method. After arterial injection of silicone, a complete transparency of the tissue was achieved and the auricular arteries and branches were visible. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the arterial vascular pattern was performed. The superior and the inferior anterior auricular artery provided the vascular supply to the helical rim, forming an arcade, i.e. helical rim arcade. On the superior third of the helical rim another arcade was confirmed between the superior anterior auricular artery and the posterior auricular artery (PAA), i.e. the helical arcade. The perforators of the PAA were identified lying in a vertical line 1cm posterior to the tragus, supplying the concha, inferior crus, triangular fossa, antihelix and the earlobe. The results of this study confirmed the constant presence of the helical rim arcade (Zilinsky-Cotofana), consistent perforating branches of the PAA, and the helical arcade (Erdman), and will help and guide physicians performing auricular surgeries toward fast and simple procedures with optimal patient satisfaction.

Arterial vascularization of the mandible and maxilla of neotropical primates

The objective of the present investigation was to conduct a comparative macroscopic study of the arterial vascularization of the mandible and maxilla of neotropical primates of the genera Cebus, Alouatta, Callithrix, and Leontopithecus. After vinyl was injected into the arterial system of the head of each specimen, the pieces were macerated and corroded. The level of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotids varied between the first and third cervical vertebrae. The external carotid artery accounts for most of the vascularization of the facial structures. The actual vessels responsible for the supply of this region are the sublingual, facial, angular, lingual, submandibular, submental, inferior and superior labial, maxillary, inferior alveolar, infraorbital, superior posterior alveolar, palatine major, and sphenopalatine arteries. We conclude that although the arterial vascular pattern was similar in all the genera studied, and resembles the human pattern, there are notable variations in the vasculature of the mandible and maxilla among these four neotropical genera.

Placental morphology in relation to umbilical artery blood velocity waveforms

The association between umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms, placental morphology and arterial vascular pattern was investigated in 30 pregnant women at risk for intra-uterine growth retardation. The blood velocity waveform was assessed in the umbilical arteries with pulsed Doppler ultrasound. Placentas from fetuses with an end-diastolic zero flow were small and thick with an extrachorial configuration, marginal cord insertion, magistral or mixed allantochorial vessel pattern and few cotyledons. The incidence and the extension of gross lesions were slightly increased in these placentas compared to placentas from fetuses with a normal S/ D ratio (peak systolic velocity/minimum diastolic velocity). Placentas from fetuses with an increased S/ D ratio (> +2SD) were large and thin with a high maximum diameter/maximum thickness ratio. Heavily smoking mothers were overrepresented in the group, with an increased S/ D ratio and corresponding SGA infants. End-diastolic zero flow in the umbilical artery was strongly correlated with placental developmental abnormalities.

Clinical Features and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Congenital and Childhood Stroke

Fifty-three (5%) of 1064 consecutively imaged children showed an arterial vascular pattern on magnetic resonance images, accounting for 12% of all abnormal studies. Signal abnormalities on T2-weighted scans persisted years after the clinical stroke occurrence. Ipsilateral atrophy of the pons or midbrain was found in 25% of subjects and was strongly associated with congenital lesions. Most infarctions occurred before or during the neonatal period; only 31% were acquired later. We did not find the paucity of posterior circulation lesions or the marked excess of left middle cerebral artery lesions seen in other series. Cardiac disease and venous infarction had an unexpectedly low occurrence. All of the children with arterial border zone infarction had been resuscitated in the neonatal period, while 37% of the children with a single artery infarction had no clinical history of acute illness.

Thalamic arterial pattern: an endocast and scanning electron microscopic study in normotensive male rats.

Rat cerebral vasculature serves as a model for study of the pathophysiology of stroke in humans. Human thalamic arteries show a high incidence of stroke. The objective is to describe the thalamic arterial vascular pattern in normotensive male rats as the initial step for quantitative histochemical studies of enzyme activities in the walls of these vessels. Intracardiac injections of methyl methacrylate monomer provide detailed vascular endocasts. The thalamic vascular bed defined by in situ dissection, serial reconstruction, and light and scanning electron microscopy of endocasts contained four groups of vessel: ventral medial thalamic arteries, thalamic branches from the posterior cerebral artery, and ventral lateral and ventral anterior thalamic arteries. Thalamic vessels are muscular arterioles that, after three to four bipinnate branches, feed into a continuous capillary bed (no loops). The parent vessels and their subsequent branches have been evaluated in terms of their mean internal diameters, mean interbranch intervals, and branch angles. The arterial patterns to rat and human thalami are very similar, with the exception of the anterior choroidal artery which is missing in the rat. The branches supplying the thalamus in both the rat and human are closely associated with the circle of Willis; however, the constituent parts of the circle in rat vary from the pattern in human brain. The rat thalamic arteries show morphological features similar to those seen in the stroke-prone ganglionic arteries in the human basal ganglia.

Observations on the vascular pattern of the septum of normal and hypertrophied human hearts.

The arterial vascular pattern of the myocardium of the interventricular septum of normal and hypertrophied human hearts was studied by post-mortem injection of a radio-opaque medium, Colourpaque, and the taking of microradiographs of transverse ventricular slices using the immersion technique. There were large penetrating septal arteries arising from the anterior and posterior descending coronary arteries. The arterial vascular pattern on each side of the septum closely resembled the respective patterns in the right and left ventricular free walls. In the hypertrophied hearts the branching and straight type arteries were of smaller calibre compared to normal hearts and were smallest in the greatly hypertrophied hearts and hearts with asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy. The role of the septal intercoronary anastomosis in coronary artery disease is discussed.

Observations on the vascular pattern of the left ventricular freewall in normal and hypertrophied hearts.

The arterial vascular pattern of the myocardium of the left ventricular freewall of normal and hypertrophied human hearts was studied by post mortem injection of a radio-opaque medium Colourpaque, and the taking of microradiographs of transverse ventricular slices using the immersion technique. The branching type arteries supplied the myocardial wall including the subendocardial zone, the straight type arteries supplied the papillary muscles and the trabeculae carnae. The branching and straight type arteries in the hypertrophied hearts were of smaller calibre than normal hearts. The vascular pattern in the freewall of hearts with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was similar to those of hearts with asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy.

Effect of coronary artery ablation on exercise performance in Salmo gairdneri

Ablation of the coronary artery of the rainbow trout does not affect the level of exercise performance attained in a Brett-type water tunnel, when compared with intact or sham-operated fish. Arterial blood supply to the myocardium is maintained, following artery ablation, by small patent vessels in the adventitia of the bulbus–ventral aorta. The significance of the arterial vascular pattern of trout hearts is discussed.

Arterial circulation of the spinal cord and brain in the Monodontidae (order Cetacea).

In this paper we document retial supply of the spinal cord and describe the arterial vascular pattern of the brain in the whale family Monodontidae. Observations are based on gross dissections of four brains, two each of Monodon monoceros and Delphinapterus leucas, and one spinal cord from M. monoceros. Vessels of the spinal cord arise from extradural retia in the neural canal. Arteries originating from the retia penetrate the dura between successive spinal roots (mainly ventral) and not in association with them, unlike radicular arteries of other mammals. Also, these vessels are uniformly distributed and contribute equally to a plexus surrounding the cord. An A. radicularis magna is not present, and neither are distinct anterior or posterior spinal arteries. Circulation to the brain is effected by two pairs of arteries originating from intracranial retia. The rostral pair supplies most of the forebrain (prosencephalon), whereas the more caudal pair supplies mainly the midbrain (mesencephalon) and hindbrain (rhombencephalon). The circulatory pattern is characterized by 1) complete independence of anterior cerebral arteries (no anastomoses); 2) extensive cortical supply by the anterior choroidal arteries; 3) absence of subdural communicating vessels between rostral and caudal trunks; 4) union of caudal trunks to form a small basilar artery; and 5) absence of vertebral arteries and hence of a vertebral basilar system. There are some obvious differences between subdural arteries in the Monodontidae and those in other mammals; however, their general patterns of distribution are similar, and we suggest that most of the vessels, at least in the cranium, are homologous.