Landscape Art Research Articles

An interdisciplinary framework for evaluating 19th century landscape paintings for ecological research

AbstractAs we contemplate the future of forest landscapes under changing climate conditions and land‐use demands, there is increasing value in studying historic forest conditions and how these landscapes have changed following past disturbances. Historic landscape paintings are a potential source of data on preindustrial forests with highly detailed, full‐color depictions of overstory and understory environments. They display key details about forest community composition, microhabitat features, and structural complexity from a time well before the advent of color photography. Despite these paintings' potential, their scientific applications have been impeded by questions of validity. How truly accurate are the images portrayed in these paintings? How much of an image is an artist's manipulation of a scene to best illustrate an allegory or romanticized view of nature? Following an established assessment model from historical ecology for evaluating resource validity, we demonstrate how scholarship on art history can be integrated with ecological understanding of forest landscapes to follow this model and address these questions of image veracity in 19th century American art. Further, to illustrate the potential use of these historic images in ecological studies, we present in a case study assessing microhabitat features of 10 different paintings. While this paper explores 19th century landscape art broadly, we focus our art historical review in particular on Asher Durand, a prolific and influential artist associated with the so‐called “Hudson River School” in the mid‐1800s. Durand left clear records about his perspectives on accurately depicting nature, and from a review of images and writings of Durand, we find support for the potential use of many of his paintings and sketches in historic forest ecology research. However, we also identify important caveats regarding potential ecological interpretations from these images. More broadly, because 19th century landscape paintings are not always directly transcriptive, and because regional art cultures differed in the 1800s, we cannot within this paper speak about landscape image veracity across all 19th century landscape art. However, in following established methods in historical ecology and integrating tools from art history research, we show that one can identify accurate historic landscape paintings for application in scientific studies.

Large-scale Terrain Authoring through Interactive Erosion Simulation

Large-scale terrains are essential in the definition of virtual worlds. Given the diversity of landforms and the geomorphological complexity, there is a need for authoring techniques offering hydrological consistency without sacrificing user control. In this article, we bridge the gap between large-scale erosion simulation and authoring into an efficient framework. We set aside modeling in the elevation domain in favour of the uplift domain and compute emerging reliefs by simulating the stream power erosion. Our simulation relies on a fast yet accurate approximation of drainage area and flow routing to compute the erosion interactively, which allows for incremental authoring. Our model provides landscape artists with tools for shaping mountain ranges and valleys, such as copy-and-paste operations; warping for imitating folds and faults; and point and curve elevation constraints to precisely sculpt ridges or carve river networks. It also lends itself to inverse procedural modeling by reconstructing the uplift from an input digital elevation model and allows hydrologically consistent blending between terrain patches.

The Changes in The Aesthetic Thoughts of Chinese Artists in Shanghai Biennale during The COVID-19 Period

The global COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on all aspects of human existence, including the realm of art and aesthetics. This study delves into the dynamic shifts in aesthetic thoughts among Chinese artists participating in the prestigious Shanghai Biennale during the COVID-19 period. Through a comprehensive analysis of artworks, themes, and creative approaches, this research illuminates the profound transformations that have taken place in the artistic landscape.

Examining How Art Reflects and Challenges Political Ideologies and Power Structures in Lebanon

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine how art reflects and challenges political ideologies and power structures in Lebanon.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to how art reflects and challenges political ideologies and power structures in Lebanon. Preliminary empirical review revealed the impact of politically charged artworks on public attitudes and political participation is enormous. The researchers conducted a survey with a diverse sample of participants who viewed politically themed artworks and measured their attitudes and behavioral intentions. The study found that exposure to politically charged artworks led to more critical attitudes towards existing political ideologies and increased participants' willingness to engage in political activities.
 Recommendations: The Cultural Hegemony, Critical Theory and Visual Culture Theory may be used to anchor future studies on how art reflects and challenges political ideologies and power structures in Lebanon. Governments, institutions, and societies should actively encourage artistic freedom and support a diverse range of artistic expressions. This will ensure that different political ideologies and perspectives are represented in the artistic landscape, fostering a more inclusive and nuanced discourse. Additionally, public institutions, galleries, and museums should strive to create accessible and engaging experiences for the public to interact with political art. This can include exhibitions, workshops, and public discussions that stimulate dialogue and promote critical thinking about the relationships between art, politics, and power.

STRUCTURES OF THE DENDROFLORA OF PARK-MONUMENTS OF LANDSCAPE ART IN THE UKRAINIAN POLISSYA

This article is devoted to the study of the systematic, biomorphological, and ecological classifications of the dendroflora of eleven park-monuments of landscape art established in the second half of the 20th century in the Ukrainian Polissya. In the protected parks, we identified 193 taxa of woody plants that belong to 82 genera and 34 families. The most common one was the family Rosaceae Juss. Among encountered woody plants, 14.2% species were indigenous and occurred in 5-11 parks. Fifty-nine woody plant species, among which 64.4% were rare, were associated with a single park and were represented by 1-7 specimens. At the same time, 69 woody plant species were associated with 2-4 parks, with 40.4% rare and 17.4% indigenous plant species. Life forms were represented by phanerophytes (36, 63, and 76 species of megaphanerophytes, mesophanerophytes, and micro- and nanophanerophytes, respectively) and a chamaephyte. In turn, the ecological structure was dominated by mesophytes (39.8%), hemisciophytes (46.6%), and mesotrophs (51.7%). Except for Bairak PMLA and Novostavskyi dendropark, the dendroflora of the surveyed parks was diverse.

ПАРК СТАДИОНА «КРАСНОДАР» (2017-2023): СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ КЛАССИЧЕСКИХ САДОВЫХ СТИЛЕЙ

The paper provides, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of the artistic features of the Krasnodar Stadium park and historical allusions associated with the compositions of this park. The park, opened to the public in 2017, has become a novelty in the international landscape culture and a landmark of Krasnodar. The main elements of the ensemble analyzed: concept, layout, roads and routes, volumes and space, green architecture and forms of the plants, water system, boundaries and zones, materials and textures, shapes and rhythms, play of light and conditions of nature. The works of art placed in the park are considered in detail: first, the compositions “Geolocation” and «Artificial Environment» of the Recycle group (2019) and, second, subsequent installations, the presence of which could be a matter of discussion. The historical garden styles that influenced the idea of the park are Italian, French, and English types and water gardens of the Middle East, as well as postmodern “landforms» by Charles Jenks. The large Japanese Garden (2023) is a new development of the park. The shift to the stylization makes it possible to summarize the image of the main park, in which the techniques of modern landscape art and the motives of historical heritage are summarized.

Green space and planning structure optimisation ways in parks and monuments of landscape architecture

Renovation of urban space is not possible without new approaches to the formation of green spaces of the landscape gardening heritage. In restoring parks-monuments of landscape art, simultaneous consideration of ecological and biological foundations, preservation of the historical structure of plantations and landscape planning framework, as well as meeting the modern needs of users of these spaces is an important issue. The research aims to formulate practical recommendations on the main ways to optimise the planning structure and green spaces, as well as means of protecting biodiversity in parks and monuments of landscape art. The study used general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, field research) and special methods (dendrological, cartographic, historical, and architectural analysis, and computer methods for processing graphic data). During the pre-project stage of the study, the prerequisites for the formation of Zhovtnevyi Park in the structure of the Chernivtsi landscape were identified. A list and description of typical plant species typical for the area were provided. In addition, the pre-project study analysed conflicts in the park, which were divided into the following main groups: transport and pedestrian, functional, natural, anthropogenic, and visual. The interconnection of different types of conflicts and their impact on the conservation of biodiversity of green spaces in the park was revealed. As a result, new elements of the planning structure have been formed that improve the landscape-spatial organisation of the park's territory and contribute to the optimisation of green spaces. The project developed and analysed in this study has selected an assortment of plants that enrich the biodiversity of park plantings and can be used in the design of other urban parks. The example of the project for the maintenance and reconstruction of Zhovtnevyi Park in Chernivtsi demonstrates practical planning approaches and recommendations aimed at maximising the preservation of the natural landscape and enhancing its functional and artistic features

The Intersection of Fine Art and Graphic Design: An Analysis of Contemporary Artists and Designers Blurring the Line between Art and Design

In recent years, there has been an increasing trend of contemporary artists and designers blurring the line between fine art and graphic design, leading to a fascinating intersection of the two fields. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of this intersection by exploring the works of selected contemporary artists and designers who have integrated fine art principles into their graphic design practices. Through an analysis of their approaches and techniques, this paper demonstrates how these artists and designers have challenged traditional notions of design and art and created a new aesthetic language that bridges the gap between the two fields. By comparing the visual language and aesthetics of fine art and graphic design in their works, this paper highlights how the boundaries between the two fields have become increasingly blurred, leading to new forms of creative expression. This paper further examines the impact of this intersection on the art and design industry, including its influence on design trends and practices and its impact on the perception of design as a field and its status in the art world. By analysing the advantages and limitations of integrating fine art into graphic design, this paper provides insight into the benefits and challenges of this trend and its potential implications for the future of the industry. This paper contributes to understanding the intersection of fine art and graphic design by exploring its impact on the contemporary art and design landscape and providing a framework for further exploration and integration of fine art principles in graphic design. By highlighting the work of contemporary artists and designers who have pushed the boundaries of traditional design and art, this paper showcases the exciting possibilities that arise from this intersection and offers a glimpse into the future of the art and design industry. In recent years, there has been a growing tendency of modern artists and designers to blur the barrier between fine art and graphic design, leading to a fascinating confluence of the two areas. This has resulted in a fascinating junction of the two fields. This article presents an in-depth investigation of this confluence by examining the works of a selection of modern artists and designers who have incorporated fine art concepts into their graphic design methods. These artists and designers come from a variety of artistic backgrounds. This article explains how a group of artists and designers have challenged traditional concepts of design and art and how they have built a new aesthetic language that bridges the gap between the two areas through a study of the methods and techniques that the group has utilized. This article highlights how the boundaries between the fields of fine art and graphic design have become increasingly blurred, leading to new forms of creative expression by comparing the visual language and aesthetics of fine art and graphic design in the works of both fields' respective practitioners. In this article, we investigate the impact that this junction has had on the art and design sector, including its influence on design trends and practices and its impact on how people see design as a discipline and its position in the art world. This study offers insight into the benefits and problems of this trend, as well as the possible consequences it may have for the future of the industry, by analysing the advantages and constraints of incorporating fine art into graphic design. This paper contributes to the understanding of the intersection of fine art and graphic design by examining the impact that intersection has had on the landscape of contemporary art and design and by providing a framework for further exploration of the intersection and incorporating fine art principles into graphic design. This article highlights the work of contemporary artists and designers who have pushed the boundaries of traditional art and design to demonstrate the exciting possibilities arising from these two fields. It also provides a glimpse into the future of the art and design industry.

Environmental Landscape Art Design Based on Visual Neural Network Model in Rural Construction

Abstract As the resources of social development continue to tilt to the countryside, the speed of rural construction continues to accelerate. In recent years, because of the higher quality of lifestyles, the demand of rural environment landscape art has gradually increased. In order to assist rural construction and improve the artistic quality of its environmental landscape, this paper proposes an environmental landscape art design method based on a visual neural network model. Firstly, the Swin Transformer text encoder is used to characterise the landscape art demand in rural construction. Then, the text feature vector of landscape art demand is input into the GAN model to generate the image content of rural construction. Finally, to better evaluate the landscape art level of the above methods in this paper, we propose an evaluating method for the landscape designing tasks. We conduct the experiments and achieve the FID value of 15.23, which can demonstrate that our method can effectively carry out an environmental landscape design for rural construction and simplify the process of rural construction. The landscape design evaluation method can evaluate the environmental landscape design accurately by the accuracy of over 80 %, and further improve and optimise the acceptance link of rural construction.

Caravaggio’s Loyalty to “the Truth”: The Accessibility of His Paintings

Caravaggio is famous for his mastering of chiaroscuro and controversial subject matters. From both a technical and social perspective, Caravaggio’s works were revolutionary. As he broke the decorums, he was redefining aestheticism and pushing the boundaries of the artistic society, sometimes also facing rejections. This paper will examine how Caravaggio committed to paint truthfully, thus, making his works accessible to the general public and changing the artistic landscape. By looking into both Caravaggio’s artistic compositions and his interactions with the society at large, this paper examines his unique loyalty to truthfulness and the consequences to his artistic choices.

Design of the Mogao Caves Caisson and Its Application to Modern Interior Design

Dunhuang Grottoes is one of the treasures of ancient Chinese art, famous for its exquisite murals and sculptures. The decorative patterns in the grottoes are rich and varied with brilliant colors, demonstrating the fusion of the cultures of the Central Plains and the Western Regions. The caisson motifs, in particular, are grand in scale and rich in variety, leaving a deep impression on people. These motifs complement the architectural structure of the grottoes, and together, they form a beautiful and harmonious artistic landscape. After China entered a fully industrialized society, the national culture of modern design in architecture became stronger and stronger, and caisson motifs are constantly being re-explored and applied to interior design. This study uses observational and case study methods to explore the relationship between traditional decorative motifs and modern design by examining the application of caisson motifs from the Mogao Grottoes in interior design. It is found that combining traditional caisson patterns with modern design is a feasible path, and the combination of traditional decorative elements and modern design, on the one hand, breaks the limitations of the current design, improves the aesthetic value and humanistic value of modern design works; on the other hand, it enriches the personality and emotion of the design works, enriches the expression of modern design, improves the overall image of modern design, and gives a new vitality.

Results of the dendroflora inventory and assessment of the plantations of the Tomylivskyi Park, a monument of landscape art

A landscape assessment was carried out and the integral value of the plantations of the Tomylivskyi Park-Monument of Landscape Art of local importance was determined. According to the integral assessment, the plantations of the park's I and III sections are classified as particularly valuable, and II and IV sections as of limited value, which is explained by the presence of a slightly larger number of mistletoe-infested, dead and dry-top trees, as well as the spread of self-sowing invasive species. The landscape of the park corresponds to the first stage of recreational digression, as the area of roads, paths and grounds occupies less than 5 % of its territory. The high total recreational score of the Tomylivskyi Park-Monument allows it to be classified as the highest first class in terms of recreation. The taxonomic composition of the park-monument is represented by 76 species. It has been established that the Pinophyta division includes 8 species grouped into one class, one subclass, two orders, two families and 5 genera. The Magnoliophyta division includes 64 species, 2 hybrids, 2 cultivars, which are grouped into 47 genera, 22 families, 19 orders, 6 subclasses and 1 class. As a result of the inventory, it was established that currently there are 2446 woody plants on the territory of the Tomylivskyi Park-Monument, of which 596 are trees, 1843 are shrubs, and 7 plants have a tree-shrub life form. The average age of the greenery in the park is approximately 60–70 years. The first trees were planted in 1940. Among the trees, the most common are Robinia pseudoacacia L. – 96, Ulmus capriofolia L. – 72, Tilia platyphylos Scop. – 56, Celtis occidentalis L. – 38, Corylus colurna L. – 37, Acer platanoides L. – 36, which is 56 % of the total number of trees found in the park. 77 specimens of dead and dry-top trees that are drying out and have lost their decorative effect are to be removed. Sanitary pruning is required for 87 trees, which is 14.5 % of the total number of trees in the park. The main reasons for the deterioration of the sanitary condition of the trees in the plantations of the park are the invasion of Viscum album L.; changes in climatic conditions, in particular, a decrease in precipitation and a decrease in soil moisture reserves, which led to the loss of Betula pendula, Juglans cinerea L.; excessive tree density and competition between trees for light, moisture and mineral nutrients, which affects their weakening and pest damage (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst, Buxus sempervirens L.) Key words: landscape analysis, integral assessment, stages of degradation, taxonomic composition, durability, sanitary condition, introductions, invasive species, recreational value.

Application of VR recognition based on image object detection algorithm in urban street landscape art design

Image target detection plays an important role in the field of VR recognition and art design. It is applied in many fields such as urban planning and weather monitoring in China. In recent years, depth neural network has become an important part of target detection algorithm. Target detection has shown excellent functions in segmentation, tracking and recognition. With the rapid development of image detection technology, targeted image detection has improved the quantity and quality of data. In the application of VR technology to the artistic design of urban street landscape, it not only helps designers better observe the world characteristics, but also constantly stimulates designers' thinking inspiration in the interactive environment, thus generating new ideas, new creativity, new means and rich creative content. Therefore, design can play a role from the conceptual stage to the final effect display stage. At this stage, VR recognition technology is not mature enough in the design of urban street landscape, which is still in the exploration stage. Select a suitable VR system, and further explore and study the functions of the selected engine system on this basis. Explore the virtual work route suitable for building street landscape, and select the virtual environment of street landscape to lay a solid foundation for VR identification technology. Based on the main technical content of VR identification, the actual change and interaction of operating materials can be reflected, and the results of urban street landscape design can be presented in the most intuitive way.

Uday Shan-Kar and Me: Stories of Self-Orientalization, Hyphenization, and Diasporic Declarations

This article discusses how orientalism has operated and continues to operate within the North American artistic landscape of dance artists. The author starts by focusing on Uday Shankar (1900–1977), one of the major, though often overlooked, figures over the last 100 years of South Asian (and predominantly Indian) dance performance on the concert stage in the diasporic context, to consider how orientalism, the desire for authenticity, a nationalist agenda, religious fundamentalism, economic necessities, multi-cultural initiatives, and diversity desires all interact and coalesce to form an undercurrent of limited potentials about how and why South Asian dance can exist within the American performance discourse. In an auto-ethnographic move, the author then juxtaposes Shankar’s historical legacy with a new artistic project by the author (b. 1969), entitled Reorient the Orient, premiering in 2024. The writing uses archival sources such as photographs, programs, publicity materials, featured essays, newspaper previews, reviews, filmed dance footage, choreographic analysis, and personal reflections to explore how social factors and personal ambitions create awkward relationships within orientalism’s manifestations in the diasporic U.S. performance landscape.

Landscape Appreciation of Leonardo Da Vincis Artwork

Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to landscape beauty, and the comfort and beauty of the living environment are considered important. Urban construction is gradually transforming into an environmentally friendly society. In order to promote the transformation of contemporary landscape design from mechanical design to humanized and natural design, this paper studies three works created in the Renaissance period under the guidance of humanistic thoughts, and analyzes the landscape expression in these works. The author adopts the method of case analysis. The Virgin of the Rocks, The Annunciation, and The Adoration of the Magi are selected. Through observation and analysis of the painting background, the expression of content and characteristics of each work, appreciating landscape reflected in Leonardo da Vincis artwork during Renaissance. The study aims to summarize the common characteristic and explore the reference significance for the present art landscape and promote the healthy development of urban construction. Renaissance gardens inspire contemporary landscape architects to pay attention to human feelings and primitive nature in their designs.

Visual Transformations of the Images of Dante Alighieri's Poem "The Divine Comedy: Hell" in European Art Practices

The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of transformation of visual language as the artistic reflection on Dante’s images in European art practices, in particular in graphic design. The research methodology requires a comprehensive approach and involves the use of methods of art analysis, an empirical method of gathering theoretical and historical material, a method of comparison and generalization. The research uses general scientific methods, in particular the analysis and systematization of scientific literature on the topic of investiga­tion. The historical-factual method was used to identify historical processes and factors that influenced the development of transformation of the visual language of illustration and other visual practices based on it. The scientific nov­elty is in conducting a comparative analysis of visual images based on the study of visualiza­tion of classical literature works. Interpretation of the images of this classic of world literature is given by a number of artists from Sandro Botticelli to Giovanni Tommasi Ferroni, as well as the presence of images of the “Divine Com­edy” in mass and pop cultures are considered: the popularization of Dante, the exploitation of his image in the mass market through graffiti, cartoons, visual novels, websites, profiles in so­cial networks, etc. Methods of adapting Dante’s stylistics for a modern viewer, accustomed to clip products, manifestations of distribution in the most popular social networks, have been determined. Conclusions. The research shows that the unique world of visual language in the illustration and design of book publications is transformed with the help of subjective artistic vision in order to maintain the interest of a mod­ern reader of the pre-classical heritage. As a re­sult of the research, we come to the conclusion that the popularization of the image of Dante in mass culture depends on the individual factor of the world perception of the artist as a cre­ative personality. World classical art becomes the basis for the emergence of new sources of author’s creative approaches to the visual rein­terpretation of the achievements of civilization. The process of transformation of the visual lan­guage of illustrations as components of graphic design ensures long-term support of the spread of images of the “Divine Comedy” not only in Dante Alighieri’s homeland, but also in the Euro­pean art landscape.

Artistic activity of Russian-Soviet artists in Harbin and Shanghai China during the period of the Republic of China (1912–1949)

This article mainly studies and analyzes the artistic activity of Soviet artists in Harbin and Shanghai during the period of the Republic of China. Due to their special geographical location, Harbin and Shanghai have always been centers of dissemination and artistic exchange of Soviet art and culture in China. The subject of the study is various types of art education and artistic activities that Soviet artists carried out in China during the period of the Republic of China. The object of the study is the influence that the spread of Soviet realistic painting in China had on the development of modern Chinese art in the XX century. The author pays special attention to the analysis of the profound impact that the appearance of various art studios created in China, acquaintance with the artistic work of Soviet artists, as well as training with the owl, have had on the development of modern Chinese art. Soviet art has been the basis for the development of modern Chinese art from the very beginning. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the author addresses a little – explored topic – how the arrival of Soviet artists in China, which coincided with the "Movement of Foreign Painting" in the Republic of China, influenced the formation of Chinese art. Soviet artists strongly supported the innovative artistic creativity of Chinese artists and at the same time contributed to the dominance of Soviet realistic art in the artistic landscape during the formation of China. The main conclusions of the study are that the mass spread of Soviet art in China created new ground for traditional Chinese art, gave a continuation and a new life to traditional painting. To a certain extent, this influenced the artistic and aesthetic preferences of that time and even the general public, and also directly affected the development of Chinese art education in the XX century.

Deconstruction of the Landscape in Contemporary Art Based on the Example of the Installation Do Plants Dream of the Future? by Igor Eškinja

In Igor Eškinja’s installation Do Plants Dream of the Future? the main artistic motif is the living plant world growing in specific locations. The theme is therefore a landscape, but at the same time an anti-landscape because the plants are weeds, and the location is not determined by the natural, but by the industrial environment. The artist scrutinizes the plants in such an artificial environment and the nature here is inseparable from the urban layer. Moreover, the binarity of nature and culture is illustrated throughout the entire artwork, as well as the paradoxical nature of this relationship. This text aims to demonstrate to what extent is Eškinja’s installation is a landscape and what it tells us about the topic of nature in contemporary art.

Application of digital technology in environmental art design

Abstract In recent years, digital technology has rapidly penetrated various industries and brought various opportunities for developing these industries. Based on two digital technologies, BP neural network and the Gray Wolf algorithm, this article analyzes the application of digital technology in environmental art design at Xi’an Eurasian National University, taking environmental art design as an example. The article uses these two algorithms to analyze the site and design principles of the campus, followed by detailed design and consideration of the campus environment design, mainly from greenery design, groundscape and road pavement design, and campus landscape lighting design. The analysis of the collected data in this paper shows that students’ satisfaction with the central teaching area is generally low, at around 20%, and the satisfaction with the northwest teaching area is the highest, all above 40%, up to 61%. The students’ satisfaction with the plant landscape on the campus was generally at a medium level. However, the satisfaction level for loblolly pine is not very high, and overall is around 30%, while the satisfaction level for the cedar is high, and everyone’s satisfaction is higher than 60%. Therefore, this paper takes the students’ satisfaction with the campus landscape environment into consideration in the landscape design, which is conducive to achieving the perfect integration of landscape art design and ecological environment and achieving the realistic goal of both aesthetic and environmental protection.

Digital Technologies and the Transformation of Archaeological Labor

The use of computers and other digital technologies have had a long history in classical archaeology, but in the last decade, advances in software and especially hardware have begun to transform the way that archaeologists work in the field. This paper explores three examples of this phenomenon from my perspective as co-director, director, or assistant director of three different research projects between 2010 and 2019. These are the Pompeii Quadriporticus Project (2010–2013), the Pompeii Artistic Landscape Project (PALP, 2018–present), and the Tharros Archaeological Research Project (TARP, 2019–present). As a whole, these projects trace one history of digital technology’s impact on the organization of archaeological labor, from intensifying work due to increased efficiency, to increasing the pressure due to newly available data sources, and to reorganizing the in-field procedures that at once takes advantage of efficiencies and frees up labor at the trench edge.