320CIVIL WAR HISTORY to those interested in economic and political history as well as those interested in the military operations of the war. James J. Hudson University ofArkansas. Grant Moves South. By Bruce Catton. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Pp. xi, 564. $6.50.) during the years Lloyd Lewis was working on his Sherman: Fighting Prophet (1932), he said that references to Grant kept stealing his attention from the man who would march through Georgia. Lewis hoped to write Grant's biography and at that early time began collecting data on him. He was working then for the Chicago Daily News and he used to say that he could hear the guns of Shiloh above the clicking typewriters. As a journalist Lloyd Lewis rose rapidly, but all the while the insistent boom of the guns kept constantly roaring in his ears. Finally, after becoming managing editor, he resigned and for the next five years he worked almost exclusively on Grant. In 1950 he died suddenly, as a soldier should. No lingering illness. The first volume of Lloyd Lewis' projected biography, Captain Sam Grant, was published posthumously. His notes for succeeding volumes filled a steel cabinet and several large boxes, all tightly packed. His publishers, Little, Brown and Company, and his widow, Kathryn, sought someone to continue the proposed biography—a difficult task, for Lloyd Lewis was one of those rare historians who wrote with authority and great artistic skill. They finally selected Bruce Catton, another great artist in history. Grant Moves South began where Lloyd Lewis left Grant at the time he took command of the 21st Illinois Infantry in 1861. It leaves him at the close of the Vicksburg campaign in 1863. Carton's interpretation of Grant is the same as Lloyd Lewis', but there is an important difference in their methods. Lloyd Lewis always maintained thatthe only acceptable picture of a man at any specific time inhis life must be taken from contemporary descriptions, not from memoirs written after the man became famous. Catton draws on both contemporary and later sources, but he is careful to appraise the reader of this fact. Bruce Carton's literary style also differs from Lloyd Lewis'. Both men have produced artistic masterpieces in written history, and every historian, try as he may, can reflect only himself. Certainly this is as it should be. Who wants Cézanne to see a French landscape through Millet's eyes, or expects Michelangelo's work to resemble Raphael's? How much Bruce Catton relied on the data collected by Lloyd Lewis is uncertain. The notes were so voluminous that no man could read them all in less than a year, much less digest them. They surely could suggest important sources. Lloyd Lewis also recorded some interviews with people who have since died, and Bruce Catton indicates that they were the important part of the Lewis notes. A least a dozen books have been written about Grant in the last thirty Book Reviews321 years, including one small volume by Bruce Catton. Grant Moves South follows closely the outline of this author's earlier volume and skillfully enlarges each topic. No other work shows such a mastery of the field. A book similar to it is A. L. Conger's The Rise of U. S. Grant, published in 1931. Of course Catton uses three times the space allowed Conger to tell the same events, and he takes advantage of these extra pages, breathing life into the narrative. Random sampling of a few chapters discloses a marked variance in the two writers' procedure. Conger, in incident after incident, relies on the Official Records for approximately two-thirds of his sources. For the same incidents, two-thirds of Cation's citations are to regimental histories, secondary campaign studies, and personal manuscripts, with only one-third taken from the Official Records. This difference in sources may well add the vitamins which make Carton's account so much more lively than Conger's. Incidentally, it is noticeable that both authors agree that "Old Brains" Halleck was not so brainless as many historians picture him. It is also pertinent to compare the historical method used in Grant Moves South with the work of...