Art In Robotics Research Articles

State of the Art on Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robots

Due to the increasing number of people suffering from walking disorders, physiotherapy is becoming the process of treating this dysfunction and helping people to recover their natural motor ability as much as possible. Due to the lack of therapists, rehabilitation robots aim to reduce their tasks, help patients recover their natural walking ability as much as possible, and promote self-rehabilitation. The present work reviewed the state of the art of lower limb rehabilitation robots and introduced their features, including structure, drive mode, control and safety precautions. Then, we discussed the problem of developing the current rehabilitation robots and the orientation towards the future.

Research status of elderly-care robots and safe human-robot interaction methods

Faced with the increasingly severe global aging population with fewer children, the research, development, and application of elderly-care robots are expected to provide some technical means to solve the problems of elderly care, disability and semi-disability nursing, and rehabilitation. Elderly-care robots involve biomechanics, computer science, automatic control, ethics, and other fields of knowledge, which is one of the most challenging and most concerned research fields of robotics. Unlike other robots, elderly-care robots work for the frail elderly. There is information exchange and energy exchange between people and robots, and the safe human-robot interaction methods are the research core and key technology. The states of the art of elderly-care robots and their various nursing modes and safe interaction methods are introduced and discussed in this paper. To conclude, considering the disparity between current elderly care robots and their anticipated objectives, we offer a comprehensive overview of the critical technologies and research trends that impact and enhance the feasibility and acceptance of elderly care robots. These areas encompass the collaborative assistance of diverse assistive robots, the establishment of a novel smart home care model for elderly individuals using sensor networks, the optimization of robot design for improved flexibility, and the enhancement of robot acceptability.

Development of 3D‐Printed Magnetic Micro‐Nanorobots for Targeted Therapeutics: the State of Art

Micro‐/nanorobots (mn‐robots), inspired by the versatile mechanisms found in natural microorganisms, show great potential in enabling innovative bio‐applications. The 3D‐printed magnetic mn‐robots are substantially advanced to swim in vivo and to carry and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. To understand the state of the art of such robots and identify their development trend, this article presents a comprehensive and systematic review of the recent works on development of magnetic robots and their applications in biomedical engineering, with a particular focus on targeted therapeutic delivery. The developments in materials, fabrications, actuations, and applications with design for magnetic mn‐robots are reviewed, and it is aimed to discover the limitations of the existing works and to identify the knowledge gap, thereby deriving future research directions on developing magnetic mn‐robots, especially for their applications in targeted therapeutic delivery.

Humanoid Robotics in Artificial Intelligence

The humanoid robotics is the emerging and the fascinating field of research as it combines the advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotics to design socio- intelligent and human-like robots and robots resembling the human body in the structure .Art of humanoid robotics which include integration of artificial intelligent techniques to enhance their cognitive abilities, interactive behavior and perceptual capabilities like perception and sensing, natural language processing ,human robot interaction, autonomy and control, personalization and adaptability, collaborative capabilities. Overall artificial intelligence plays a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of humanoid robotics. Machine learning is the one of the ways of implementing the social intelligence in humanoid robots. Humanoid robot is defined as robot resembling the human body and can interact with external world and exhibit basic locomotion like gestures and response to real time scenarios. Domestic robots like poppy developed and designed by poppy project and NAO developed by Softbank. Humanoid robots are used in healthcare, public-relations, education ,rescue operations, research ,human -robot interactions, personal assistance, and education sectors . Robots have proved to be good human companion by doing basic human chores and by robot human interactions. The presented research focuses on the development of 2D,3D indoor humanoid robots in a cost-effective manner which are capable of doing basic human household chores, understanding the human emotions, care giving, personal assistance and in education sector as social robot as an assistive tool in classrooms by accepting the voice commands and responding through the hand gestures and by biped or wheeled locomotion .

What Do Sex Robots Want? Representation, Materiality, and Queer Use

ABSTRACT: This essay addresses its title question by analyzing sex robots, real and imagined, as both representational objects and vital matter. Though frequently treated as perverse by popular media, actual sex robots are in fact remarkably conventional in their reproduction of a heteronormative sexual aesthetic that disavows the vibrancy of the sexualized object. Sex robot art and fictional narratives (both film and literature), including Jordan Wolfson’s installation Female Figure (2014), Alex Garland’s Ex Machina (2014), and Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods (2007), employ and interrogate this kind of mimetic design. In these texts, sex robots assert their vibrancy and agency via what Sarah Ahmed terms “queer use,” while at the same time reinscribing the humanist hierarchies that precluded their vitality in the first place.

Future GPT Memory in Chips for Robot Intelligence

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) in robotics has opened up new possibilities for advanced machine learning algorithms to enhance robots' intelligence and cognitive abilities. One of the key factors in achieving these capabilities is the memory capacity of the robots. This paper examines the potential for future GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) memory in chips that can be installed in robots to enhance their intelligence. We explore the current state of the art in AI and robotics, discuss the importance of memory capacity for robot intelligence, and examine the potential of GPT memory in chips for improving the cognitive abilities of robots. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of these developments for the future of robotics and AI. This paper explores the potential of GPT memory, a type of transformer-based neural network, for use in memory systems installed in robots. We discuss the architecture of GPT memory, the current state of GPT technology, and its potential applications in the field of robotics. We also consider the challenges associated with implementing GPT memory in robotic systems, including power consumption and computational requirements

A Child-Robot Musical Theater Afterschool Program for Promoting STEAM Education: A Case Study and Guidelines

With the advancements of machine learning and AI technologies, robots have been more widely used in our everyday life and they have also been used in education. The present study introduces a 12-week child-robot theater afterschool program designed to promote science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education with art elements (STEAM) for elementary students using social robots. Four modules were designed to introduce robot mechanisms as well as arts: Acting (anthropomorphism), Dance (robot movements), Music and Sounds (music composition), and Drawing (robot art). These modules provided children with basic knowledge about robotics and STEM and guided children to create a live robot theater play. A total of 16 students participated in the program, and 11 of them were involved in completing questionnaires and interviews regarding their perceptions towards robots, STEAM, and the afterschool program. Four afterschool program teachers participated in interviews, reflecting their perceptions of the program and observations of children’s experiences during the program. Our findings suggest that the present program effectively maintained children’s engagement and improved their interest in STEAM by connecting social robots and theater production. We conclude with design guidelines and recommendations for future research and programs.

The robotic painter

AI-generated and robotically created, are these paintings the fine art of the future?Robohood Inc, an art and tech start-up specialising in artificial intelligence and robotics, says it has created the world's first AI-robotic technology that enables users to create physical paintings from an idea to canvas without human involvement.

The robotic painter

AI-generated and robotically created, are these paintings the fine art of the future?Robohood Inc, an art and tech start-up specialising in artificial intelligence and robotics, says it has created the world's first AI-robotic technology that enables users to create physical paintings from an idea to canvas without human involvement.

Future control stations for heavy machinery

Abstract Robots and industrial vehicles are becoming more and more autonomous. Currently, the robots are not able to carry out all tasks autonomously, but the number of those tasks is increasing. Semi- autonomous robots are changing the requirements of control stations for their surveillance and control. These new technologies will provide the possibility to have a single operator command and supervise multiple (semi-) autonomous systems. This requires new control stations, which support remote control and also commanding autonomous actions, like executing a movement command to a specific position. Here, we provide a concept that combines classic and future control stations, that can already be used with the current state of the art in robotics.

Dream Painter

This paper describes an interactive robotic art installation Dream Painter by the artistic duo Varvara & Mar that deploys artificial intelligence (AI), a KUKA industrial robot and interaction technology in order to offer the audience an artistic interpretation of their past dreams, which are then turned into a collective painting. The installation is composed of four larger parts: audience interaction design, AI-driven multicoloured drawing software, communication with an arm robot, and a kinetic part that is the automatic paper progression following each completed dream drawing. All these interconnected parts are orchestrated into an interactive and autonomous system in the form of an art installation that occupies two floors of a cultural centre. In the article, we document the technical and conceptual frameworks of the project, and the experience gained through the creation and exhibition of the interactive robotic art installation. In addition, the paper explores the creative potential of speech-to-AI-drawing transformation, which is a translation of different semiotic spaces performed by a robot as a method for audience interaction in the art exhibition context.

ROBOTIC ART IN THE CASE STUDY OF THE INFERNO PERFORMANCE (TRANSHUMANIST PROJECTS IN REALITY)

This paper analyzes the provisions of the transhumanist “philosophy” implemented in contemporary art, particularly, in cyber art. The performance Inferno created by two artists - Louis-Philippe Demers and Bill Vorn is presented as a case study. The artists have shown this performance in various parts of the world: from the USA to Russia. From the point of view of transhumanism, this performance is positioned as a “useful experience” and as an illustration of symbiosis (mutualism) of man and machine. However, this assessment initially contains a number of errors. Firstly, there is a substitution of concepts and processes, where the term “symbiosis” does not correspond to the essence of the phenomenon. Secondly, the article emphasizes the role of the experiment when, through robotic art, the “voluntary” monitoring of the reactions of the performance viewers is carried out, and the viewers serve as experimental samples or transhumans in the context of the “human enhancement” project.

Recent Advances in Bipedal Walking Robots: Review of Gait, Drive, Sensors and Control Systems.

Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known solutions are based on the use of the principles of human gait created in nature during evolution. Modernbipedal robots are also based on the locomotion manners of birds. This review presents the current state of the art of bipedal walking robots based on natural bipedal movements (human and bird) as well as on innovative synthetic solutions. Firstly, an overview of the scientific analysis of human gait is provided as a basis for the design of bipedal robots. The full human gait cycle that consists of two main phases is analysed and the attention is paid to the problem of balance and stability, especially in the single support phase when the bipedal movement is unstable. The influences of passive or active gait on energy demand are also discussed. Most studies are explored based on the zero moment. Furthermore, a review of the knowledge on the specific locomotor characteristics of birds, whose kinematics are derived from dinosaurs and provide them with both walking and running abilities, is presented. Secondly, many types of bipedal robot solutions are reviewed, which include nature-inspired robots (human-like and birdlike robots) and innovative robots using new heuristic, synthetic ideas for locomotion. Totally 45 robotic solutions are gathered by thebibliographic search method. Atlas was mentioned as one of the most perfect human-like robots, while the birdlike robot cases were Cassie and Digit. Innovative robots are presented, such asslider robot without knees, robots with rotating feet (3 and 4 degrees of freedom), and the hybrid robot Leo, which can walk on surfaces and fly. In particular, the paper describes in detail the robots’ propulsion systems (electric, hydraulic), the structure of the lower limb (serial, parallel, mixed mechanisms), the types and structures of control and sensor systems, and the energy efficiency of the robots. Terrain roughness recognition systems using different sensor systems based on light detection and ranging or multiple cameras are introduced. A comparison of performance, control and sensor systems, drive systems, and achievements of known human-like and birdlike robots is provided. Thirdly, for the first time, the review comments on the future of bipedal robots in relation to the concepts of conventional (natural bipedal) and synthetic unconventional gait. We critically assess and compare prospective directions for further research that involve the development of navigation systems, artificial intelligence, collaboration with humans, areas for the development of bipedal robot applications in everyday life, therapy, and industry.

Current State of Robotics in Hand Rehabilitation after Stroke: A Systematic Review

Among the methods of hand function rehabilitation after stroke, robot-assisted rehabilitation is widely used, and the use of hand rehabilitation robots can provide functional training of the hand or assist the paralyzed hand with activities of daily living. However, patients with hand disorders consistently report that the needs of some users are not being met. The purpose of this review is to understand the reasons why these user needs are not being adequately addressed, to explore research on hand rehabilitation robots, to review their current state of research in recent years, and to summarize future trends in the hope that it will be useful to researchers in this research area. This review summarizes the techniques in this paper in a systematic way. We first provide a comprehensive review of research institutions, commercial products, and literature. Thus, the state of the art and deficiencies of functional hand rehabilitation robots are sought and guide the development of subsequent hand rehabilitation robots. This review focuses specifically on the actuation and control of hand functional rehabilitation robots, as user needs are primarily focused on actuation and control strategies. We also review hand detection technologies and compare them with patient needs. The results show that the trends in recent years are more inclined to pursue new lightweight materials to improve hand adaptability, investigating intelligent control methods for human-robot interaction in hand functional rehabilitation robots to improve control robustness and accuracy, and VR virtual task positioning to improve the effectiveness of active rehabilitation training.

Caring for robots: How care comes to matter in human-machine interfacing.

Care robots promise to assist older people in an ageing society. This article investigates the socio-material conditions of care with robots by focusing on the usually invisible practices of human-machine interfacing. I define human-machine interfacing as the activities by roboticists and others to render interaction between robots and people possible in the first place. This includes, efforts to render prototypical arrangements of care 'robot-friendly'. In my video-assisted ethnography of human-robot interaction (HRI) experiments. I identify four types of interfacing practices, where care comes to matter: integrating the ephemeral entity that is 'a robot', helping it by way of mundane courtesies, making users 'fit' for interacting with it, and establishing corridors of interaction between the robot and people's bodies. I show that robots do not so much care for (older) people but rather, the other way around - people need to care for robots. Hence, care robots are not simply agents of care but also objects of care, rendering necessary a symmetrical analysis of human-machine interfacing. Furthermore, these practices do not merely reflect the prototypical state of the art in robotics. Rather, they indicate a more general mode of how robots and people interface. I argue that care with robots requires us to re-consider the exclusive focus on the human and at least complement it with care for the non-human and, incidentally, the robotic, too.

Affective Movement in Robotic Art: Alternatives to the ‘Interiority Paradigm’ in Social Robotics

This paper criticallyevaluates how emotional and intentional movement is conceptualised and deployedin social robotics and provides an alternative by analysing contemporary roboticartworks that deal with affective human-robot interaction (HRI). Within HRI,movement as a way of communicating emotions and intent has become a topic ofincreased interest, which has made social robotics turn to theatre and dancedue to the expertise of these fields in expressive movement. This paper willargue that social robotics’ way of using performative methods with regards toemotional movement is, nonetheless, limited and carries certainchallenges.  These challenges are grounded on the claim that socialrobotics participates in what the author calls an ‘interiority paradigm’. Thatis, movement is understood to be the expression of inner, pre-determinedstates. The 'interiority paradigm' poses several challenges to the developmentof emotional movement, with regards to unaddressed human and roboticimaginaries, an emphasis in legibility and familiarity, and a restrictiveinterior/exterior binary that limits the role of movement in an affectiveconnection. As an example of how robots could be imagined beyond this interiorityparadigm, the author proposes to turn to contemporary robotic art. Robotic art’s view on affective movement as a matter ofevocation and of performative co-creation might inspire the development ofrobots that move beyond the requirement of being mere copies of a humaninteriority.  While the intersection between robotics and the performingarts is a fruitful field of research, the author argues in this paper that theway in which movement is currently being developed through performative methodshas certain shortcomings, and that the perspective of robotic art on affectivemovement might open up a more interesting area of exploration for socialrobotics, as well as expose those aspects of theatre and dance that have beingunaddressed in robotics. 

Arte, estética y robots para una filosofía de la interacción

The concept of interaction is key in the contemporary development of social robotics. We do discuss, however, the convenience of a definition that prioritizes the robot’s programming successes and threatens to undermine its integration as an elemental dimension of human nature. Based on a definition from analytical philosophy, in which the definitely human horizon of the concept of interaction is not devalued, we carry out a «search in the field of robotic art» as a harmless territory for experimentation in which aesthetic regulations are applied. independently, therefore, of other interests related to utility or industrial application. Special attention is paid to those cases oriented to machine / human interaction, and we finally apply a hierarchy of levels of interaction, which is followed by a series of provisional conclusions.

Yoshimura-origami Based Earthworm-like Robot With 3-dimensional Locomotion Capability.

Earthworm-like robots have received great attention due to their prominent locomotion abilities in various environments. In this research, by exploiting the extraordinary three-dimensional (3D) deformability of the Yoshimura-origami structure, the state of the art of earthworm-like robots is significantly advanced by enhancing the locomotion capability from 2D to 3D. Specifically, by introducing into the virtual creases, kinematics of the non-rigid-foldable Yoshimura-ori structure is systematically analyzed. In addition to exhibiting large axial deformation, the Yoshimura-ori structure could also bend toward different directions, which, therefore, significantly expands the reachable workspace and makes it possible for the robot to perform turning and rising motions. Based on prototypes made of PETE film, mechanical properties of the Yoshimura-ori structure are also evaluated experimentally, which provides useful guidelines for robot design. With the Yoshimura-ori structure as the skeleton of the robot, a hybrid actuation mechanism consisting of SMA springs, pneumatic balloons, and electromagnets is then proposed and embedded into the robot: the SMA springs are used to bend the origami segments for turning and rising motion, the pneumatic balloons are employed for extending and contracting the origami segments, and the electromagnets serve as anchoring devices. Learning from the earthworm’s locomotion mechanism--retrograde peristalsis wave, locomotion gaits are designed for controlling the robot. Experimental tests indicate that the robot could achieve effective rectilinear, turning, and rising locomotion, thus demonstrating the unique 3D locomotion capability.

Robot Art, in the Eye of the Beholder?: Personalized Metaphors Facilitate Communication of Emotions and Creativity.

Socially assistive robots are being designed to support people’s well-being in contexts such as art therapy where human therapists are scarce, by making art together with people in an appropriate way. A challenge is that various complex and idiosyncratic concepts relating to art, like emotions and creativity, are not yet well understood. Guided by the principles of speculative design, the current article describes the use of a collaborative prototyping approach involving artists and engineers to explore this design space, especially in regard to general and personalized art-making strategies. This led to identifying a goal: to generate representational or abstract art that connects emotionally with people’s art and shows creativity. For this, an approach involving personalized “visual metaphors” was proposed, which balances the degree to which a robot’s art is influenced by interacting persons. The results of a small user study via a survey provided further insight into people’s perceptions: the general design was perceived as intended and appealed; as well, personalization via representational symbols appeared to lead to easier and clearer communication of emotions than via abstract symbols. In closing, the article describes a simplified demo, and discusses future challenges. Thus, the contribution of the current work lies in suggesting how a robot can seek to interact with people in an emotional and creative way through personalized art; thereby, the aim is to stimulate ideation in this promising area and facilitate acceptance of such robots in everyday human environments.

Reading the Human through Robots

Reading the Human through Robots