Arsenic Pollution Of Groundwater Research Articles

Effect of landfill leachate on arsenic migration and transformation in shallow groundwater systems.

Arsenic contamination of groundwater has affected human health and environmental safety worldwide. Hundreds of millions of people in more than 100 countries around the world are directly or indirectly troubled by arsenic-contaminated groundwater. In addition, arsenic contamination of groundwater caused by leakage of leachate from municipal solid waste landfills has occurred in some countries and regions, which has attracted widespread attention. Understanding how domestic waste landfill leachate affects the arsenic's migration and transformation in shallow groundwater is crucial for accurate assessment of the distribution and ecological hazards of arsenic in groundwater. Based on literature review, this study systematically summarized and discussed the basic characteristics of landfill leachate, the mechanism of arsenic pollution in groundwater, and the effect of landfill leachate on the migration and transformation of arsenic in groundwater. Combined with relevant research findings and practical experience, countermeasures and suggestions to limit the impact of landfill leachate on the migration and transformation of arsenic in groundwater are put forward.

A comprehensive review of arsenic contamination in India with an emphasis on its detection through biosensors and bioremediation from the aqueous system

AbstractIn India, where millions of people use groundwater for drinking, arsenic pollution in groundwater is a major environmental and public health issue. The review begins by analyzing the sources and causes of groundwater arsenic pollution, including natural geological processes and anthropogenic activities like mining and industrial discharge. It emphasizes India's most arsenic‐contaminated regions and the health risks of long‐term exposure. The review's second section focuses on the use of biosensors to find arsenic in groundwater. A potential method is provided by biosensors because of their great sensitivity, selectivity, and quick response. The benefits and drawbacks of several types of biosensors, including optical, electrochemical, and microbiological biosensors, are discussed. The utilization of nanomaterials, biomolecular recognition components, and miniature devices are only a few of the most recent developments in biosensor technology for arsenic detection that are studied. The review's last section discusses methods for bio‐remediating aqueous systems that have been contaminated with arsenic. Various bioremediation techniques are covered in detail, including microbial degradation, phytoremediation, and biosorption. The promise for removing arsenic using native microbes and plant species is highlighted, along with the difficulties of widespread application and long‐term sustainability. Overall, focusing on the detection of arsenic using biosensors and investigating bioremediation techniques, this review offers a thorough grasp of the arsenic poisoning in groundwater in India. In order to combat arsenic contamination and protect the health and wellbeing of the impacted populations in India, it emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research and collaboration among scientists, engineers, policymakers, and local communities.

The machine learning and geostatistical approach for assessment of arsenic contamination levels using physicochemical properties of water.

Arsenic contamination in groundwater due to natural or anthropogenic sources is responsible for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans and the ecosystem. The physicochemical properties of groundwater in the study area were determined in the laboratory using the samples collected across the Varanasi region of Uttar Pradesh, India. This paper analyses the physicochemical properties of water using machine learning, descriptive statistics, geostatistical and spatial analysis. Pearson correlation was used for feature selection and highly correlated features were selected for model creation. Hydrochemical facies of the study area were analyzed and the hyperparameters of machine learning models, i.e., multilayer perceptron, random forest (RF), naïve Bayes, and decision tree were optimized before training and testing the groundwater samples as high (1) or low (0) arsenic contamination levels based on the WHO 10 μg/L guideline value. The overall performance of the models was compared based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity value. Among all models, the RF algorithm outclasses other classifiers, as it has a high accuracy of 92.30%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 75%. The accuracy result was compared to prior research, and the machine learning model may be used to continually monitor the amount of arsenic pollution in groundwater.

The role of ROS/p38 MAPK/NLRP3 inflammasome cascade in arsenic-induced depression-/anxiety-like behaviors of mice

Arsenic pollution in groundwater remains a serious public health concern around the world. Recent years, arsenic-related neurological and psychiatric disorders have been reported increasingly. However, the exact mechanisms of it remains elusive. In this study, arsenic exposure through drinking water resulted in depression-/anxiety-like behaviors in mice accompanied by oxidative stress and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, two main affected areas found in neurobehavioral disorders. Intervention by NAC, a ROS scavenger, diminished the social behavior impairments in mice as well as ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Further study revealed that it was p38 MAPK signaling pathway that mediated ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Overall, our findings suggested that ROS/p38 MAPK/NLRP3 inflammasome cascade was involved in arsenic-induced depression-/anxiety-disorders. Furthermore, NAC might be a potential therapeutic agent for arsenic-induced depression-/anxiety-disorders by inhibiting both ROS generation and ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

A hydrochemical and isotopic approach for source identification and health risk assessment of groundwater arsenic pollution in the central Yinchuan basin

Arsenic contamination of groundwater is becoming a major global issue as it can severely affect the safety of drinking water and human health. In this paper, 448 water samples were investigated to study the spatiotemporal distribution, source identification and human health risk of groundwater arsenic pollution in the central Yinchuan basin by applying a hydrochemical and isotopic approach. The results showed that arsenic concentrations in groundwater ranged from 0.7 μg/L to 26 μg/L with a mean of 2.19 μg/L, and 5.9% of samples were above 5 μg/L, indicating the arsenic pollution of groundwater in the study area. High arsenic groundwater was mainly distributed in the northern and eastern areas along the Yellow river. The main hydrochemistry type of high arsenic groundwater was HCO3·SO4–Na·Mg, and the dissolution of arsenic-bearing minerals in sediment, irrigation water infiltration and aquifer recharge from the Yellow river were the main sources of arsenic in groundwater. The arsenic enrichment was dominantly controlled by the TMn redox reaction and the competitive adsorption of HCO3−, and the influence of anthropogenic activities was limited. The health risk assessment suggested that the carcinogenic risk of As for children and adults greatly exceeded the acceptable risk threshold of 1E-6, displaying a high carcer risk, while the non-carcinogenic risks of As, F−, TFe, TMn and NO3− in 2019 were largely higher than the acceptable risk threshold (HQ > 1). The present study provides insight into the occurrence, hydrochemical processes and potential health risk of arsenic pollution in groundwater.

Arsenic calamity in India’s West Bengal: a critical review of mitigation scenarios

Arsenic pollution of groundwater is a serious concern in the developing world. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in arsenic remediation in India, where millions of households are exposed to arsenic poisoning through drinking water drawn from contaminated aquifers. Arsenic-treatment units (ATUs) have been effective in helping regions where piped-water supply of surface water is unachievable due to logistic constraints. However, no policy measure exists on environmental and economic management of the voluminous wastewater produced by ATUs. The waste is highly toxic in terms of its arsenic content and leachability and therefore can readily re-contaminate local environments if suitable stabilisation methods are not implemented. This paper presents an investigation of the recent developments in arsenic-wastewater-management practices of a severely affected state called West Bengal. Commercial fixation of the waste by incorporation into building materials is often seen as a potent method for ultimate encapsulation of arsenic toxicity. By analysing the practical efficacy of such a prospective project, the author has made an attempt to model scenarios involving non-hazardous and financially beneficial arsenic waste management for sustainable arsenic mitigation in the region.

Investigation of arsenic contamination in groundwater using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry.

The validated hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) method has been used to investigate total arsenic in groundwater. Under optimal experimental conditions, the concentration of arsenic in groundwater can be analysed in the range of 0.5 to 50µg/L, with a method detection limit of 0.15µg/L. Its recovery in the field is from 96.3 to 99.8%, with high repeatability. The method was used to observe the total arsenic pollution in groundwater collected in Phu Tho Province, Vietnam. A total of 364 groundwater samples were analysed. The results showed that arsenic pollution was significant, with 15.93% of the samples higher than the maximum permissible level of arsenic. About 20.69% of the contaminated samples had a total arsenic ten times higher (100µg/L) than the maximum permissible level of arsenic. The pollution source was also considered by comparing the arsenic level in the groundwater with arsenic in the surface water in the same areas. Thus, the use of the high-accuracy and sensitive method, HG-AAS, supplies valuable data on groundwater pollution for water resources management and environmental protection.

Dynamics of Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Arsenic Due to Salt-Leaching Irrigation and Saline-Alkali Land

Determining the link between the evolution of salt-leaching irrigation, saline-alkali land, and groundwater arsenic (As) is essential to prevent groundwater arsenic pollution and implement appropriate soil salinization control projects. The objectives of our study were to explore the spatiotemporal correlation of saline-alkali land and salt-leaching irrigation with groundwater As in the Hetao Plain. Therefore, groundwater As concentrations during Period I (2006–2010) and Period II (2016–2020) were collected by historical data and chemical measurements. Salt-leaching irrigation area and saline-alkali land area in Period I and Period II were extracted through remote sensing data. With the increase of the salt-leaching irrigation area level (SLIAL) and saline-alkali land area level (SALAL), the variation trend in groundwater As concentration slightly fluctuated, with an increase in the SLIAL at the low SALAL, which may be because short-term flooding may not considerably enhance As mobilization. Lower groundwater As concentrations appeared in regions with higher SLIAL and lower SALAL. A larger saline-alkali land area (higher SALAL) increased the groundwater As concentration. The path analysis model confirmed that salt-leaching irrigation may increase groundwater salinity to affect groundwater As levels and to decrease the saline-alkali land area. From Periods I to II, the difference in path analysis results may imply that the decrease in the saline-alkali land area may have influenced As mobilization due to competitive adsorption caused by the increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater. Our results provide new insights for the impacts of saline-alkali land and salt-leaching irrigation both on groundwater As concentration and the geochemical processes of As enrichment in arid and semi-arid areas with more serious salinization.

One-Pot synthesis of MWCNTs/Fe-MOFs nanocomposites for enhanced adsorption of As(V) in aqueous solution

Arsenic is a toxic carcinogen, and arsenic pollution in groundwater is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Thus, it is an urgent problem to efficient removal of arsenic from groundwater. In this work, a novel MWCNTs/MIL-53(Fe) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized to improve the water stability of MIL-53(Fe) by incorporation of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a one-pot hydrothermal method, and was then used to efficiently adsorb As(V) ions from groundwater. Adsorption experimental results demonstrated an ultrafast adsorption rate of As(V) on the MWCNTs/MIL-53(Fe) nanocomposites in solution pH values of 3 to 10, and the adsorption equilibrium could be reached in circa 20 min with an adsorption capacity of 27.24 mg·g−1 in a low As(V) concentration of 10 mg·L−1. The adsorption kinetics of As(V) on the MWCNTs/MIL-53(Fe) was found in line with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model, and was simultaneously controlled by both internal diffusion and liquid film diffusion. The adsorption isotherm data conformed to the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model, indicating both physical and chemical adsorption occurred at heterogeneous interfaces. Moreover, the postulated adsorption mechanism of As(V) on MWCNTs/MIL-53(Fe) nanocomposites was ascribed to hydrogen-bond interaction, electrostatic attraction and chemical complexation. Therefore, the as-prepared MWCNTs/MIL-53(Fe) nanocomposites not only exhibit superior water stability and outstanding adsorption performance in removing arsenic-contaminated groundwater, but also offer a novel insight for rational preparation of water-stable MOF-based composites.

Occurrence and behavior of arsenic in groundwater-aquifer system of irrigated areas.

Groundwater arsenic pollution has received much attention worldwide for decades as a serious threat to public health, but the mechanisms responsible for arsenic mobilization are not fully understood. Groundwater and bore drilling sediment samples from Qiji county, a small geographical agricultural area with endemic arsenicosis, are collected for demonstrating the occurrence and speciation of arsenic in groundwater and sediments, and arsenic release between solid-liquid phase influenced by human activities. Results show that arsenic concentrations in groundwater vary from 5 μg/L to 19.6 μg/L, with 80% exceeding the maximum permissible limits required by WHO (10 μg/L) for drinking water and therefore constituting a health risk for humans. In a weak oxidizing environment (oxidation-reduction potential (ORP): 12.9 mV-151 mV), inorganic As(V) accounts for 85% of total dissolved As, which to some extent alleviates the harm of As pollution on humans. Total As content in the sediments is in the range of 6.98 mg/kg and 14.34 mg/kg (median of 10.71 mg/kg), three times higher than the average value of many countries. Sequential chemical leaching indicates that 11% of arsenic in sediments is labile bound and may be closely related to the arsenic in groundwater. Additionally, irrigation intensity contributes to arsenic release with diverse As3+/As5+ by dissolving weakly bound arsenic rapidly. Subsequently part of As(III) is oxidized to As(V). Competitive and/or alkaline desorption of As(V), which had been adsorbed by FeMn (hydrous)-oxides and carbonates in the unsaturated zone and the aquifer, exerts a significant role in releasing arsenic into the groundwater. Our study indicates that systematic management and regulation of irrigation intensity are required to prevent further deterioration of groundwater resources.

Review: Complexation mechanism of organic matter and arsenic on iron-containing minerals

Arsenic pollution in groundwater is serious in many areas of the world. The interaction between arsenic, iron and organic matter has an important impact on the transformation and transportation of arsenic in groundwater. This review summarises work in three areas – namely, (a) interaction between different types of organic matter and arsenic, which forms arsenic–organic matter complexes through ligand exchange; (b) oxidation–reduction reaction of organic matter and iron-containing minerals and the formation of complexes between organic matter and iron ions; and (c) formation of ternary complexes of organic matter, arsenic and iron-containing minerals (connected by iron ion bridges) and their characterisation methods. This review has great theoretical and applied value for the discovery of the mechanism of arsenic pollution and the development of arsenic pollution control measures.

Influence of Sulfate Reduction on Arsenic Migration and Transformation in Groundwater Environment

The sulfate-reducing bacteria-mediated reduction process is considered to be an important mechanism affecting arsenic migration and transformation in anaerobic environments. To investigate the effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a high-arsenic aquifer on arsenic migration and transformation, the typical sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris was selected for micro-cosmic experiments to simulate a groundwater environment with or without sulfate amendment. The reduction of Fe(III) and As(V) by Desulfovibrio vulgaris was identified, and Fe(III) and As(V) were reduced in both sulfate-free and sulfate-containing systems. However, the addition of 1 mM sulfate significantly enhanced Fe(III) and As(V) reduction. Compared with no sulfate addition, 1 mM sulfate increased the reduction rates of Fe(III) and As(V) by 111.9% and 402.2%, respectively. The sulfate process mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris also remarkably promoted arsenic release in sediments. These results indicated that sulfate concentration should be considered when sulfate reduction is used as a remediation method for arsenic pollution in groundwater.

REMOVAL OF As(III) FROM WATER USING A NOVEL ORANGE PEEL BIOPOLYMER BASED MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES

Arsenic pollution in groundwater is of high concern due to its impact to environment and human health. Numerous methods have been used to treat arsenic pollution. In this work, a practical application of biopolymer-based magnetic nanocomposites as a novel adsorbent for the arsenic pollutant was demonstrated. Magnetic nanocomposites were produced by incorporating cobalt superparamagnetic (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles into the biopolymer matrix which was extracted from orange peel. In which, the superparamagnetic nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation approach and the nanocomposites formation was carried out with the support of magnetic agitation. Various characterizations including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were carried out to investigate the property of the obtained biopolymer magnetic nanocomposites. The materials was used as adsorbent, then applied to remove arsenic trioxide in the solution. The result indicated that 99.2% of arsenic trioxide (1.0 g/L feed concentration, 1.0 g/L dose of the material) could be removed by the adsorbent. In addition, the nanocomposites after treatment could be facilely separated from the aqueous mixture by simple magnetic decantation due to its superparamagnetism, making it easy to completely isolate them from water and exhibiting good reusability.

Nitrate-mediated biomigration and transformation of As/Fe in arsenic-bearing ferrihydrite

Reducing bacteria play a key role in the transformation and release of As/Fe in groundwater system. To investigate the influence of nitrate input on biological migration and transformation of As/Fe, anaerobic simulation experiments were used to study Fe(III) and As(V) reduction in liquid phase and arsenic-bearing ferrihydrite by metal-reducing bacteria D2201 with nitrate participation. The results indicated that nitrate input inhibited the biological reduction of Fe(III). The reduction rate of Fe(III) decreased by 68.3% and 90.2% when nitrate concentration increased from 0 to 1 and 3 mM, respectively. However, nitrate promoted the biological reduction of As(V) by enhancing bacterial growth. Compared with the experimental group without nitrate, the bacterial biomass of the experimental groups with 1 and 3 mM nitrate increased by 243% and 296%, respectively, and As(V) reduction rate increased by 102.1% and 276.9%, respectively. In addition, nitrate reduced arsenic release by inhibiting Fe(III) reduction on arsenic-bearing ferrihydrite. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that Bacillus D2201 dissolved the ferrihydrite, and nitrate input restrained this process. Therefore, the existence of nitrate significantly inhibited arsenic pollution in groundwater, which indicated that nitrate concentration should be considered when studying the fate and migration of arsenic.

3D printing of TiO2 nano particles containing macrostructures for As(III) removal in water

Nanomaterials play a crucial role in various areas due to their extraordinary chemical and physical properties. Loading microscopic nanomaterials onto macrostructures is inevitable for their implementation from laboratory experiments to practical applications. Nevertheless, the geometries of conventional supporting structures are usually limited and nanomaterials are easy to be inhomogeneously distributed, aggregated, and lost. Therefore, controllably configuring nanomaterials into sophisticated three-dimensional macroscopic structures without sacrificing their inherent properties remains challenging. Here we utilize the advantages of 3D printing technology to realize this purpose. As a proof-of-concept, the application of 3D stereolithography printed macrostructures containing TiO2 nano particles (TiO2 NPs) for direct adsorption removal of As(III) in water was demonstrated. The morphology and distribution of TiO2 NPs mounted on printed macrostructures were initially characterized. Then batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the 3D printing process, TiO2 NPs doped concentration and TiO2 NP size as well as adsorption kinetics and isotherms. We also demonstrated that 3D printed adsorption structures could be easily reused over 10 times and were effective for raw arsenic-polluted groundwater samples. Our findings show that 3D printing provides a promising route to design and fabricate customized macrostructures endowed with specific properties of nanomaterials.

Knowledge and Applicational Arsenic Poisoning among Dental Students: A Survey

Arsenic pollution of groundwater has far-reaching implications, including consumption through the food chain, which manifests as social problems, health dangers, and socioeconomic breakdown, as well as sprawling with mobility and groundwater mining. Food crops grown with arsenic-affected water are marketed to other locations, including uncontaminated areas where residents may be exposed to arsenic via the contaminated food. This could result in the emergence of a new threat.

Specifically designed magnetic biochar from waste wood for arsenic removal

Arsenic is a carcinogenic substance, with many cases of poisoning related to arsenic pollution in groundwater. In Taiwan arsenic in groundwater caused the notorious Blackfoot disease. Methods for arsenic removal from water include precipitation, membrane processes, ion exchange, and adsorption, but these processing technologies suffer from high investment costs and complex operations. The traditional adsorption method cannot be used for arsenic removal due to its high operating costs, difficulties in recovery, and low adsorption capacity. To address these issues, this study designed an adsorption material based on biochar for arsenic removal with higher adsorption properties and easy recovery. Biochar sources are readily available from waste wood as a cheap and environmentally friendly material. The efficiency of As (III) removal is also promoted by FeCl3 and KMnO4. The objectives of this research are to obtain optimum operation conditions by assessing the effects of different iron and manganese contents, different doses, different pH and different initial concentration. The adsorption mechanism between As (III) and biochar was studied by adsorption isotherms and the kinetic model. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analyzer analysis results show that modified biochar has major elements of Fe and Mn. There is greater magnetism, 40 emu g− 1, in the modified biochar. The maximum adsorption efficiency of 81% and 0.72 mg g− 1 capacity occurs when the ratio of Mn, Fe and C is 4:1:1. The adsorption capacity is high under higher pH with pristine biochar and 1FeC under lower pH with 1Fe2MnC. The reaction mechanism is divided into four pathways. The first pathway is the attachment of As (III) ions into the pore of biochar via physical adsorption. In the second pathway, biochar can connect with As (III) through hydrogen bonding from the function group -OH in the biochar and the As (III) itself. In the third pathway, they can contact each other by electron force when the biochar surface is filled with a positive charge. In the fourth pathway, the compounds of manganese have strong oxidizability to oxidize As (III) to As(V). The iron ions then act as a bridge connecting the biochar and the As (III), resulting in the formation of new complex compounds.

Late Quaternary aggradation of the Datong Basin in northern China revealed by OSL dating of core sediments and implications for groundwater arsenic pollution

The Datong Basin in northern China is notorious for its geogenic arsenic (As)-polluted groundwater hosted by late Quaternary strata. Deciphering the mechanism of arsenic pollution requires an understanding of stratigraphic architecture and depositional processes, which, however, are hindered by weak chronological data. Here we utilized the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating technique to obtain 15 sediment ages from the upper 20 m of core SY1 from the central basin. The dating results revealed a sedimentary hiatus covering the period of about 19–3.6 ka, which may arise from river downcutting induced by strengthened East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and ameliorating vegetation. Ages of sediments below the hiatus demonstrated a high sedimentation rate of ~0.55 m/ka at ~39–19 ka, which might result from weakened EASM and suppressed vegetation. Above the hiatus, sedimentation resumed after 3.6 ka possibly as a result of declined strength of EASM and increasing human activities like deforestation. Overall, climate change is the most likely driving force of aggradational history recorded in core SY1 since at least 74 ka. The dating results indicate that high-As groundwater may be released from sediments accumulated within incised valleys that were sculpted at about 19–3.6 ka, or from paleolake (Nihewan)-related sediments deposited before the last glacial period.

Grey water footprint assessment of groundwater resources in southeastern Turkey: effect of recharge

AbstractThis paper aimed to determine the grey water footprint (GWF) of groundwater resources. The effect of groundwater recharge on grey water footprint was investigated in Southeastern Turkey. In this paper, GWF has been monitored in October and March in terms of nitrate and arsenic concentrations for ten observation wells in the Harran Plain. In this study, a new approach was developed based on the GWF to determine the nitrate and arsenic pollution of groundwater. GWF of coagulation-flocculation and biochar adsorption processes were calculated and benchmarked with each other. In the second stage of the study, the effect of groundwater recharge using reclaimed municipal wastewater on GWF was investigated applying Monte Carlo simulation. The results revealed that nitrate led to higher GWF. According to the results, biochar application could reduce the GWF. Total reduction of GWF would be approximately 64.3% if groundwater recharge using reclaimed wastewater is applied.

Structure-tunable trivalent Fe-Al-based bimetallic organic frameworks for arsenic removal from contaminated water

Arsenic pollution of groundwater and surface water has come to the attention of the public. To explore economically affordable and efficient adsorbents for the treatment of arsenic, bimetallic MOFs based on trivalent iron and aluminum were synthesized and used to capture arsenic from wastewater. Characterization methods including SEM, EDX, XRD, and N2 adsorption–desorption were applied to analyze the morphology and element content, crystal structure, porosity and specific surface area of the Fe/Al-BDC-NH2 materials. The microstructures of bimetallic MOFs were tuned through changing the ratio of Al and Fe in the precursor material. Adsorption results show that introducing aluminum into the iron-based material formed bimetallic Fe/Al-BDC-NH2 MOFs that had much better adsorption performance for arsenic than the monometallic Fe-BDC-NH2 or Al-BDC-NH2 MOF. The adsorption isotherm of bimetallic MOF materials for arsenic is in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capability of Fe/Al-BDC-NH2 (1:1) at 298 K was 146.8 mg g−1. The kinetics of arsenic adsorption follow the pseudo-second-order model. Also, the thermodynamics indicate that arsenic adsorption is endothermic. Fe/Al-BDC-NH2 (1:1) is suitable for removal of arsenic from wastewater in a relatively wide pH range (5.0–9.0). Within this pH range, Fe and Al are hardly dissolved in water after arsenic capture, and this indicates that Fe/Al-BDC-NH2 (1:1) is very stable and suitable for arsenic capture from water without generating secondary pollution. Furthermore, through FTIR and XPS analysis, ligand exchange was identified as the main adsorption mechanism of Fe/Al-BDC-NH2 (1:1) for arsenic.