Arsenic In Groundwater Research Articles

Association of chronic arsenic exposure with cellular immune profile in MINIMat adolescents: A birth cohort in Bangladesh

Chronic arsenic exposure is known to affect the immune system. We aimed to evaluate the association between arsenic exposure and immune cell profile in 15 years old adolescents (n=389) in rural Bangladesh, with chronic exposure to groundwater arsenic. Single blood and urine were collected. Urinary arsenic (U-As) concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Non-linear association was found between U-As (median, 24.9 µg/L) and immune cells with a cut-off at U-As 20 µg/L. U-As (<20 µg/L) were significantly associated with increases in CD8+T (21 %), naïve CD8+T (42 %) and early B cells (40 %), and classical monocytes (55 %), but reduction in CD3+T cells (37%) and intermediate-monocytes (56 %). U-As (>20 µg/L) were associated with a 3 % reduction in memory B cells. Arsenic exposure was associated with altered immune cell profile in adolescents likely rendering them vulnerable to adverse health effects in later life.

Isolation and Characterization of Arsenic-Tolerable Bacteria from Groundwater and Their Implementation on Rice Seedling's Shoot and Root Enhancement.

Arsenic exerts detrimental impacts on primary metabolism in plants, leading to reduced crop yield. Some arsenic-resistant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) help plants by providing some plant hormones to sustain their growth and development under arsenic stress. Here, seven different species of Bacillus were isolated from arsenic-contaminated groundwater of West Bengal, India. Those species were capable of growing in the presence of > 3.12g/L arsenate (AsV) and > 0.65g/L arsenite (AsIII) salts and also resist different heavy metals like Cu2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, etc. They were susceptible to multiple groups of antibiotics like beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, etc. All species were capable of detoxifying arsenite and influenced rice seedlings' growth in the presence of arsenic salts by their capabilities likenitrogen-fixing ability, phosphate solubilization, indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), proline production, etc. Most species helped enhance root and shoot lengths under arsenic stress. These primary findings suggest that those Bacillus spp. could be used as potential bio-fertilizers in arsenic-contaminated agricultural fields.

Integrating a high-energy activation method for the sustainable treatment of iron smelting slag, phosphogypsum, and arsenic-contaminated water

Metallurgy is one of the pillar industries in China, but metallurgy inevitably produces a large amount of industrial solid waste and heavy metal pollution. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the production of wet-process phosphoric acid, and after the preliminary fieldwork, there is a very small amount of arsenic [As(V)] in some of the phosphorus ores, and there is a risk of heavy metal pollution. In the present study, the preparation of arsenic adsorbent (PG/IS) by doping iron smelting slag (IS) with PG as a base material was proposed and the preparation conditions were optimized by Response Surface Methodology. PG/IS was systematically characterized and its adsorption properties were investigated with respect to a variety of factors. PG/IS exhibits spontaneous endothermic chemical adsorption characteristics for As(V)，its adsorption process is more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Coordination complexation and chemical precipitation are the primary mechanisms by which PG/IS removes As(V). This study provides a new approach for phosphorus chemical enterprises to achieve green development and reduce industrial solid waste and As(V) emissions.

Health and ecological risk assessment for arsenic contaminated groundwater in Shahpur and Koilwar Blocks, Bhojpur district, Bihar

ABSTRACT Arsenic-contaminated groundwater is a threat to the human population, leading to the occurrence of different cancers and skin problems. A health risk assessment study was conducted using arsenic data from groundwater sampled at Shahpur and Koilwar blocks in Bhojpur district, Bihar. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) analysis of 49 tube well samples (24 from Shahpur; 25 from Koilwar) showed that 22.45% of them had arsenic concentrations above the permissible limit (10 µg/l as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)) during the pre-monsoon with a maximum of 153 µg/l at Shahpur and 49 µg/l at Koilwar. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines were applied to calculate the cancer and non-cancer risks. The Hazard quotient (HQ) and Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) indicated an adverse risk (HQ > 1 and ILCR > 10−6), with Shahpur having three times higher amounts of more toxic arsenic(III). The Water Quality Index (WQI) obtained from chemical analysis indicated Shahpur having fewer poor water quality sites, with its percent ratio to Koilwar being 8:10. Ecological risk indices (Ei and RI) and Nemerow pollution index (NPI) implied moderate to extremely high risks (RI > 600 and 2.5 <NPI≤11). This study’s output necessitates future groundwater monitoring in the arsenic hotspots.

Electrocatalytic arsenic removal: Unveiling selective capturing and conversion with a redox-active silica-lignosulfonate hybrid framework

Addressing the global challenge of arsenic groundwater pollution to ensure a safe water supply is crucial. Thus, we developed a versatile ferrocene (Fc) incorporated silica-lignosulphonate nano framework (Fc–Si–LS). This framework was precisely designed to target and transform the toxic arsenite (As+3) into a controllable form of arsenic (As+5). Results revealed that the unique Fc–Si–LS framework had significantly targeted As+3 and showed an impressive selective conversion (84 %) performance even at high concentrations (1 mM). Additionally, in real water application (As = 150 μg/L), the As+3 conversion rate remained effective (∼81.6 %). Remarkably, the synergy between Fc and Si–LS resulted in an exceptional adsorption capacity (106 mg/g) at 1.2 V, attaining a low energy consumption of only 0.072 kWh/m3. DFT simulations established a phenomenon that simultaneous selective capturing and conversion of arsenic requires a redox moiety integration on the catalyst surface to accept electrons from the selectively trapped As+3 to the electrode. Hence, this study highlighted the potential of precisely persuading Si–LS based redox-active nano frameworks in evolving energy effective solutions for arsenic removal from drinking water, thereby offering significant implications for sustainable water treatment technologies.

Mobilization mechanisms and spatial distribution of arsenic in groundwater of western Bangladesh: Evaluating water quality and health risk using EWQI and Monte Carlo simulation

Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is emerging as a significant global concern, posing serious risks to the safety of drinking water and public health. To understand the release mechanisms, mobilization processes, spatial distribution, and probabilistic health risks of As in western Bangladesh, forty-seven samples were collected and analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The As concentrations in groundwater ranged from 1.97 to 697.4 μg L⁻1 (mean: 229.9), significantly exceeding recommended levels. The dominant hydrochemistry of As-enriched groundwater was Ca–Mg–HCO₃, with the primary sources of arsenic in groundwater being the dissolution of arsenic-bearing minerals in sediment and the recharge of aquifers from the Ganges River Basin. The assessment using the Entropy Water Quality Index revealed that the groundwater is unsuitable for drinking, with 89.36% (n = 42) of the samples surpassing the WHO's limit for arsenic. Rock-water interactions, including calcite dissolution and silicate weathering within the confined aquifer, predominantly influenced hydrochemical properties. The significant relationships among Fe, Mn, and As indicate that the reductive dissolution of FeOOH and/or MnOOH considerably contributes to the release of As from sediment into groundwater. Geochemical modeling analysis revealed that siderite and rhodochrosite precipitate into aquifer solids, suggesting a weak to moderate relationship among As, Fe, and Mn. The long residence time of groundwater, combined with the presence of a clayey aquitard, likely controls the mobilization of arsenic in the aquifer. For the first time, Monte Carlo simulations have been used in arsenic-prone areas to assess the severity of arsenic contamination in western Bangladesh. The analysis indicates that out of 100,000 people, 10 may develop cancer as a result of drinking arsenic-contaminated water, with children being more susceptible than adults.

Plant growth-promoting Bacillus cereus MCC3402 facilitates rice seedling growth under arsenic-spiked soil

Microorganisms can solve the global problem of arsenic (As) contamination in soil and water, by eliminating the hazardous metalloid from contaminated habitats. A native As-resistant PMM6 strain was isolated from the tainted agricultural field in Durgapur, India. Following phenotypic investigations, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, and 16S rDNA sequence-based homology, it was identified as Bacillus cereus. Various analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies revealed a positive correlation between the strain's resistance properties against arsenate (75 mM) and arsenite (25 mM) and the biosorption and bioaccumulation of arsenic. The strain exhibited several important plant growth-promoting traits, including indole-3-acetic acid production (110.0±0.33μg/mL), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity (2334.2±1.90 nm α-ketobutyrate/mg protein/h), phosphate solubilization, and siderophore production (68.0±2%). These traits facilitated the growth augmentation of rice seedlings under As stress, both in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters. Compared to uninoculated soil, the use of strain PMM6 helped to reduce As mobilization and oxidative stress in rice seedlings growing in As-spiked soil. Therefore, strain PMM6 holds the potential as bioremediator to restore As-contaminated agricultural lands while also promoting the growth of rice seedlings. It could thus be utilized in the bioremediation of As-contaminated agricultural lands in the near future.

Geochemical Constraints on Arsenic and Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater of Ganges Delta, Nadia District, West Bengal

ABSTRACT Geochemical studies of groundwater from 302 tubewells and aquifer sediments of the Ganges delta plain of Quaternary age are conducted. The geochemical behaviour of Fe, Mn, SO42-, arsenic (As), REEs, and Eu parameters in groundwater indicates two contrasting environments: (i) a more oxic condition in the fluvial environment of the Jalangi River in the northern part, and (ii) a less oxidizing/reducing environment in the palaeo-lacustrine environment towards south of the study area. Arsenic concentration in groundwater is more in palaeo-lacustrine environment due to (i) reductive desorption from Fe-oxyhydroxide in the high pH reducing environment and (ii) mobilization by ion exchange with the help of fertilizer used in agricultural activities. Both these phenomena are attributed to the strong spatial correlation of arsenic (As) with pH, PO4, and SO4. However, the dissimilar nature of REE pattern in groundwater and aquifer sediment indicates that REE geochemistry of groundwater is being modified by the “reductive dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxides” in sediment which releases REE into the groundwater. We conclude that desorption and “reductive dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxide” controls release of As and REE into the groundwater in both oxic and reducing aquifer conditions in the Ganges delta.

Treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater with a novel iron oxide/carbon composite as the adsorbent

Treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater with a novel iron oxide/carbon composite as the adsorbent

Synergistic ultra-high adsorption and oxidation of arsenic in groundwater by iron-modified biochar: Mechanisms and potential application

This study explores the potential of low-cost biochar modified with ferrihydrite and goethite for the remediation of heavily As-polluted groundwater. Combining batch experiments and synchrotron radiation-based characterization, we investigated the mechanisms of As(III) adsorption and oxidation. The modified biochars exhibited significant adsorption capacities, achieving fitted qmax of 45.7 ± 3.9 mg/g for ferrihydrite-modified biochar (FhGM) and 20.2 ± 1.5 mg/g for goethite-modified biochar (GtGM) at a dosage of 1.0 g/L and an initial concentration of 10 mg/L As(III) over 24 h. Biochar facilitated approximately 30 % As(V) generation from As(III) due to enhanced electron transfer. Moreover, over 90 % of As(III) was oxidized to As(V) following the addition of H2O2, with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy revealing the distribution of As(III), and As(V) on the solid phase. In the GtGM-H2O2 system, reactive oxidation species, primarily O2•–, served as the main oxidant. In the FhGM-H2O2 system, Fe(IV) likely acted as the primary oxidizing agent. Column experiments with 0.64 g of FhGM demonstrated that, when treating 50 mg/L As-contaminated groundwater, the effluent total As concentration remained below the maximum allowable limit of 10 μg/L after 21 h. Furthermore, in the presence of H2O2, the system managed to treat 200 mg/L As-contaminated groundwater, and the effluent total As concentration exceeded 10 μg/L after 11 h. This study provides valuable insights and practical results for the remediation of high-concentration arsenic-contaminated groundwater, highlighting the effectiveness of iron-modified biochar in this application.

Draft genome sequence of Achromobacter aegrifaciens BAW48 isolated from arsenic-contaminated tubewell water in Bangladesh.

We report the draft genome of Achromobacter aegrifaciens strain BAW48, a bacterium with a genome size of 6,877,653 bp. This genome comprises gene clusters for arsenic conversion, such as arsenic resistance (arsHCsO), arsenite oxidation (aioBA), and arsenate reduction (arsRCDAB), along with genes for heavy metal and antibiotic resistance.

Characteristics and Mechanism of Hematite Dissolution and Release on Arsenic Migration in Heterogeneous Materials

The migration of arsenic in groundwater is influenced by the heterogeneity of the medium, and the presence of iron minerals adds complexity and uncertainty to this effect. In this study, a stratified heterogeneous sand column with an embedded hematite lens at the coarse-to-medium sand interface was designed. We introduced an arsenic-laden solution and controlled groundwater flow to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of arsenic migration and the impact of hematite dissolution. The results showed that the medium structure significantly influenced the arsenic migration and distribution within the lens-containing sand column. The clay layers directed the lateral migration of arsenic, and the arsenic concentrations in deeper layers were up to seven times greater than those on the surface. The extraction experiments of solid-phase arsenic revealed that the main adsorption modes on quartz sand surfaces were the specific adsorption (F2) and adsorption on weakly crystalline iron–aluminum oxides (F3), correlating to the specific and colloidal adsorption modes, respectively. Monitoring the total iron ions (Fe(aq)) revealed rapid increases within the first 14 days, reaching a maximum on day 15, and then gradually declining; these results indicate that hematite did not continuously dissolve. This study can aid in the prevention and control of arsenic contamination in groundwater.

Extent of As(III) versus As(V) adsorption on iron (oxyhydr) oxides depends on the presence of vacancy cluster-like micropore sites: Insights into a seesaw effect

Iron (oxyhydr)oxides are ubiquitous in terrestrial environments and play a crucial role in controling the fate of arsenic in sediments and groundwater. Although there is evidence that different iron (oxyhydr)oxides have different affinities towards As(III) and As(V), it is still unclear why As(V) adsorption on some iron (oxyhydr)oxides is larger than As(III) adsorption, while it is opposite for other ones. In this study, six typical iron (oxyhydr)oxides are selected to evaluate their adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V). The characteristics of these iron minerals such as morphology, arsenic adsorption species, and pore size distribution are carefully examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We confirm a seesaw effect occurred in different iron minerals for As(III) and As(V) immobilization, i.e., at pH 6.0, adsorption of As(V) on hematite (0.73 μmol m−2) and magnetite (0.33 μmol m−2) is higher than for As(III) (0.61 μmol m−2 and 0.27 μmol m−2, respectively), for goethite and lepidocrocite it is almost equal, while As(III) sorption on ferrihydrite (5.77 μmol m−2) and schwertmannite (28.41 μmol m−2) showed higher sorption than As(V) (1.53 μmol m−2 and 12.99 μmol m−2, respectively). PAL analysis demonstrates that ferrihydrite and schwertmannite have a large concentration of vacancy cluster-like micropores, significantly more than goethite and lepidocrocite, followed by hematite and magnetite. The difference of adsorption of As(III) and As(V) to different iron (oxyhydr)oxides is due to differences in the abundance of vacancy cluster-like micropore sites, which are conducive for smaller size As(III) immobilization but not for larger size of As(V). The findings of this study provide novel insights into a seesaw effect for As(III) and As(V) immobilization on naturally occurring iron mineral.

Impact of arsenic on male and female reproductive function: a review of the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies.

Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid and heavy metal that contributes to the global decline in human fertility. Humans are constantly exposed to arsenic through biotic and abiotic sources, especially ingestion of arsenic-contaminated food and water. Its exposure is associated with several adverse health challenges, including reproductive toxicity. In spite of its reported adverse effects, arsenic exposure remains a global challenge. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the impact and mechanism of arsenic on male and female reproductive function. Additionally, a review of the potential therapeutic strategies is presented. Evidence from the literature reveals that arsenic upregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which mediates arsenic-induced suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and inactivation of 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD activities, leading to reduced gonadal steroidogenesis. Through several oxidative stress-dependent signaling, arsenic induces the apoptosis of the germ cells, thus contributing to the development of infertility. At the moment, there is no specific treatment for arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity. However, increasing data form the scientific literature reveals the benefits of antioxidants in ameliorating arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity. These molecules suppress ROS generation and maintain optimal activities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to optimal steroidogenesis and gametogenesis as well as improved germ cells. Overall, this study revealed the impact and associated mechanism of arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity. It also provides evidence from the literature demonstrating potential therapeutic measures in managing arsenic-induced reproductive toxicity.

Assessing Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater: A Comprehensive Review of NCR Districts in Haryana.

Assessing Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater: A Comprehensive Review of NCR Districts in Haryana.

NATURAL EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC-INDUCED GENOTOXIC EFFECTS IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS

Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a global health issue linked to various adverse health outcomes, including genotoxic effects. Understanding these effects in different populations, including diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, is critical for developing targeted public health interventions. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the genotoxic effects of arsenic exposure in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals residing in arsenic-contaminated and control areas. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2024, 100 participants were recruited from areas with known differences in arsenic water contamination levels. Participants were divided equally between arsenic-contaminated and non-contaminated regions, with 15 diabetic and 20 non-diabetic individuals selected from each group. A standard questionnaire was administered to collect demographic data and medical history. Additionally, 12 water samples from the contaminated area were analyzed for arsenic concentration. Genotoxic effects were assessed using the comet assay, and DNA damage was quantified using an empirical numerical rating system. Results: Significant DNA damage was observed in the blood cells of individuals from the arsenic-contaminated area compared to those from the non-contaminated area. Diabetic individuals showed similar patterns of DNA damage to non-diabetics within the same exposure group. Even in the non-contaminated group, slight DNA damage was detected, suggesting potential contributions from other environmental factors. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that arsenic exposure is associated with significant genotoxic effects in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. DNA damage in non-contaminated areas also indicates a possible impact of other environmental factors. These results highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and mitigation strategies to address arsenic contamination and its health impacts.

Optimizing arsenic removal from groundwater using continuous flow electrocoagulation with iron and aluminum electrodes: An experimental and modeling approach

Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a global issue. This study examines arsenic removal using continuous flow electrocoagulation with iron and aluminum electrodes. Various parameters, such as electrode material, number, and applied voltage, were tested. Arsenic removal efficiencies ranged from 52 % to 89 % with aluminum electrodes and 46 % to 96 % with iron electrodes, depending on conditions. Surface pretreatment of electrodes significantly enhanced performance. Iron electrodes provided a faster and more cost-effective solution compared to aluminum. Statistical methods, including Pearson's correlation and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) modeling, were used to optimize operational parameters like current density, coagulant dose, pH, and conductivity. The GBM model achieved high predictive accuracy (R2 > 0.97), capturing complex relationships. Experiment duration was the most critical factor, contributing 70.2 % to arsenic removal efficiency, with a strong correlation (r = 0.75). Coagulant dose was also crucial, followed by current density and voltage. Cost analysis combined with GBM modeling optimized cost-efficiency for achieving arsenic levels below 10 μg/L. This research offers valuable insights for optimizing electrocoagulation processes, demonstrating the potential of machine learning in enhancing water treatment technologies.

The Isolation and Identification of Novel Arsenic-Resistant Bacteria from an Arsenic-Contaminated Region—A Study to Understand the Efficiency of Bacteria for Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Media

Drinking water sources with groundwater arsenic (As) contamination face multifaceted challenges in the removal and supply of fresh drinking water resources. To eradicate this problem, bioremediation has evolved to become more effective than other chemical and physical removal processes in its cost-effectiveness, high removal efficiency, and lesser production of secondary by-products or waste. Thus, this study aimed to treat As from aqueous media and to detoxify highly toxic forms of As by the isolated bacteria from As-affected areas. We isolated two new Gram-positive bacteria, which are reported here (Bacillus sp. and Bacillus cereus), with As5+ minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4500 mg/L for the Bacillus sp. and 1000 mg/L for Bacillus cereus; meanwhile, for As3+, the MICs are 600 mg/L for both isolates. Bacillus sp. and Bacillus cereus can also effectively convert the highly toxic and easily mobile As3+ to As5+ in aqueous media. This study also demonstrates that these bacteria can remove a significant proportion of As3+ and As5+ (averaging 50% for both) from aqueous media. These As-resistant bacteria from the As-affected area can be used and upscaled for the treatment of As for a safer drinking water supply.

Simultaneous Removal of As(iii) and As(v) from Aqueous Solution by Using Iron-Functionalized Polythiophene: A Novel Approach toward Water Treatment.

Arsenic contamination in groundwater poses a significant threat to human health, affecting millions worldwide. This study presents a novel approach for simultaneous remediation of both As(III) and As(V) by using iron-functionalized polythiophene (PTh@Fe) composites. The PTh@Fe composite was synthesized by a reduction process involving FeCl2/FeCl3 byproducts of polymerization, resulting in a highly efficient adsorbent for both As(III) and As(V) species. The investigation systematically examined key parameters influencing arsenic removal, including adsorbent dosage, pH, initial arsenic concentration, and contact time. The composite exhibited exceptional adsorption capacities, with maximum removal percentages of 98.7% for As(III) and 98.8% for As(V) under the optimized conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses suggested endothermic and spontaneous adsorption processes following a pseudo 2nd-order mechanism. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model provided an excellent fit to the experimental data, with maximum adsorption capacities of 8.62 mg/g for As(V) and 7.57 mg/g for As(III). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the feasibility of arsenic adsorption onto iron species in various oxidation states, offering valuable theoretical insights into the process. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated good reusability over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles and tolerance to coexisting anions, highlighting its practical applicability for water purification. This research demonstrates the potential of iron-functionalized polythiophene composites as a promising solution for addressing arsenic contamination in water sources, bridging the gap between innovative materials and theoretical understanding in environmental science and water treatment technologies.

Polysulfone membranes decorated with Fe–Mn binary oxide nanoparticles and polydopamine for enhanced arsenate/arsenite adsorptive removal

Arsenic contamination of water is a global environmental concern, and membrane technology combined with nanotechnology contributes to more efficient removal of arsenic. In this study, Fe–Mn oxide (FM), Polydopamine (PDA), and PDA-modified FM (PFM) were incorporated into polysulfone (PSF) to prepare adsorption membranes (PFMP) for arsenic removal. The prepared nanoparticles and membranes were characterized using TEM, SEM, FTIR, TGA, contact angle, and pure water flux. The introduction of particles enhanced the hydrophilicity of the membranes and significantly enhanced the pure water flux of the membranes. Adsorption experiments indicated that the PFMP membrane exhibited the best arsenic removal performance, with maximum adsorption capacities for As(III) and As(V) were 11.57 mg/g and 12.39 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir model fitted the adsorption isotherms well, and the kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. The filtration experiment revealed that the PFMP membrane was capable of reducing As(III) solution (915 L/m2) and As(V) solution (1075 L/m2) from a concentration of 100 μg/L to the safe limit of As (＜10 μg/L). The As-loaded membrane was regenerated using NaOH solution (pH = 11), and the filtration experiment was repeated. FTIR and XPS demonstrated that the mechanism of the reaction between the membrane and arsenic was ligand exchange, where the arsenic ions were bonded to the oxygen ions to form Mn–O–As and Fe–O–As.