Accumulation Of Arsenic In Tissues Research Articles

The Bioaccumulation and Tissue Distribution of Arsenic Species in Tilapia.

Arsenic is a public concern due to its widespread occurrence and carcinogenicity. Consumption of arsenic-contaminated fish is an important exposure pathway for human health. This study focused on understanding how exposure to arsenic-contaminated fish is informative to human health risk assessment. While the bioaccumulation and tissue distributions of total arsenic concentration in fish are commonly reported, there are limited studies related to the time-course of arsenic species in various tissues. Using the Tilapia as a case, this study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation and tissue distributions (liver, gastrointestinal (GI), muscle, and gill) of arsenic species in freshwater fish via diet-borne inorganic arsenic exposure. In particular, the Tilapia were exposed to arsenic (III) and As(V) for 32 days. The accumulation of arsenic in all tissues linearly increased with time in the first 10 days’ exposure, while the arsenic levels remained stable in the following 20 days’ exposure. The accumulation of arsenic in tissue followed the sequence of intestine > liver > gill > muscle. Meanwhile, more than 90% of arsenic was converted into organic form in liver, gill, and muscle, while organic arsenic contributed about 30–80% to the total arsenic in the GI. The percentage of organic form in muscle is the highest, followed by gill, liver, and intestine, and arsenobetaine is the main form of organic arsenic. While the exposure profiles of As(III) and As(V) are quite similar, the absorption rate of As(V) is relatively higher than that of As(III). Information provided here can be instrumental for exposure assessment and risk management for arsenic in aquatic environment.

Relationship between arsenic accumulation in tissues and hematological parameters in mullet caught in Faro Lake: a preliminary study.

The authors investigated the arsenic (As) accumulation in different tissues (muscle, gill, liver, stomach, and intestine) and the possible correlation between tissue concentration and hematological parameters in mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) caught in Faro Lake (Messina, Sicily, Italy). On all fish, hematological analyses of blood samples, measurement of biometric indices, and the removal of the muscles, gills, liver, stomach, and intestine for the determination of arsenic concentration were performed. A hemogram was performed to find effects of arsenic concentration in tissues on hematological variables. One-way analysis of variance showed significant differences of arsenic concentration in different tissues, with higher values in the gill. The correlation between hematological parameters and tissue arsenic concentration showed a statistical significance for red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) with the liver As concentration. Biometric indices (weight, length, and fork length) showed a significant correlation with As concentration of the muscle and liver also. Our results indicate the role of some hematological parameters as biomarkers useful to monitoring anthropogenic load of arsenic in water and sediment, because variations of these parameters represent one of the effects that arsenic exposure can have on fish.

Ameliorative effects of Bauhinia acuminata L stem bark powder against chronic arsenicosis in rats

Arsenic poisoning is one of the major causes of chronic human illness and mortality in Bengal Delta plain with limited treatment option. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorating effect of Bauhinia acuminata L (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) stem-bark powder against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) induced toxicity. Forty eight adult albino rats were divided into four groups viz., D0, D1, D2 and D3. Sodium arsenite was administered @4 mg/kg daily in drinking water in groups D1, D2 and D3 for 90 days; control group (D0) received water for 120 days. The D1 group of animals received water, instead of arsenic during 91-120 days, while rats of group D2 and D3 were orally treated with stem bark powder @350 mg/kg (1/10 th dose of LD50) and 175 mg/kg (1/20 th dose of LD50) respectively daily during the period. Analysis of arsenic concentrations in tissue samples, hair and faeces showed that treatment with B. acuminata stem bark powder significantly (p<0.05) reduced arsenic accumulation in tissues, hair and in faeces. A significantly (p<0.05) higher organo-arsenic fraction and lower arsenite and arsenate fractions was also observed in B. acuminata stem bark powder treated group (D2 and D3). The study showed that oral treatment with B. acuminata stem bark powder could ameliorate induced arsenicosis.

Ameliorative potential of Tephrosia purpurea extract against arsenic induced toxicity in wistar rats

Aim: The present investigation has been conducted to evaluate the protective activity of Tephrosia purpurea extract (TPE) against arsenic induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: For this study, twenty four wistar albino rats were taken. Control group, group – I rats were given sodium arsenite @ 10 mg/kg and group – II rats were treated with TPE @ 500 mg/kg along with sodium arsenite @ 10 mg/kg (daily oral for 28 days). On 29th day animals were slaughtered and various parameters were determined. Serum biomarkers, haematological parameter analysis and histomorphological examination are carried out with estimation of arsenic concentration in tissues. Results: Oral administration of sodium arsenite @ 10 mg/kg for 28 days resulted in a significant decrease in Hb%, TEC and TLC, significant increase of serum glucose, cholesterol, calcium and significant increase in arsenic accumulation in tissues. Histopathological results of intestine revealed haemorrhagic enteritis along with loss of villi. Treatment with Tephrosia purpurea @ 500 mg/kg significantly decreased the elevated glucose, LDH levels, along with significant increase haematological levels towards normal. There was reduced haemorrhagic enteritis and presence of intact villi, as compared to arsenic treated group. But there was no significant difference in serum calcium, serum cholesterol and arsenic concentration in tissues, when compared with arsenic treated group. Conclusion: The study conclude that supplementation of TPE (500 mg/kg) daily oral for 28 days has shown protection against arsenic induced toxicity by its protective effect.

Accumulation of arsenic in tissues of rice plant ( Oryza sativa L.) and its distribution in fractions of rice grain

A study was conducted to investigate the accumulation and distribution of arsenic in different fractions of rice grain ( Oryza sativa L.) collected from arsenic affected area of Bangladesh. The agricultural soil of study area has become highly contaminated with arsenic due to the excessive use of arsenic-rich underground water (0.070 ± 0.006 mg l −1, n = 6) for irrigation. Arsenic content in tissues of rice plant and in fractions of rice grain of two widely cultivated rice varieties, namely BRRI dhan28 and BRRI hybrid dhan1, were determined. Regardless of rice varieties, arsenic content was about 28- and 75-folds higher in root than that of shoot and raw rice grain, respectively. In fractions of parboiled and non-parboiled rice grain of both varieties, the order of arsenic concentrations was; rice hull > bran-polish > brown rice > raw rice > polish rice. Arsenic content was higher in non-parboiled rice grain than that of parboiled rice. Arsenic concentrations in parboiled and non-parboiled brown rice of BRRI dhan28 were 0.8 ± 0.1 and 0.5 ± 0.0 mg kg −1 dry weight, respectively while those of BRRI hybrid dhan1 were 0.8 ± 0.2 and 0.6 ± 0.2 mg kg −1 dry weight, respectively. However, parboiled and non-parboiled polish rice grain of BRRI dhan28 contained 0.4 ± 0.0 and 0.3 ± 0.1 mg kg −1 dry weight of arsenic, respectively while those of BRRI hybrid dhan1 contained 0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.5 ± 0.0 mg kg −1 dry weight, respectively. Both polish and brown rice are readily cooked for human consumption. The concentration of arsenic found in the present study is much lower than the permissible limit in rice (1.0 mg kg −1) according to WHO recommendation. Thus, rice grown in soils of Bangladesh contaminated with arsenic of 14.5 ± 0.1 mg kg −1 could be considered safe for human consumption.

Arsenic Accumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties of Bangladesh: A Glass House Study

A glass house study was conducted to investigate the accumulation of arsenic in tissues of five widely cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Bangladesh namely BRRI dhan 28, BRRI dhan 29, BRRI dhan 35, BRRI dhan 36, BRRI hybrid dhan 1. Arsenic concentrations were measured in straw, husk and brown and polish rice grain to see the differential accumulation of arsenic among the rice varieties. The results showed that the concentrations of arsenic in different parts of all rice varieties increased significantly (p BRRI dhan 35 > BRRI dhan 36 > BRRI dhan 29 > BRRI hybrid dhan 1. The order of arsenic contents in tissues of rice was: straw > husk > brown rice grain > polish rice grain.

Accumulation of arsenic in tissues of iron-deficient rats

Toxic concentration of arsenic (400 μg/kg body weight/day) was administered orally for 8 weeks to both iron-supplemented and iron-deficient rats. The results showed greater amount of arsenic in both the duodenum and liver of iron-deficient rats, compared to iron-supplemented ones. Duodenum containing high concentration of arsenic in iron-deficient rats showed significant reduction of ferrireductase (the enzyme responsible for the conversion of ferric iron to ferrous one) activity. Our results suggest that anemic rats are more prone to develop arsenic poisoning following chronic ingestion of high content of arsenic.

Multidrug-resistance mdr1a/1b double knockout mice are more sensitive than wild type mice to acute arsenic toxicity, with higher arsenic accumulation in tissues

Arsenic is an environmental toxicant. Active extrusion via the ArsAB pump is a mechanism for arsenic detoxication in bacteria. However, how arsenic is effluxed from mammalian cells is not completely known. Our recent work shows that acquired arsenic resistance is associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein and can be reversed by PSC833, an inhibitor for P-glycoprotein. This study utilized the mdr1a/1b(−/−) mice, which lack mdr1-type P-glycoproteins, to examine whether these mice are sensitive to arsenic toxicity and have higher arsenic accumulation in their tissues. The mdr1a/1b(−/−) and wild-type FVB mice were given arsenic as sodium arsenite (12–19 mg/kg, sc) and toxicity was examined 24 h later. The mdr1a/1b(−/−) mice were more sensitive than wild-type mice to arsenite-induced lethality, with LD 50 of 14.5 and 17 mg/kg, respectively. Histologically, arsenite produced more frequent and more severe lesions in the liver and kidney of the mdr1a/1b(−/−) mice than in wild-type mice. Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicative of hepatic and renal damage respectively, were increased 4 to 6-fold in the mdr1a/1b(−/−) mice as compared with 1–2-fold increases in wild-type mice. The mdr1a/1b(−/−) mice accumulated more arsenic in the liver (15.3 vs. 5.2 μg/g), kidney (7.23 vs. 3.22 μg/g), small intestine (3.98 vs. 1.57 μg/g) and brain (0.45 vs. 0.17 μg/g), as compared with wild-type mice 24 h after sodium arsenite (14 mg/kg, s.c.) administration. In summary, this study demonstrated that the mdr1a/1b(−/−) mice were more sensitive to acute arsenic toxicity and accumulated more arsenic than wild-type mice, suggesting that P-glycoproteins are involved, at least in part, in arsenic efflux in mammalians.

GROWTH RESPONSE AND As ACCUMULATION IN TISSUE IN CHICKENS FED ARSANILIC ACID

Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of arsanilic acid on chickens. Growth response for chickens fed arsanilic acid and kept in cages was very consistent in comparison with their respective control group. The level of arsenic retention in tissue was found to be similar to that found by other workers for chickens fed arsanilic acid in cages. Chickens fed arsanilic acid and kept in deep litter showed a higher accumulation of arsenic in tissue. Arsenic in the litter was found to increase with time though this increase was not linear.