Arrow Shot Research Articles

Arrow shot injury to the oro facial regions: Report of two cases

Background: Arrow injury is a case of foreign body impaction. It can affect any part of the body. Arrow injury to the head and neck region can be life-threatening. An arrow is a weapon consisting of a thin, straight stick with a sharp point, designed to be shot from a bow. It is one of the oldest tools for hunt and war. Many health practitioners especially in the developed world now regard arrows as extinct. It has been completely replaced by advanced modern weaponry. This is not the case in our environment where the use of arrows with their attendant injury is still relatively common.
 Case report: The first case is a 25-year-old farmer, a Nigerian man was seen at the Accident and emergency unit of our centre with an hour history of arrow injury to the right side of the face following the farmer-herder clash. The examination was remarkable for an impacted arrow that was made up iron (impregenation with poisonous substance could not be ascertained) on the right side of the face. He had an urgent plain radiograph of the head and neck which revealed an impacted arrow in the right zygomatic bone. He subsequently had emergency exploration and removal of the arrow. The post-operative period was uneventful.
 The second case was a 37-year-old man who presented to the accident and emergency department with difficulty breathing following an arrow shot injury to the oral cavity. He was a passenger in a bus that was attacked by armed bandits. On examination, there was an arrow penetrating through the right edge of the tongue, the floor of the mouth to the contralateral submandibular and cervical regions. About 5.0cm of the tail of the arrow could be seen jutting out of the mouth. The exploration was done via a Risdon incision (submandibular incision) on the opposite side of the entry wound (left submandibular) in a retrograde approach. The dissection was advanced into the subcutaneous tissue, platysma, and deep fascial plane to expose the tip of the arrow. The post-operative period was uneventful.
 Conclusion: We have illustrated our experience on the cases of arrow injury to the orofacial region. The two cases presented early. There was no pre-hospital attempt at pulling out the arrow. Arrow injury is still common in our community. There is a need for government at all levels to intensify effort on conflict management and resolution.

The Suitability of the Health Belief Model as an Assessment Framework for Women With Breast Ill-Health

Objectives: Globally, breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women. Empirical literature indicate that it is the second cause of cancer-related mortality in high-resource regions, while it is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women in poor-resource regions. This study presents the suitability of the health belief model (HBM) as a framework for carrying out a comprehensive assessment of women with late-stage breast cancer in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study employed interpretive description as its methodological approach, while the HBM was the conceptual framework. Two institutional review boards granted approval to conduct the study. Thirty women with advanced breast cancer were recruited for the study using purposeful sampling techniques. Components of the original HBM were identified to carry out the investigation. Data analysis was inductive. Results: Findings indicated that the participants viewed breast cancer as a definite threat- both as a spiritual attack – an arrow shot by the enemy, and as a killer disease. Many of their perceptions appeared to be culturally based, while others were based on their individual experiences. They perceived some benefits to both traditional and medical treatment options. Conclusions: Interventions that address people’s cultural and individual perceptions enables a comprehensive assessment of the patients with breast cancer, which can improve the treatment outcomes and survival rates of disease.

Arrow-Shot Injury to Pediatric Spinal Cord

AbstractPenetrating spinal cord injuries (PSCI) in cervical region are extremely rare in pediatric population. Most injuries in pediatric population are accidental due to gunshot or a stab injury with a sharp or pointed object. Gun shots may result into a severe wound which is usually fatal and may result in death, quadriplegia, or serious long-term disability. Stab injuries are less severe and may result in neurological sequalae. In this paper, an unusual case of pediatric arrow shot partial cervical cord injury is reported which was managed by aggressive neurosurgical management. The arrow lodged in the cervical cord was very near to the vertebral artery leading to parapariesis which recovered well without any complications. Diagnostic imaging at admission included radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and CT angiography of the cervical region. The patient underwent early surgical intervention with removal of foreign body from the cord and subsequent dural suturing.

The Greek hero Achilles and his mysterious death: transdisciplinary analysis of the gouty hypothesis.

Achilles is a character of Greek mythology whose deeds are mainly told in the Iliad by Homer. Achilles distinguishes himself on the battlefield of Troy with his dexterity and strength, appearing invincible, yet he dies wounded by an arrow in his heel. How could an arrow shot to the heel kill anybody, no matter whether vulnerable or invulnerable? Many researchers have tried to give a medical explanation to this mythological conundrum starting from a literary interpretation of the Homeric text: poisoning, infection, allergy, haemophilia or thyroid storm. In a way, the oldest medical interpretation was suggested by Lucian of Samosata (ca. 120 to after 180 AD). In his parodic tragedy "Gout", he claimed that the warrior actually died of gout. In this article we consider the gouty hypothesis and analyse the clinical aspects that support it.

The Problem

The Problem Ryan Wilson (bio) Some bitch, some rattle ice in stormy cocktails, some read or stare into their hands' artificial glow.The good-natured, whom no one likes, make conversation. Kids kick seat-backs; babies scream.This is the part where you find out exactly who you are, as much as you will ever know,Crammed like seeds into this invaluable lemon with all the dreamed escapes you cannot help but dream. There's something wrong, some unspecified glitch, but nobody will say just what it isKeeping you stranded among strangers here on the hot tarmac, waiting,Waiting for some pronouncement, some true words that will explain your prolonged absencesFrom the air above the clouds, from flight, from the oceanfront destination everyone's anticipating. It will not last forever, your time on the ground. At some point there will come a departure.Then clouded skies will recede like sunshine, like questions, like your toddler's sticky touch, and you will be [End Page 395] Wholly invisible to the earthlings you love, who love you, an arrow shot by some blind archerBeyond the endless traffic and grocery-store pharmacy lines, long-distance calls and doctors wincing thoughtlessly. For now, take solace in the presence of the known world's flawed, forgettable, flightless things;Bless the engine's troubled heart, the brief and inexplicably beautiful problem with the wings. [End Page 396] Ryan Wilson Ryan Wilson is the editor of Literary Matters and the author of The Stranger World (Measure Press, 2017), winner of the Donald Justice Poetry Prize. His work has appeared in Birmingham Poetry Review, First Things, Five Points, the Hopkins Review, the New Criterion, the Yale Review, Best American Poetry, and other publications. He teaches at the Catholic University of America. Copyright © 2018 The University of the South

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH BOWS USED IN BATTLE OF CRÉCY

The paper presents simulation of flight path of an arrow shot with a longbow and its penetration process through a steel plate imitating an armor of a medieval heavy cavalry knights used during the Battle of Crécy on 26 August, 1346. The battle was a turning moment which had settled the specific role of the English bow in tactics and methods of its deployment on battle fields for almost 200 years until the firearms such as arquebuses or muskets started to be commonly used. The basic technical parameters necessary for the simulation process are based on historical information. On the basis of numerical calculations, the parameters of the flight path of the arrow with the "anti-armor" head were determined up to the maximum range. Thanks to use of the finite element method (AUTODYN) the penetration capacity of the arrow shot from longbow against horseman’s armor of XIV century was estimated.

Kurianti tėvystė - motinystė ir šiandienė bevaikystės kultūra

Klausimas „Ar verta turėti vaikų“, pasak prancūzų filosofo Gabrielio Marcelio, Vakarų visuomenėje yra naujas. Turėdamas laisvę paneigti prigimtinę gyvenimo duotybę – jungtuvinį žmogaus ir gyvenimo ryšį – individas ir visuomenė patiria nuobodulį – egzistencinę tuštumą. Ši problema tiksliau aprašoma kognityvaus, ne moralinio trūkumo terminu: gyvename gyvenimo vertės eklipsės laikais. Šis pasaulio spalvos pritemimas nulemtas daugelio priežasčių, tačiau viena iš svarbiausių yra savęs bei vyro ir moters santykio nuskurdinimas iki seksualumo – termino, kuriame vyrauja utilitarinė dimensija. Kad vyro ir moters galią pradėti gyvybę tiksliau yra vadinti „generatyvumu“ (arba „gimtiškumu“), sutaria tokios palyginti skirtingos pažiūrų sistemos, kaip antai klasikinė tomistinė antropologija, Rytų žmogaus supratimas (Vydūnas) ir psichoanalizė (Erikias Eriksonas). Kad tokia antropologija yra adekvati – Jono Pauliaus II – terminas, parodo ir skaitlingi pastarųjų dešimtmečių neurobiologiniai tyrimai, moters grožį aiškiai susiejantys su jos vaisingumu. Tačiau pastarojo vertės suvokimą apsunkina, pasak Dawsono, Vakarų moksle įsigalėjusi pozityvistinė tradicija; vaisingumą suvokiant remiantis biologijos žiniomis ir medicinos tyrimais, vyrauja „biologijos“ semantika, kuri „nebepamena“, kad moters grožis susijęs su jos potencialu atverti ar uždaryti gyvenimo vartus. Atvirumas vaikams praturtina pačius tėvus „ego ribų išplėtimu“, o vaikų ir, vadinasi, visos visuomenės vystymuisi pirmieji metai kuria emocinės sistemos pamatus, kuriuos vėliau galima sustiprinti tik investuojant daug lėšų į pedagogines, medicinos ir socialines paslaugas to pamato neturintiems. Suvokti ir paremti motinystę ir tėvystę per pirmąjį jaunos šeimos gyvenimo dešimtmetį yra vienintelė valstybės politika, kurią būtų galima pavadinti tikrai pragmatiška

Interpersonal violence or hunting accident among the last hunter-gatherers? A flint projectile embedded in a thoracic vertebra from the Early Neolithic site of Tell Mureybet, Syria

The site of Tell Mureybet in Syria yielded several human remains, partly dated from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (8300-8200 BC), including a skeleton from an incomplete primary burial (grave 3) excavated in 1974. The study of the bones helps us to reconstruct the plausible cause of death, a thoraco-abdominal fatal wound caused by an arrow shot in the chest. This is clearly evidenced by the presence of a flint arrowhead embedded in the 10th thoracic vertebra. The X-rays, CT-scan and 3D reconstruction of the vertebra and the arrowhead allow two hypotheses regarding this death : a hunting accident or a case of interpersonal violence.

Common injuries amongst Indian elite archers: A prospective study

Introduction: India ranks third in mixed team recurve, it is highly essential to know the sites that the archers are most commonly injured. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the most standard injuries among the archers. This study holds a greater importance to create awareness among the players about the faulty techniques and the varying dynamics during the arrow releasing in archery with the quality of the arrow shot. Materials and Methodology: The survey included both national and International/Olympian players with a varying period of training schedule. The total number of Indian archers included in the study was 138 (compound bow archer 63, recurve bow archer 56, andIndian bow archers 19). The details comprised age, height (cm), weight (kg), training age, training sessions in a week (days), duration of each training session (h), number of bows shot in a single session, bow weight (kg), and draw length (inches). They were also asked whether or not they experienced pain in the last 2 years and a simple questionnaire of injury was filled and these were then calculated and the most common sites where recorded. Results: the most common injuries were the draw arm shoulder with a total percentage of 19.79, followed by blisters on fingers with a percentage of 17.01 and then injuries by the string touch being 15.97%. Conclusion: The draw arm shoulder pain was the most common affecting 19.79% injury followed by blisters on the fingers and string touch.

Hooleygan: Music, Mayhem and Good Vibrations

First published in 2010, two years before the release of the film Good Vibrations film which was based on Terry Hooley’s life and which renewed interest in Northern Ireland’s 1970s punk scene, Hooleygan: Music, Mayhem, Good Vibrations is a biography written by journalist Richard Sullivan and is based on his conversations with Terri Hooley and his entourage. The book begins with an account of how Hooley acquired his glass eye: when he was six years old, a stray toy arrow shot by a neighbour bl...

An Exceptional Case of Healed Vertebral Wound with Trapped Bronze Arrowhead: Analysis of a 7th–6th c. bc Individual from Central Kazakhstan

AbstractProjectile injury caused by an arrow shot is a common skeletal marker of interpersonal violence in archaeological populations. The injuries of the spine were usually fatal. Only few reports on healing of the vertebra pierced by flint arrowpoint can be found in bioarchaeological literature. This paper presents an exceptional case of a healed trapped bronze arrowhead wound in the spine of a 7th–6th c. bc elite nomad from Central Kazakhstan. Computed radiography and tomography as well non‐destructive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry provide detailed information about the context and mechanism of the injury. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Aerodynamic properties of an archery arrow

Two support-interference-free measurements of aerodynamic forces exerted on an archery arrow (A/C/E; Easton Technical Products) are described. The first measurement is conducted in a wind tunnel with JAXA’s 60 cm Magnetic Suspension and Balance System, in which an arrow is suspended and balanced by magnetic force against gravity. The maximum wind velocity is 45 m/s, which is less than a typical velocity of an arrow (about 60 m/s) shot by an archer. The boundary layer of the arrow remains laminar in the measured Re number range (4.0 × 103 1.0 × 104. The second measurement is performed by a free flight experiment. Using two high-speed video cameras, we record the trajectory of an archery arrow and analyze its velocity decay rate, from which the drag coefficient is determined. In order to investigate Re number dependence of the drag coefficient in a wider range (9.0 × 103 < Re < 2.4 × 104), we have developed an arrow-shooting system using compressed air as a power source, which launches the A/C/E arrow at an arbitrary velocity up to 75 m/s. We attach two points (piles) of different type (streamlined and bullet) to the arrow-nose. The boundary layer is laminar for both points for Re less than about 1.2 × 104. It becomes turbulent for Re larger than 1.2 × 104 and the drag coefficient increases to about 2.6, when the bullet point is attached. In the same Re range, two values of drag coefficient are found for the streamlined point, of which the lower value is about 1.6 (laminar boundary layer) and the larger value is about 2.6 (turbulent boundary layer), confirming that the point-shape has a crucial influence on the laminar to turbulent transition of the boundary layer.

Bad Language: Transpositions in Mark Morris's Dido and Aeneas

In the middle of Mark Morris's ballet Dido and Aeneas, set to the Henry Purcell opera of the same title, a female dancer mimes the story of the Greek goddess Diana and her unfortunate suitor, Actaeon. While hunting in the mountains, Actaeon catches sight of Diana bathing nude, and the fiercely chaste goddess transforms him into a stag; his own well-trained hounds, baying triumphantly, turn on their master. When the word “mountain” is sung, the dancer marks out two jagged peaks over her head with one hand. When the hunter Actaeon is mentioned by name, the dancer mimes a bow being arched and an arrow shot from it. Then, as the line “here, here, Actaeon met his fate,” is being sung, the dancer points one finger down at a spot on the ground, nodding emphatically. It was here, she is saying—right here, where I am pointing, see?

Arrow injuries in North Eastern Nigeria

Background : Arrow injuries are common presentation at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Nguru, North East Nigeria. The injuries are mostly unreported and there is neither a policy nor an action plan to curb their incidence Aim : To establish an accurate data base for this clinical entity in this part of Nigeria and suggest ways to curb it. Methods: A prospective study of all patients presenting with arrow shot injuries at FMC, Nguru, from January 2007 to June 2009. The age, gender, tribe, occupation, motive of assault, perpetrator information, part of body injured, treatment given and outcome were collected in a proforma. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results : All 57 patients seen were males. Their ages ranged from 13 to 60 years, with the mean age of 32.9±12.2years. The peak age incidence was 21-30years, accounting for 21cases (36.8%). Fighting between herdsmen and farmers over grazing land was the most common cause of arrow shot injuries, accounting for 25 cases (43.9%), followed by armed banditry with 17 cases (29.8%). Fighting over women was the cause in 10 cases (17.5%). Most of the patients had high Revised Trauma Score. Resuscitative and surgical procedures carried out resulted in recovery of 55 patients. Two patients with the highest number of arrow shots (11 and 4 each) and low Revised Trauma Score of 2 and 4 respectively, died pre-operatively. Conclusion : The rate of arrow shot assault injuries in the North East of Nigeria remains high with its attendant morbidity and mortality. It stems mainly from interpersonal conflicts between herdsmen and farmers over grazing land. Mapping out of grazing lands away from farm lands, enlightenment campaigns, improvement of socio-economic conditions as well as enforced legislative control on the use of bow and arrow will go a long way to reduce the incidence of arrow shot injuries in the region.

Arrow Shot Injury To The Neck

Arrow Shot Injury To The Neck

Autonomic nervous system modulation during an archery competition in novice and experienced adolescent archers

We assessed autonomic nervous system modulation through changes in heart rate variability during an archery competition as well as archery performance by comparing novice and experienced adolescent archers. Seven novice (age 14.0 ± 8.5 years, body mass index 22.9 ± 4.3 kg · m−2, training experience 0.4 ± 0.3 years) and ten experienced archers (age 16.5 ± 10.3 years, body mass index 22.4 ± 3.1 kg · m−2, training experience 4.1 ± 0.9 years) volunteered. Using beat-by-beat heart rate monitoring, heart rate variability was measured for 20 s before each arrow shot during two rounds of competition. We found that, compared with novices, experienced adolescent archers: (i) take more time per shot; (ii) have a higher low frequency band, square root of the mean of squared differences between successive R-R intervals (i.e. the time elapsing between two consecutive R waves in the electrocardiogram), and percentage of successive normal-to-normal intervals greater than 50 ms; and (iii) demonstrate an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity compared with pre-competition values. We propose that these characteristics of experienced archers are appropriate for optimal performance during competition.

Penetrated Arrow Shot Injury in Anterior Neck

Background: Although gunshot injuries are the most common penetrating anterior neck injuries in the developed world, this finding is not the case in the developing world, where knives, spears, arrows, and machetes are the preferred weapons, particularly in tribal societies. Aim: To present the case report of a patient with arrow shot injury to the anterior neck. Method: A 48 year old cattle rearer in a village in northern part of Nigeria presented with 3 hr history of an arrow shot in anterior part of the neck which he sustained the while trying to prevent some armed robbers from stealing his cow. There was scanty bleeding from the site with the arrow in-situ sealing the wound. Result: The entrance point of the arrow, about 1 cm in diameter, was just at the anterior border of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle; about 4 cm above the medial end of the right clavicle. There was a small skin bruise with slight swelling and tenderness around the opening but no active bleeding and no crepitus. Conclusion: Penetrating neck trauma from arrow shot may lead to potentially life-threatening injuries. A prompt diagnosis, a systematic treatment protocol, and an experienced trauma team are necessary to prevent a potential catastroph.

The Behaviour of An Arrow Shot from a Compound Archery Bow

The behaviour of an arrow exiting an archery bow is of interest in relation to equipment selection and optimization, as well as to the performance of the arrow down-range. In particular, it is a necessary input into a study of the impact of archer technique errors and wind drift. While the performances of recurve archery bows have been modelled by a number of researchers, those of compound archery bows have not. A compound archery bow is mechanically more complex and the archer holds the string using a mechanical release device rather than with fingers directly on the string. Consequently the arrow behaviour is significantly different from that for a recurve bow. This paper provides the results of an analysis of an arrow leaving a compound bow in both the vertical and the horizontal planes. Techniques similar to those used by Kooi for a recurve bow were used, together with photographs obtained using a triggered flash light. The paths taken by the bow's nocking point in both the vertical and the horizontal planes had a substantial influence on the arrow behaviour. In the vertical plane this was both measured and modelled for one bow type and for a second bow type it was modelled. In the horizontal plane it was measured and modelled for one bow type but with the locus varied by twisting the bow laterally. Three sizes of the most commonly used arrows were examined: the recommended size, and arrows one and two sizes stiffer. It was concluded that both the recommended size and the stiffer sizes behaved similarly, giving increased scope to optimize arrow selection for parameters such as wind drift. One major archer technique error, namely twisting the bow, was included in the analysis and shown to have a significant impact on the arrow behaviour and the path taken by the arrow in the horizontal plane.

Pill

94 BRUCE BOND PILL Say you are high all the time save those moments you take a sobriety tablet and so descend the nerves of the heart, thinking straight, they call it, as if the mind were an arrow shot from the eye into the eyes of others, the ones you wronged, the ones you never knew you love or do not love, the black fathoms of their pupils deepening as your eyes close. And sure it hurts, how something dead walks out your sleep, how it goes from blue to red like blood. And yet the stuff keeps calling you in a father’s voice. You loved your father, so it’s more than bitter seeds you swallow. It’s quiet pleasure within the limitations of one life, until the great space of a day gets wider, brighter, as if you were slipping into summer with its giant measures of desire, the way just sitting makes it rise. And yes, with each dose comes the gravity and boredom, the slow crush of August heat, though you are learning to live here, in a town with one good street to speak of, one flock of trees to storm the night. In time you are addicted. And it takes more of the drug to get you back 95 to the world, where morning swallows flit in last night’s rain. In time you tell yourself you are the age you are: the little pains inside your arms, your legs, they are just that: the pinch that says you are not asleep, that the compulsion you feel is the pull of the planet you walk, alone. And the dawn, however deep you breathe, is everyone’s now, everyone’s breath in the sky above you, everyone’s sun aching into layers of mist, spitting fire in the eye, its one black star dissolving, like a pill. ...

Shooting dynamics in archery: A multidimensional analysis from drawing to releasing in male archers

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between physiological and mechanical dynamics during arrow releasing in archery with the quality of the arrow shot. Four elite male archers were involved in this study. Mechanical clicker reaction time (MCRT), Integrated Electromygraphic % (IEMG %) activity of hand flexor and extensor, deltoid and trapezius were recorded at a sampling frequency of 600Hz. Aiming behaviours, aiming time, total drawing time (TDT) and full drawing time (FDT) were calculated by the first act in trapezius. Postural sway, aiming sway and body weight shifts, changes in the posture of archers toward sideways (DX) and front-back (DY), decrease in the body weight (DBW) on legs were recorded at the same sampling rate using force plates for every arrow of archers. All the measurement methods were synchronized with each other and referenced to the clicker fall. Subjects completed 30 arrows on an 18m range constructed indoors. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 12.0. It has been found that performance of male archers varies according to flexor muscle one second prior to clicker falls and that the performance increases when the muscular activity of flexor and deltoid muscles decreases. It has been stated that archers have better shots as the posture sways towards right-left within the period of holding the bow tight and as the drawing time decreases. In conclusion, archers MCRT is shorter for high performance. As muscle activity decreases, performance increases. Aiming sways on the target towards right-left, up and down and postural sways during releasing towards sideways and anterio-posterior affect performance. Drawing time may change with performance and which is affected by shift in the body weight especially after releasing.