Array Of Plates Research Articles

Predicting pressure buildup behind perforated plates under blast wave impact: A simplified approach

This study experimentally investigates the interaction of an incident blast wave with a perforated multiple plate array and the subsequent pressure buildup on an end wall. Experiments are conducted in a square tunnel using arrays composed of plates with varying porosities and perforation diameters positioned at different distances from the end wall. High-speed shadowgraphy and pressure measurements quantify the influence of these parameters on transmitted wave attenuation and pressure buildup on the end wall. Results demonstrate that wave attenuation and pressure buildup rates are significantly influenced by plate porosity, array length, and stand-off distance, whereas the perforation diameter has a negligible effect. A theoretical model is employed to predict the measured end wall pressure history. The model accurately predicts overall pressure history, including peak pressure and decay, for various porosities, plate numbers, and stand-off distances. Deviations between model predictions and experimental data are analyzed. Additionally, the pressure measurements reveal a power-law relationship between the transmitted wave attenuation rate and the porosity index. Notably, arrays with lower porosity, consisting of fewer plates, can effectively attenuate the transmitted wave compared to higher porosity configurations with more plates. By attenuating the peak pressure on the target wall/end wall and extending the pressure buildup time, the perforated plate arrays provide a promising approach to enhance blast protection.

HaptoFloater: Visuo-Haptic Augmented Reality by Embedding Imperceptible Color Vibration Signals for Tactile Display Control in a Mid-Air Image.

We propose HaptoFloater, a low-latency mid-air visuo-haptic augmented reality (VHAR) system that utilizes imperceptible color vibrations. When adding tactile stimuli to the visual information of a mid-air image, the user should not perceive the latency between the tactile and visual information. However, conventional tactile presentation methods for mid-air images, based on camera-detected fingertip positioning, introduce latency due to image processing and communication. To mitigate this latency, we use a color vibration technique; humans cannot perceive the vibration when the display alternates between two different color stimuli at a frequency of 25 Hz or higher. In our system, we embed this imperceptible color vibration into the mid-air image formed by a micromirror array plate, and a photodiode on the fingertip device directly detects this color vibration to provide tactile stimulation. Thus, our system allows for the tactile perception of multiple patterns on a mid-air image in 59.5 ms. In addition, we evaluate the visual-haptic delay tolerance on a mid-air display using our VHAR system and a tactile actuator with a single pattern and faster response time. The results of our user study indicate a visual-haptic delay tolerance of 110.6 ms, which is considerably larger than the latency associated with systems using multiple tactile patterns.

Nutrient screening of Chlorella vulgaris and C. variabilis using high-throughput biolog phenotype arrays

Microalgae, particularly Chlorella species, are versatile microorganisms with significant scientific potential in various domains, including recombinant protein production, wastewater treatment, biofuel production, bio-fertilizers, food source, pharmaceuticals, and carbon capture. However, conventional growth media have often been the default choice for Chlorella cultivation. This study utilizes Biolog phenotype array plates to explore the growth responses of Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella variabilis to a broad spectrum of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur sources. The growth dynamics were captured by integrating the area under the OD-time curve. The results revealed growth preferences for both Chlorella species, emphasizing their unique nutrient source requirements and illuminated some unexpected growth behaviors. C. vulgaris exhibited equal preference for trehalose as glucose, and C. variabilis was unable to metabolize nitrate or sucrose, two staples of modified BBM media most commonly used for its cultivation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the metabolic capacities of C. vulgaris and C. variabilis, informing potentially more efficient and tailored microalgal cultivation practices across diverse applications.

B-167 Quantification of Thyroglobulin in Serum for Clinical Research using SISCAPA Workflow Combined with LC-MS/MS

Abstract Background Accurate measurement of Thyroglobulin (Tg) using existing immunoassay-based techniques can be challenging in the presence of anti-Tg antibodies (TgAb), which can prevent the binding of Tg to assay antibodies thus leading to non-quantifiable Tg concentrations. The Stable Isotope Standards and Capture with Anti-Peptide Antibodies (SISCAPA™) Workflow combined with LC-MS/MS has been successfully employed to circumvent this problem by digesting the serum sample thus eliminating interfering TgAb and measuring a Tg-specific surrogate peptide instead. Methods Using a Andrew+™ Pipetting Robot, denaturation and reduction buffer was added to 250µL serum samples and incubated at 37°C. Internal standard and trypsin were added and samples incubated at 37°C. The samples were quenched with protease inhibitor and Anti-Tg FSP mAb SISCAPA was added to the serum samples and mixed for 60 minutes. Using a magnetic array plate, the beads were left to pull down, samples were discarded, and the beads were twice washed with PBS/CHAPS prior to elution with acetonitrile with formic acid. Using an ACQUITY™ UPLC™ I-Class PLUS FL System, samples were injected onto a Waters™ XSelect™ HSS T3 Column using a water/acetonitrile/formic acid gradient elution profile and the Tg FSP peptide was quantified using a Waters Xevo™ TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometer. Results The method demonstrated no significant carryover or matrix effects and was shown to be linear from 0.1 - 50 ng/mL. Analytical sensitivity investigations indicate the analytical sensitivity of this method would allow precise quantification (<20%) at 0.1 ng/mL with S/N (PtP) >10:1. Coefficients of variation (CV) for total precision and repeatability on 5 analytical runs for low, mid and high QCs were all < 9.5% (n = 25) for both automated and manual precision assessments. Comparison with samples from the UK NEQAS scheme demonstrated significant method bias of -40% for the developed LC-MS/MS method. Re-assignment of the calibrator concentrations using the EQA samples reduced the bias to -5.5%, indicating differences in the calibration materials used for these measurements. Conclusions A LC-MS/MS clinical research method for serum thyroglobulin was developed using SISCAPA, followed by analysis using ACQUITY UPLC I-Class PLUS FL System and the Xevo TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometer. The method provides analytical sensitivity down to 0.1 ng/mL from 250 µL serum, while providing sufficient sample for re-analysis. The method demonstrates excellent linearity across the calibration range, with no significant carryover, interferences, and matrix effects. Total reproducibility and repeatability of the method was ≤9.5% RSD for manual and automated sample preparation, using the Andrew+ Pipetting Robot. In addition, the Andrew+ Pipetting Robot can minimize user touch-time, allowing a full plate to be prepared within four hours without user intervention.

Wave energy extraction from rigid rectangular compound floating plates

We present a theoretical model to analyse the hydrodynamics of wave energy converters (WECs) comprised of three-dimensional, rigid, floating, compound rectangular plates in the open sea. The hydrodynamic problem is solved by means of Green’s theorem and a free-surface Green’s function. Plate motion is predicted through decomposition into rigid natural modes. We first analyse the case of a single rectangular plate and validate our model against experimental results from physical model tests undertaken in the COAST laboratory at the University of Plymouth. Then we extend our theory to complex shapes and arrays of plates and examine how the geometry, incident wave direction and power take-off (PTO) coefficient affect the response of the platform and the consequent absorbed energy.

Interaction leads to symmetry breaking in an array of cantilever plates in oscillatory cross flow

By using a computational model based on the immersed-boundary framework, a new mode of symmetry breaking is discovered in a fluid–structure interaction problem featuring an array of cantilever plates in a cross flow whose strength and direction varies sinusoidally with time. Specifically, within the physical parameters considered in this study, the motion of a single plate remains symmetric, whereas a system containing multiple plates can move asymmetrically so that the symmetry-breaking instability comes from fluid-dynamic interactions among individual plates. Further examination suggests that vortices shed from the free ends of the plates play an important role. Indeed, symmetry breaking occurs only when these vortices are sufficiently strong and when the distance between plates lies within certain range. If the distance is too small, a vortex shed from one plate can only stay in the gap between this plate and its neighboring plate for a short time so that it does not have the chance to interact extensively with the neighbor. On the other hand, if the distance is too large it is also difficult for this vortex to interact with the neighbor since it has to travel a long distance to reach there while the background flow keeps changing its direction. In either case, the system does not display asymmetric behavior.

Ultrasensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform for Protein Detection via Active Delivery to Nanogaps as a Hotspot.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an attractive technique in molecular detection with high sensitivity and label-free characteristics. However, its use in protein detection is limited by the large volume of proteins, hindering its approach to the narrow spaces of hotspots. In this study, we fabricated a Au nanoTriangle plate Array on Gel (AuTAG) as an SERS substrate by attaching a Au nanoTriangle plate (AuNT) arrangement on a thermoresponsive hydrogel surface. The AuTAG acts as an actively tunable plasmonic device, on which the interparticle distance is altered by controlling temperature via changes in hydrogel volume. Further, we designed a Gel Filter Trapping (GFT) method as an active protein delivery strategy based on the characteristics of hydrogels, which can absorb water and separate biopolymers through their three-dimensional (3D) polymer networks. On the AuTAGs, fabricated with AuNTs modified with charged surface ligands to prevent the nonspecific adsorption of analytes to particles, the GFT method helped the delivery of proteins to hotspot areas on the AuNT arrangement. This combination of a AuTAG substrate and the GFT method enables ultrahigh sensitivity for protein detection by SERS up to a single-molecule level as well as a wide quantification concentration range of 6 orders due to their geometric advantages.

Study on vibration bandgap characteristics of a cantilever beam type local resonance unit

This article proposes a novel phononic crystal configuration consisting of a through-hole cantilever beam and a mass block, and conducts numerical analysis and experimental verification on the bandgap characteristics of a two-dimensional periodic array plate containing this configuration. The results indicate that there are multiple bending wave band gaps in the proposed structure, and the formation of the bandgap is due to the coupling between elastic waves in the matrix and the resonance characteristics of the local resonant structure. The width of the bandgap is related to the coupling strength. Further research has also found that the proportion of effective mass of the mode is a criterion for determining whether the mode generates a bandgap. At the same time, the regulation of band gaps by the cell constants and geometric parameters of local resonance units was studied. Based on the above research, by improving the original local resonance structure, more abundant bandgap features were obtained, providing a feasible approach for the design of broadband bandgaps. Finally, the vibration transmission rate of the finite period structural plate was obtained through simulation calculations and experiments, and its attenuation frequency band was basically consistent with the bandgap range, indicating that the structure has good low-frequency vibration reduction performance, which has broad engineering application prospects in the field of vibration and noise reduction.

Constructive interaction in an array of flexible energy-harvesting plates in oscillatory cross flow

Constructive interaction in an array of flexible energy-harvesting plates in oscillatory cross flow

Improved phase retrieval method with dual-plane holograms for slightly off-axis digital holography

An improved phase retrieval method with dual-plane holograms for slightly off-axis digital holography (DH) is proposed. By applying the Hilbert transform (HT) twice on defocused hologram, the DC term can be effectively eliminated while preserving the original object information. The phase of tested sample can be retrieved from two transformed holograms with only a straightforward algebraic equation. The derivation of algebraic equation and characteristic analysis of HT on hologram are discussed in details. Our method offers a viable solution for quantitative phase imaging in slightly off-axis DH system, eliminating the need for complex spectrum filtering, phase-shifting devices, and iterative operation. Numerical simulation and experiment results of microlens array and phase plate demonstrate the validity of proposed method.

3D Directional Assembly of Liquid Crystal Molecules.

The precise construction of hierarchically long-range ordered structures using molecules as fundamental building blocks can fully harness their anisotropy and potential. However, the 3D, high-precision, and single-step directional assembly of molecules is a long-pending challenge. Here, a 3D directional molecular assembly strategy via femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) is proposed and the feasibility of this approach using liquid crystal (LC) molecules as an illustrative example is demonstrated. The physical mechanism for femtosecond (fs) laser-induced assembly of LC molecules is investigated, and precise 3D arbitrary assembly of LC molecules is achieved by defining the discretized laser scanning pathway. Additionally, an LC-based Fresnel zone plate array with polarization selection and colorization imaging functions is fabricated to further illustrate the potential of this method. This study not only introduces a 3D high-resolution alignment method for LC-based functional devices but also establishes a universal protocol for the precise 3D directional assembly of anisotropic molecules.

Controlled near-field boundaries to improve microwave heating performances

In this paper, we show that controlled near-field boundaries (CNFBs) fabricated from height-shiftable plate arrays (HSPAs) exhibit significant influences on the electromagnetic field distribution, which largely determines the performances of microwave heating; the significant influences provide a possibility to further improve the performances of microwave heating. First, the near-field boundary is proved theoretically having more influences on electromagnetic fields than the far-field boundary. Then, the CNFBs are fabricated by respectively placing three HSPAs, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, and 4 × 4, in a microwave reaction cavity (MRC). Based on the HSPA-MRC, three heating strategies are proposed to achieve extreme heating efficiency, excellent heating uniformity, and the best comprehensive heating performance, respectively. Compared with the conventional MRC, the proposed HSPA-MRC raises 56.27% heating efficiency and 394.64% heating uniformity. To validate the simulation results, a corresponding experiment system is built and experiments are carried out; the results of the experiments agree very well with simulations. Finally, the sensitivity of the proposed heating strategies is analyzed by heating samples with different shapes, sizes and materials.

Omnidirectional mid-air image system using micro-mirror array plates

We proposed and implemented an omnidirectional mid-air image optical system that suppresses stray light and transmitted light. When micro-mirror array plates (MMAP) are integrated with view control films and rotated these optical elements at high speed, stray and transmitted light are effectively suppressed. This enables the visibility of omnidirectional mid-air image. We evaluated the effects of the view control film and high-speed rotation on the luminance and resolution of mid-air images, respectively. Our system facilitates the simultaneous viewing of mid-air images by multiple users, expanding the accessibility of mid-air image content to a large audience.

Phase-amplitude coupling detection and analysis of human 2-dimensional neural cultures in multi-well microelectrode array in vitro

BackgroundHuman induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)- derived neurons offer the possibility of studying human-specific neuronal behaviors in physiologic and pathologic states in vitro. It is unclear whether cultured neurons can achieve the fundamental network behaviors required to process information in the brain. Investigating neuronal oscillations and their interactions, as occurs in cross-frequency coupling (CFC), addresses this question. New methodsWe examined whether networks of two-dimensional (2D) cultured hiPSC-derived cortical neurons grown with hiPSC-derived astrocytes on microelectrode array plates recapitulate the CFC that is present in vivo. We employed the modulation index method for detecting phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and used offline spike sorting to analyze the contribution of single neuron spiking to network behavior. ResultsWe found that PAC is present, the degree of PAC is specific to network structure, and it is modulated by external stimulation with bicuculline administration. Modulation of PAC is not driven by single neurons, but by network-level interactions. Comparison with existing methodsPAC has been demonstrated in multiple regions of the human cortex as well as in organoids. This is the first report of analysis demonstrating the presence of coupling in 2D cultures. ConclusionCFC in the form of PAC analysis explores communication and integration between groups of neurons and dynamical changes across networks. In vitro PAC analysis has the potential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as well as capture the effects of chemical, electrical, or ultrasound stimulation; providing insight into modulation of neural networks to treat nervous system disorders in vivo.

Abstract 470: AR-induced miRNA124-3p.2 suppresses the metastasis-promoting factor CCL2

Abstract Objective: The standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy that blocks androgen receptor (AR) signaling, but this therapy becomes ineffective within a few years, resulting in castration-resistant prostate cancer. We have previously shown that blockade of AR signaling induces CCL2 and activates cancer cells through an autocrine mechanism, but why AR blockade induces CCL2 secretion has not been elucidated. Micro RNAs (miRs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate the translation of various proteins. In this study, we investigated whether miRs are involved in CCL2 induction. Subjects and Methods: We used miRNA PCR Plate Array and Target Scan (https://www.targetscan.org) to search for miRs that are controlled by AR and bind to and repress the CCL2 gene. We knocked down the AR of human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4-2B with siRNA (siAR) and examined the expression of target miRs and CCL2. siAR-transfected LNCaP and C4-2B were transfected with target miR mimic and CCL2 expression was examined. siAR-transfected LNCaP, C4-2B, and C4-2B were transfected with target miR mimic and CCL2 expression was examined. siAR-transfected LNCaP and C4-2B were transfected with target miR mimic and CCL2 expression was examined. The target miR mimic was introduced into them, and the changes in migration ability were evaluated. Results: miR-124-3p.2 was extracted as a candidate from miRNA PCR Plate Array and Target Scan. miR-124-3p.2 expression was upregulated in both LNCaP and C4-2B when DHT was added and downregulated when CCL2 was added. In siAR LNCaP and C4-2B, the expression of CCL2 was decreased when miR-124-3p.2 mimic was introduced. Furthermore, in siAR-transfected LNCaP, C4-2B, the introduction of miR-124-3p.2 mimic suppressed the migration. Conclusion: AR suppresses CCL2 via miR124-3p.2. miR124-3p.2-mediated regulation of CCL2 may be a new therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer. Citation Format: Shuhei Aoyama, Kouji Izumi, Atsushi Mizokami. AR-induced miRNA124-3p.2 suppresses the metastasis-promoting factor CCL2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 470.

Investigation of the Performance of a V-shaped Inner Plate Array Armor System Against 7.62 mm Caliber Bullets

Investigation of the Performance of a V-shaped Inner Plate Array Armor System Against 7.62 mm Caliber Bullets

Hydroacoustic performance analysis and testing of a novel piezoelectric material transducer

In order to address the high sensitivity requirements of underwater detection systems, this paper designs two new piezoelectric material hydroacoustic transducers, single metal plate and bimetal plate arrays, based on 1–3 piezoelectric composites. By changing the piezoelectric ceramic's original structure to improve its piezoelectric properties, the transducer's overall performance is improved. The comparison of theoretical analysis and finite element simulation results shows that the single metal plate and double metal plate array structures use air instead of polymer to reduce the loss with a higher electromechanical coupling coefficient compared with 1–3 composite materials. 1–3, mono- and bi-metal plate array structure transducers were prepared in turn and tested for hydroacoustic performance. According to the results, the double metal plate array structure has a higher electromechanical coupling coefficient, transmit voltage response, and receive sensitivity compared to the 1–3 piezoelectric composites andsingle metal plate array transducers. The maximum transmit voltage response and receive sensitivity values are 179.8 dB and −173.8 dB, respectively. The bimetallic version of the array structure transducer can be applied to underwater detection systems, which have the ability to detect weaker signals.

Numerical computation on cavity natural convection for built-in plate arrays application: Heat transfer analysis and optimization

Natural convection in cavity with built-in plates has been widely used in fluid mechanics and heat transfer engineering, such as heat exchangers, electronics, solar collector, growing crystals, etc. However, the natural convection flow physics and heat transfer characteristics in cavity with plate arrays remain to be investigated further. In this study, numerical analysis and computational fluid dynamics simulation are conducted for natural convection in cavity with plate arrays by finite volume method. Key influence factors impacting heat transfer are analyzed, including the line dip-angle of plate arrays θ, rotary angle of plates to the array φ, with relationships comparison between the Nusselt number and Rayleigh number in different built-in plate arrays. Moreover, for illustrative application example, the natural convection in solar greenhouse with PV arrays roof is investigated, with inside temperature distribution comparison under different design parameters. The preliminary results indicate that plates spacing could remarkably impacts the number of streamlines between ”late’arrays. The dip-angle of arrays θ leads to different shape flow in the cavity, and the rotary angle of plates φ notably affects the fluid flow direction in the vicinity areas of plates, especially when φ = 90°. Solar greenhouse case study indicates that increasing array group numbers can improve air temperature distribution uniformity in the cavity, which is favorable for built environment accurate control and operation. This work can provide modeling method support and reference for natural heat convection applications.

Propellant Mass Gauging in a Spherical Tank under Micro-Gravity Conditions Using Capacitance Plate Arrays and Machine Learning.

Propellant mass gauging under micro-gravity conditions is a challenging task due to the unpredictable position and shape of the fuel body inside the tank. Micro-gravity conditions are common for orbiting satellites and rockets that operate on limited fuel supplies. Capacitance sensors have been investigated for this task in recent years; however, the effect of various positions and shapes of the fuel body is not analyzed in detail. In this paper, we investigate this with various fill types, such as annular, core-annular, and stratified fills at different positions. We compare the performance among several curve-fitting-based approaches and a machine-learning-based approach, the latter of which offers superior performance in estimating the fuel content.

Compact single-shot soft X-ray photon spectrometer for free-electron laser diagnostics.

The photon spectrum from free-electron laser (FEL) light sources offers valuable information in time-resolved experiments and machine optimization in the spectral and temporal domains. We have developed a compact single-shot photon spectrometer to diagnose soft X-ray spectra. The spectrometer consists of an array of off-axis Fresnel zone plates (FZP) that act as transmission-imaging gratings, a Ce:YAG scintillator, and a microscope objective to image the scintillation target onto a two-dimensional imaging detector. This spectrometer operates in segmented energy ranges which covers tens of electronvolts for each absorption edge associated with several atomic constituents: carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon. The spectrometer's performance is demonstrated at a repetition rate of 120 Hz, but our detection scheme can be easily extended to 200 kHz spectral collection by employing a fast complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) line-scan camera to detect the light from the scintillator. This compact photon spectrometer provides an opportunity for monitoring the spectrum downstream of an endstation in a limited space environment with sub-electronvolt energy resolution.