Arrangement Of Items Research Articles

An exact algorithm for two-dimensional cutting problems based on multi-level pattern

A multi-level pattern is proposed for the unconstrained two-dimensional cutting problems of rectangular items, and an exact generation algorithm is constructed. The arrangement of rectangular items with the same type in multiple rows and columns is referred to as a 0-level pattern. An n-level pattern is the horizontal or vertical combination of an n-1 level pattern with a pattern whose level will not exceed n-1. The generation algorithm of multi-level pattern is constructed on the base of dynamic programming, and the multi-level patterns with various sizes are generated with increased level order. The normal size is chosen to reduce unnecessary computation in the algorithm. Three sets of benchmark instances and one set of random production instance from the literatures are used for comparison. Comparing to the exact algorithm in the literature, the results in this paper are equivalent, but the computation time is shorter. Comparing to heuristic algorithms in literatures, the results in this paper are better and the computation time is still good enough for practical applications.

Optimizing Food Sample Handling and Placement Pattern Recognition with YOLO: Advanced Techniques in Robotic Object Detection

Japan, grappling with a significant labor deficit driven by a declining birthrate and an aging population, is increasingly turning towards industrial robotics, particularly in the food manufacturing sector. The diverse nature of food products presents a notable challenge: the need for customized programming for each product variant, which has been a major impediment to the widespread adoption of robotics in this domain. This paper presents an innovative solution utilizing the "You Only Look Once" (YOLO) object detection algorithm, aimed at simplifying the programming process for industrial robots. A key enhancement in our approach is the integration of Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) for effective discrimination of overlapping objects, leveraging critical data such as the center of gravity, depth, and bounding box measurements. The incorporation of RGB-D sensors enables the acquisition of precise spatial height data, essential for assessing the stacking and arrangement of items. The practicality and effectiveness of this methodology are corroborated through empirical trials involving the robotic placement of real-world objects. This research not only demonstrates the feasibility of our approach but also underscores its potential to significantly optimize robotic operations in food manufacturing.

Robust Optimization for the Two-Dimensional Strip-Packing Problem with Variable-Sized Bins

The two-dimensional strip-packing problem (2D-SPP) emerges as a notable variant of the cutting and packing (C&P) problem, aiming to optimize the arrangement of small rectangular items within unique strips with a fixed width and infinite height to minimize the usage of height. Despite extensive academic exploration, applying 2D-SPP solutions in industrial settings remains challenging. Two significant issues, often overlooked in academia yet frequently encountered in industrial contexts, are the uncertain demand for items, exacerbated by the bullwhip effect, and the need for diverse types of strips to cater to varying customer needs. Our paper addresses this academia–industry gap by proposing a robust optimization model for the uncertain 2D-SPP with variable-sized bins, aiming to manage the demand fluctuations within a box uncertainty set framework. Additionally, we employ the contiguous one-dimensional relaxation technique in conjunction with column generation to tighten the lower bound of the problem, thereby augmenting solution accuracy. Furthermore, we leverage the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition to transform the model into a more tractable form, subsequently leading to an exact solution. Based on datasets from a real-life plastic-cutting company, comprehensive experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed relaxation method and algorithm, showcasing the potential for an improved industrial application of 2D-SPP solutions.

Effect of Item Order on the Reliability of Mathematics Test among Secondary School Students in Rivers State

The study investigated the effect of item order on the reliability of mathematics test among secondary school students in Rivers State. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. Quasi – experimental research design was used and the study was carried out in nine public senior secondary schools in three local government areas in River State which was drawn using Simple Random Sampling Technique. A sample size of 507 students were drawn from the population of 904 through Stratified Random Sampling Technique and the application of Taro Yemen formula to determine the minimum sample size. The instrument used was Multiple Choice Format Mathematics Performance Test (MCFMPT) arranged in ascending, descending and inconsistent order of difficulty and students’ scores were used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was 0.75 using split-half method of establishing reliability and Spearman Brown prophecy formula for internal consistency of the instrument. Mean and Standard deviation were used to answer research question while t-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The results revealed that item order based of ascending, descending and inconsistent order do not have significant effect on the reliability of mathematics test among secondary school students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that all pattern of item order (ascending, descending and inconsistent order of difficulty) should be encouraged among secondary school students as it has no significant effect on reliability coefficient. Students should be motivated to improve their real abilities in mathematics related courses and not judging their underperformance in mathematics based on the arrangement of items.

Optimally integrating ad auction into e-commerce platforms

Advertising becomes one of the most popular ways of monetizing an online transaction platform. Usually, sponsored advertisements are posted on the most attractive positions to enhance the number of clicks. However, multiple e-commerce platforms are aware that this action may hurt the search experience of users, even though it can bring more incomes. To balance the advertising revenue and the user experience loss caused by advertisements, most e-commerce platforms choose fixing some areas for advertisements and adopting some restrictions on the number of ads, such as a fixed number K of ads or one advertisement for every N organic searched results. Different from these common rules of treating the allocation of ads separately (from the arrangements of the organic searched items), in this work we build up an integrated system with mixed arrangements of advertisements and organic items. We focus on the design of truthful mechanisms to properly list the advertisements and organic items and optimally trade off the instant revenue and the user experience. Furthermore, for different settings and practical requirements, we extend our optimal truthful allocation mechanisms to cater for these realistic conditions. Finally, we exert several experiments to verify the improvement of our mechanism compared to the common-used advertising mechanism.

ANALISIS PENGARUH STORE ATMOSPHERE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KEMBALI DI KAYU KAYU RESTAURANT ALAM SUTERA

ANALISIS PENGARUH STORE ATMOSPHERE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KEMBALI DI KAYU KAYU RESTAURANT ALAM SUTERA

북미 초등학생 대상 한국어 교재의 문법 항목 검토과 제언

The purpose of this study is to review and critically discuss the grammatical content of two textbooks developed for elementary school students in North America. Firstly, it confirms that “Korean 3” covers Level 1 and 2 grammar, while “Korean 4” covers Level 2 and 3 grammar. Secondly, the textbooks present many grammar items in chunks for efficient teaching and learning. Thirdly, the arrangement of grammar items based on difficulty was not taken into consideration. Fourthly, it was found that many grammar items are used in previous chapters, which students will learn later on. Finally, the presentation of grammar items in both textbooks was analyzed, and suggestions were made for improving teaching and correcting errors in the textbooks.

Statistical context learning in tactile search: Crossmodally redundant, visuo-tactile contexts fail to enhance contextual cueing

In search tasks, reaction times become faster when the target is repeatedly encountered at a fixed position within a consistent spatial arrangement of distractor items, compared to random arrangements. Such “contextual cueing” is also obtained when the predictive distractor context is provided by a non-target modality. Thus, in tactile search, finding a target defined by a deviant vibro-tactile pattern (delivered to one fingertip) from the patterns at other, distractor (fingertip) locations is facilitated not only when the configuration of tactile distractors is predictive of the target location, but also when a configuration of (collocated) visual distractors is predictive—where intramodal-tactile cueing is mediated by a somatotopic and crossmodal-visuotactile cueing by a spatiotopic reference frame. This raises the question of whether redundant multisensory, tactile-plus-visual contexts would enhance contextual cueing of tactile search over and above the level attained by unisensory contexts alone. To address this, we implemented a tactile search task in which, in 50% of the trials in a “multisensory” phase, the tactile target location was predicted by both the tactile and the visual distractor context; in the other 50%, as well as a “unisensory” phase, the target location was solely predicted by the tactile context. We observed no redundancy gains by multisensory-visuotactile contexts, compared to unisensory-tactile contexts. This argues that the reference frame for contextual learning is determined by the task-critical modality (somatotopic coordinates for tactile search). And whether redundant predictive contexts from another modality (vision) can enhance contextual cueing depends on the availability of the corresponding spatial (spatiotopic-visual to somatotopic-tactile) remapping routines.

An archaeological evaluation of the Olmec “royal tombs” at La Venta, Mexico

AbstractAt La Venta, Mexico, the Middle Formative Olmec regional center, the existence of individual leaders is interpreted from the evidence of monumental stone portraiture and several tombs believed to house the bodies of a sequence of kings late in La Venta's history. The status of these latter features as graves, however, has been debated since soon after they were excavated in the 1940s, especially because they generally lacked osteological material. What remained was arrangements of costume items as if adorning a body, usually associated with a stone container. Most archaeologists have advanced the reasonable explanation that bones and teeth would not have survived in tropical environments and accepted both the tomb attribution and their function as individual funerary monuments. A detailed review of available information from the La Venta excavations reveals these assumptions are not warranted. Field data indicate the absence of expected taphonomic evidence of bodily decay. Analysis of the stratigraphy of Mound A-2, aided, by computer-enhanced imaging of field drawings, demonstrates its tomb-like features were erected in a single, short construction phase, not over a span of decades as individual kings died. These conclusions call for alternative explanations of these “surrogate burials,” absent bodies materially evoked by ritual officiants.

Решение задачи обеспечения минимальной дистанционной обнаруживаемости различных объектов на малой глубине водоемов

Object and purpose of research. The object of research is arrangement of various items on the bottom of water bodies. The purpose of research is achieving maximum invisibility for such items. Anticipated search or accidental detection of bottom objects can be carried out by the bathymetric method, i.e. assessment of water column over such objects. Materials and methods. It is expected that low flying UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) equipped with bathymetric laser emitter are used for detection of underwater objects. With consideration of some simplifications, optimization is carried out for the operation of bathymetric laser detector of objects located on the sea bed. The task of detecting an underwater object is considered to be solved when the difference between the signals reflected from the sea bed and underwater object is reliably recorded. Minimum external detectability is achieved at minimum of the said difference. Main results. An objective functional is obtained to characterize the total signal from multiple underwater objects. As a result of performed optimization, the condition is determined at which the minimum of the objective functional is achieved. According to the obtained result, the total signal reflected from an underwater object reaches its minimum if the height of underwater objects and their reflection coefficient vary paraphase, i.e. the growth of one is accompanied with the reduction of the other. Conclusion. A method for minimum detectability of objects stacked on the sea bed is suggested and validated. Practical procedures of storing various objects on the sea bed are defined, which ensures their invisibility for the bathymetric laser detector onboard the low-flying UAV.

METODE PEMBELAJARAN DI LUAR KELAS (OUTDOOR STUDY), MELALUI MEDIA MUSEUM RUMAH STUDI MISI OSF SEMARANG LEARNING METHODS OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM (OUTDOOR STUDY), THROUGH THE MEDIA MUSEUM OSF SEMARANG MISSION STUDY HOUSE

Learning activities outside the classroom (Outdoor Study) and outside reading book texts will create a different atmosphere and understanding. One of the ways to study outdoors is to visit museums, the museum informs the public, especially students and teachers, about history classes. Museums are the best place to find historical sources, feel more grateful, get to know the world more broadly. The purpose of this community service writing is to disseminate information about the existence of the OSF Semarang Mission Study House as an alternative to visit, as an interesting place and provide additional knowledge. The methods used in this activity are preparation, visit and evaluation. The result of this dissemination is that the OSF Semarang Study house is an interesting place to visit with relics of interesting items to be known by students and the visiting public. Arrangement of items in a neat and attractive room will make students and the public feel at home and will visit again

A Review on Arduino Based Color Sorting Machine

Abstract: In this digital world, color processing in different industries gives us more leverage to solve the consistency problem of continuous manual sorting. This document will be a new approach to continuously detect and classify objects and keep them in a specific place. Color processing attracts a lot of attention since the help of modern technology leads to the possibility of expanding the scope of its application in various areas. The Arduino Nano microcontroller, TCS3200 colour sensor, servo motor, and other electronic components are used to study, develop, and build a colour sorter. This work involves sensors that detect the color of the object and send the signal to the Arduino. The microcontroller sends a signal to the circuitry that drives the various motors to activate the object and place it in the specified location. Based on the detection, everything moves to the specified position releases the object, and returns to the original position. The system is able to quickly classify the object based on its color at the respective color station. Sorting objects is an essentially mechanical process that requires difficult work. The chronically manual layout leads to consistency problems. Above all, machines can do boring tasks that humans are superior to. Worker burnout in sequential production structures can lead to reduced execution and purpose issues in maintaining the object. Recognize the color of the article but in no way a machine. In this article, a compact registration near the arrangement of items based on color was implemented using the TCS3200 color sensor with servo motors in conjunction with Arduino Nano. Keywords: Automation TCS3200, Arduino Nano, Servo Motor.

중국어 교육을 위한 중국어 문법 항목 분석— 초급 회화 교재의 존현문과 조사 ‘了’를 중심으로

Scholars who studied education have considered the three basic elements of education: the instructor, the learner, and the textbook. A successful education requires good teaching materials as well as good instructors. In other words, instructors and textbooks directly affect the effectiveness of education. Above all, textbooks are a main material that provides the basic framework of learning and are an important factor that determines the success of lesson. The textbooks on the market reflect the situation of Chinese education most realistically. So if we analyze it, we can grasp the reality of Chinese education. It can also be a starting point for discussing education. This thesis investigated the contents related to the Chinese elementary education used in Korean universities. As a result, 『Master Chinese』, 『Spoken Chinese』 and 『The Chinese』 were selected as the study subjects. Is the knowledge of Chinese textbooks which are widely used in universities effectively communicated to learners? Based on this problem, this paper comprehensively analyzed the selection, arrangement, and explanation of grammatical items. Based on the results, this thesis suggests how to carry out it in detail and an effective method of teaching Chinese grammar for learners. First, when selecting grammar items, the beginner level focuses on vocabulary and phrases so that learners can easily feel the language elements of grammar. Second, when arranging grammar items, the proportion and difficulty of grammar should be considered first If the proportion of grammar is not small, it should not be concentrated in one lesson. It should be designed in stages and sequentially by dividing it into several lessons. Less difficult sentences should be learned first so that efficient learning can be achieved. Third, when describing a grammar item, it should be formulated so that can be intuitively knew about the grammar structure. Along with sufficient examples, it shall be designed to accurately understand by the usage of each sentence with an appropriate explanation of Korean and Chinese sentences. I hope that this study will help to develop Chinese education in a more ideal and successful direction. And also hope to be a useful reference for the compilation of Chinese textbooks.

Developing Female-Genital Infection Preventive Behavior Tool (FGIPBT) for Islamic Boarding School Population Based on The Integrated Behavior Model

Female-genital infection in adolescence causes discomfort and may develop into a serious issue. Islamic boarding school female students are a population at risk of getting a female-genital infection due to the lack of hygiene practice sum up with the lack of parental control. Prevention of female-genital infection through behavioral change is mandatory but the changes in behavior are not an effortless thing. There are underlying constructs that predispose the behavior as described in the Integrated Behavior Model (IBM). Dealing with those constructs will facilitate the change of behavior. However, there was no exact tool for assessing construct that determines the female-genital infection preventive behavior, especially for Islamic boarding school female-student population. That was the major reason for the Female-genital Infection Preventive Behavior Tool (FgIPBT) development. We generated a tool based on IBM constructs and the Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology (INSDV) recommendation regarding genital infection preventive behavior. A deductive method of item generation, expert judgments, and internal consistency test involved 143 female-student from 3 different Islamic boarding schools was done to generate a valid and reliable tool. Total 177 valid items composed on the first phase and two different arrangements of items has subjected the reliability on the second phase. Items that were arranged based on behavior items and assessed every IBM construct (Type 1) had higher reliability value than items that were arranged based on IBM construct for all behavior items (Type 2). Assessing different construct for each point of behavior at the same time generate more reliable data than assessing the same construct for all points of behavior.

Effectiveness of Visual Merchandising on Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Study of Reliance Digital, Puttur, DK

Purpose: In this networked world, the buyer's purchase decisions are influenced by the arrangement and presentation of items in the store. Nowadays, the furniture and furnishing types have become more viable in the retail industry. Many new businesses are entering into the organized format of retail in this category. Hence the retailers need to differentiate themselves from each other. As the products are similar, it is necessary to differentiate themselves by presenting them with visual merchandising. Objective: The core objective of this work is to study the influence of visual merchandising on consumer purchase patterns based on store attributes. Another objective of this study is to know the dimensions which influence the purchase behavior or decision of the consumers, Design/Methodology/Approach: For this analysis, we have considered many online sources, namely websites and blogs, which guide and review display merchandising. Percentages, charts, diagrams are being used to present the tabular data. Findings/Result: It is found that variables like store appearance, lighting, music, window display, mannequins, and price tags have an impact on the purchase choice of consumers, as per the changing need of consumer the retailer should always try to maximize the quantity of new merchandising relating to the trend. The store must adopt a congenial store atmosphere to attract a maximum number of customers and retain them in their business for long. Originality/Value: Through the help of primary and secondary data, the study revealed that male youngster customers are more frequently visiting the store. The study reveals that the seating arrangement inside the store is not sufficient. The majority of the customer is visiting Reliance Digital to buy some specific product. Spot purchase activities are happening very rarely. Paper Type: Visual Merchandising on Consumer buying behaviour at Reliance Digital is a case study analysis work.

Mood in Language: A Lexico-syntactic Analysis of Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) Covid-19 Sensitisation SMS

Using data from widely circulated SMSes from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), this paper provides a lexical-syntactic analysis of language use by a government agency during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. The framework used for the analysis is dyadic, encompassing tenets from semantic theory (which deals extensively with lexical choices as well as the determination of the meanings attached to them) and Systemic Functional Grammar. The analysis reveals that a writer’s selection of lexical items in a particular text is a reflection of his mood. This plays a significant and important role in the writer’s arrangement of the lexical items into peculiar sentence patterns in the text. Mood which is a system at the deep structure of Systemic Functional Grammar determines, to a very large extent, the language a writer employs in a text. Repetition in NCDC COVID-19 sensitisation messages is used to emphasize the importance of such words. It is meant to further convince the general public that only self-efforts or actions can prevent the spread of COVID-19 as majority of the repeated words are action stimulated words (verbs).

The lean manufacturing system applied to an auto parts industry in the heavy vehicles segment

This paper aims to demonstrate how the adoption of a continuous improvement program, based on lean manufacturing tools, can benefit the production of automotive filters for heavy vehicles, considering improved productivity and reduced operational waste, with a consequent increase in effectiveness and cost reduction. In this study we used the lean manufacturing tools, mainly kaizen and value stream mapping. During its development, the application of a kaizen project in a production line of automotive filters for heavy vehicles, aimed obtaining increased productivity and better distribution of physical space, through the reduction of rework time, reduction of downtime due to maintenance and reduction of setup time. The use of lean manufacturing tools, through the instruments presented in this study, guaranteed the viability of improvements in the productive sector. This work allowed the observation of a consistent improvement in production capacity, with productivity increase, through the improvement of the operational time and reduction of time of waste. The best distribution of physical space and the best arrangement of items used by the production process were also achieved through the consolidation of two production lines.

The lean manufacturing system applied to an auto parts industry in the heavy vehicles segment

This paper aims to demonstrate how the adoption of a continuous improvement program, based on lean manufacturing tools, can benefit the production of automotive filters for heavy vehicles, considering improved productivity and reduced operational waste, with a consequent increase in effectiveness and cost reduction. In this study we used the lean manufacturing tools, mainly kaizen and value stream mapping. During its development, the application of a kaizen project in a production line of automotive filters for heavy vehicles, aimed obtaining increased productivity and better distribution of physical space, through the reduction of rework time, reduction of downtime due to maintenance and reduction of setup time. The use of lean manufacturing tools, through the instruments presented in this study, guaranteed the viability of improvements in the productive sector. This work allowed the observation of a consistent improvement in production capacity, with productivity increase, through the improvement of the operational time and reduction of time of waste. The best distribution of physical space and the best arrangement of items used by the production process were also achieved through the consolidation of two production lines.

Implementation of Revised Bloom Taxonomy in Developing Chemistry Questions in the Domain of Knowledge

The application of the revised Bloom's taxonomy in the development of chemistry problems in the domain of knowledge is still difficult for some chemistry teachers. This paper is a practical study of the preparation of learning objectives and the development of chemical items by applying the revised Bloom's taxonomy which includes three domains, namely knowledge (cognitive), attitude (affective), and skills (psychomotor). This paper is focused on the preparation of learning objectives and the development of chemistry items for the assessment of the domain of knowledge which includes the levels of remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The six cognitive processes are sequential from the lowest cognitive processes to the highest cognitive processes called C1-C6 cognition processes. The methodology in this paper consists of three steps, namely examining the meaning of each level of cognition in the revised Bloom taxonomy, developing learning objectives that are in accordance with the cognitive level being studied and continuing with the arrangement of the problem items in chemistry subjects. The strengths of this study are very helpful for chemistry teachers in developing learning objectives and chemistry questions in the domain of knowledge based on the revised Bloom taxonomy, because this study is equipped with descriptions of each cognitive process, examples of learning objectives and appropriate question items. Examples of questions given in this paper are multiple choice types and essay tests, because each type of question has its advantages. The result of this study is that the application of the revised Bloom's taxonomy to the development of chemical problems requires an understanding of each level of the cognitive level in the revised Bloom's taxonomy, as the basis for developing learning objectives and the appropriate problem questions.

A leftward bias for the arrangement of consumer items that differ in attractiveness

ABSTRACT People are frequently biased to use left-side information more than right-side information to inform their perceptual judgements. This research examined whether the leftward bias also applied to preferences for the arrangement of everyday consumer items. Pairs of consumer items were created where one item was more attractive than the other item. Using a two-alternative forced choice task, Experiment 1 found a robust preference for arrangements with the more attractive consumer item on the left side rather than the right side of a pair. Experiment 2 reversed the judgement decision, with participants asked to choose the arrangement they least preferred, and a bias for arrangements with the more attractive item on the right side emerged. Experiment 3 failed to find an effect of the “attractive left” preference on participants’ purchasing intentions. The preference for attractive left arrangements has implications for the display of consumer products and for the aesthetic arrangement of objects in general. The findings are discussed in relation to hemispheric asymmetries in processing and the role of left to right scanning.