Furniture Arrangement Research Articles

The Vienna Room: A Melbourne Interior by Maggie Edmond, 2018

ABSTRACT The subject of this paper is a living-room designed by Melbourne architect Maggie Edmond for her own use. Labelled on the plan Vienna Room, it forms part of a 2018 renovation of Edmond’s inner-city house in the Melbourne suburb of Carlton. Contextualised within recent studies of Australian interiors that use innovative forms of research and publication – exhibition, house biography, illustration – and referencing the work of Edward Hollis and Mario Praz, the paper employs the methodology of thick description, with some reference to iconology. This mode of research foregrounds the writing of the author/viewer as a locus of meaning, rather than, say, an imposed theoretical proposition. The room is treated as a pictorial device in which, it is argued, the architect’s arrangement of paintings, furniture, books, and decorative objects can be understood as a “family album,” a staging of personal and family heritage. The approach suits the aims of the paper which are, on the one hand, to explore the application of thick description to architectural interiors and on the other, to suggest how the Vienna Room might reflect back on Edmond’s practice as a founding partner of one of Melbourne’s most celebrated architectural firms, Edmond and Corrigan.

OPTIMIZATION OF LIGHTING INTENSITY IN BATAM PUBLIC LIBRARY READING ROOM

Lighting is one of the most critical components that support human life and other living creature. Poor illumination can impede users’ ability to use a building or space effectively. Library is one of the places that require good light spread so that users feel comfortable when doing activities in it. The Batam City public library is a library located on the fourth floor of the Batam City joint office. This library only has four small apertures in the form of windows for a 13.2 meter x 9 meter area, therefore sunlight cannot distribute evenly. Therefore, one solution to ensure that the library room has a suitable distribution of light is to employ artificial lighting. According to a questionnaire distributed to visitors and staff of Batam City public libraries, 82.4% of respondents believed that lighting in Batam City public libraries was still inadequate. This study used data from direct field observations, interviews with staff and library visitors, questionnaire distribution, and literature review. This research uses quantitative methods by calculating light intensity through the simulation of dialux software. Simulations were carried out in the catalogue room and the library reading room. Changing the colour of the wall surface, the furniture arrangement and the lights' placement are some experiments done to provide a good distribution of light. This study aims to evaluate and obtain lighting simulation results for the public library in Batam City that adheres to the SNI standard (300 LUX).

ActFloor-GAN: Activity-Guided Adversarial Networks for Human-Centric Floorplan Design.

We present a novel two-stage approach for automated floorplan design in residential buildings with a given exterior wall boundary. Our approach has the unique advantage of being human-centric, that is, the generated floorplans can be geometrically plausible, as well as topologically reasonable to enhance resident interaction with the environment. From the input boundary, we first synthesize a human-activity map that reflects both the spatial configuration and human-environment interaction in an architectural space. We propose to produce the human-activity map either automatically by a pre-trained generative adversarial network (GAN) model, or semi-automatically by synthesizing it with user manipulation of the furniture. Second, we feed the human-activity map into our deep framework ActFloor-GAN to guide a pixel-wise prediction of room types. We adopt a re-formulated cycle-consistency constraint in ActFloor-GAN to maximize the overall prediction performance, so that we can produce high-quality room layouts that are readily convertible to vectorized floorplans. Experimental results show several benefits of our approach. First, a quantitative comparison with prior methods shows superior performance of leveraging the human-activity map in predicting piecewise room types. Second, a subjective evaluation by architects shows that our results have compelling quality as professionally-designed floorplans and much better than those generated by existing methods in terms of the room layout topology. Last, our approach allows manipulating the furniture placement, considers the human activities in the environment, and enables the incorporation of user-design preferences.

Penerapan Konsep Arsitektur Perilaku pada Perancangan Sekolah Luar Biasa di Banda Aceh

Pendidikan mempunyai peranan sangat penting dalam pengembangan diri dan kelangsungan hidup manusia, pendidikan dapat membantu manusia menuju kedewasaan, demikian juga bagi penyandang disabilitas, Pendidikan bagi penyandang disabilitas dapat membantu mengasah kecerdasan, keterampilan serta kemandirian dalam melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari dan sekolah luar biasa merupakan salah satu sarana Pendidikan untuk anak-anak disabilitas. Menurut profil anak kebutuhan khusus di Provinsi Aceh, pada tahun 2016 terdapat 484 anak disabilitas dan 7 sekolah luar biasa di Banda Aceh yang masih kekurangan dari segi sarana dan prasarana. Oleh karena itu, perlunya perancangan sekolah luar biasa biasa di Banda Aceh sebagai sarana Pendidikan yang aman dan nyaman bagi anak-anak penyandang disabilitas. Untuk mencapai kenyamanan dan keamanan bagi anak-anak penyandang disabilitas, Penerapan pendekatan arsitektur perilaku pada rancangan sekolah luar biasa sebagai respon desain dari perilaku khusus anak-anak penyandang disabilitas, yang pada dasarnya memiliki perilaku berbeda dari perilaku masyarakat pada umumnya. Penerapan pendekatan arsitektur perilaku meliputi penataan massa bangunan, sirkulasi, ruang, texture, warna, suara, perabotan dan penataannya.

Применение генеративного дизайна при расчете параметров солнечного воздействия

In this paper, the analysis of the sunlight intensity by computer modeling using generative design technologies is performed. The method of automatic placement of office premises using the machine learning method in the Rhinoceros 3D software package using Rhino Grasshopper, Ladybug and Honeybee tools is considered. An algorithm has been created that can automate the placement of premises taking into account solar heating from solar radiation as a criterion for the environment comfort, and analyze the parameters of thermal exposure from solar radiation for each premise. The data obtained can be used in the arrangement of furniture in the workspace and the choice of methods of solar exposure protection, as well as for thermal calculation.

Retracted] Display and Analysis of Virtual 3D Technology in Interior Design

People are not satisfied with the two‐dimensional technology, and three‐dimensional virtual technology gradually enters every aspect of people’s daily life: medical treatment, education, social interaction, vision, and so on. Virtual 3D technology brings a lot of convenience to people’s lives and plays a core role in indoor scene design and layout. It enables users to see their own virtual indoor furniture and vegetation layout in advance and select and modify their own needs. We put forward several characteristics of indoor furniture selection and placement, such as no space restriction, interactivity and fault tolerance, and advanced display. We construct the basic algorithm of image transformation registration detection and finally optimize the basic algorithm with three different deep learning algorithm models, and get that the convolution layer neural network algorithm is superior to the other two models not only in the selection and placement of virtual furniture but also in the layout design of virtual vegetation landscape. Finally, for image defect detection, we compare the time cost of three models, which further shows that the convolution layer combined with image transformation technology model is fast and efficient.

Enhancing displacement ventilation performance: Proposal of a new portable air purifying displacement ventilation unit

Displacement Ventilation (DV) has been known as an energy saving system as it relies on buoyancy force to draw hot air upwards to be displaced by cool air. The main strength of DV that recommends it nowadays is that a well-designed DV system prevents mixing of contaminants as they are dragged along the hot air upward flow leaving the occupied zone, breathing zone in particular, clean. However, the system’s effectiveness is lowered in large rooms due to design problem such as difficult balance between sufficient supply flow volume and low inlet velocity, furniture arrangement acting as obstacles, or room geometry. Hence, DV feasibility is limited to small and mid-size rooms. In order to expand the DV potential and applicability to all space types and sizes, this study proposes a portable DV air purifying unit. The unit is designed to be mobile consisting of air recycling unit with no duct connections which widens the range of use to cover a variety of indoor spaces as well as small to medium sized room. The unit has two main functions, one is reinforcing the temperature gradient as stratification crucial for DV, and the second is purifying recycled air. To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed DV unit, block model calculations and CFD analysis were conducted. In a basic office room, multiple cases were calculated and assessed in terms of temperature distribution and stratification height. In addition, exhaled contaminants were simulated and the contaminant concentration was used as an indicator for the air quality. Observations on the proposed unit’s performance and design aspects were highlighted.

Progettare e utilizzare spazi di apprendimento innovativi: cosa hanno da dire gli insegnanti

As many schools are moving towards more innovative learning environments, there is an ongoing need for evidence about how teachers and students use these innovative spaces to enhance learning. While innovative learning environments have been characterised as spaces that are more flexible, with ubiquitous technology and the ability to reconfigure space dependent on the learning task, there is no universal definition of what constitutes a truly ‘innovative’ learning environment because each school context is unique. Consequently, how innovative learning environment designs are used in practice will vary depending on the needs of students, teachers and school communities. The Plans to Pedagogy project, developed by the University of Melbourne’s Learning Environments Applied Research Network (LEaRN) team, is exploring the educational issues school leaders and teachers identify as they transition to and use innovative learning environments. It acknowledges that no two schools are the same, and each school has unique spatial challenges. Plans to Pedagogy, embedded in a range primary and secondary schools across Australia and New Zealand, has eight current projects. Each school is assigned a LEaRN academic who works with a small teaching team to co-design and implement a research project targeting the school’s identified spatial challenge. The eight current projects focus on issues such as promoting student agency and developing 21st century learning skills in students, mapping collaborative teaching practices, assessing the impact of furniture on student engagement, and supporting the transition of teachers’ pedagogy as they move from traditional to innovative environments. As each has a unique focus, the research methods used differ case to case. However, a common principle is that each case needs to build evidence that is disseminated to the school community, with the aim of sharing learning to support teachers’ and students’ praxis in innovative learning environments. To examine this further, this paper will briefly overview each of the current eight Plans to Pedagogy projects to give a sense of the scope and focus of issues faced by teachers in schools in terms of using their learning environments well. It will then focus on two projects for a deeper examination that will illustrate how the researcher/school partnership operates. The first is the journey of a large composite primary-secondary school, where the staff are exploring how their complex student cohort is using their open-plan new build to assist an adventurous student-centred curriculum approach. The second case study is an example of a retrofit project in a rural primary school, where teachers kept their existing classrooms but changed the furniture in their rooms from traditional desks and chairs to flexible furniture arrangements, exploring the impact of this change on student engagement and teachers’ pedagogy. The paper makes the case that Plans to Pedagogy warrants close examination by others working in this field as each project starts by identifying schools’ unique spatial challenges, it builds research expertise of staff in these schools, and it supports these actions by aligning a specialist learning environments researcher to ensure robust methods and results that directly impact school improvement.

Improving indoor air quality in primary school buildings through optimized apertures and classroom furniture layouts

This study aimed to examine the influences of the opened to total aperture area (the O/A ratio) and furniture arrangements in a naturally ventilated classroom’s internal ventilation and PM 2.5 deposition. For the experiments, four cases were established for the O/A ratio and layout. Computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) was validated and applied, using the ANSYS Fluent software, to determine the velocity and concentration of PM 2.5 in the primary school classroom. The results indicated that different furniture arrangements and O/A ratios affected the air velocities and PM 2.5 concentrations, and could improve indoor air quality. The furniture arrangement affected the PM 2.5 concentration at a height of 0–1.6 m, and concentrations at the inlet and outlet, as well as near the classroom wall, which were higher than that in the center. The U-shaped layout reduced the concentrations of PM 2.5 and the natural air in the classroom, yielding a minimum vertex in the middle of the classroom, particularly in the breathing zone of elementary students. Moreover, the indoor PM 2.5 concentration increased, with an increasing ratio of apertures in the classroom. An O/A ratio of 1 corresponded to the highest air velocity and PM 2.5 concentration in the classroom, with high turbulence in the middle. A ratio of 0.25 corresponded to the least PM 2.5 concentration in the classroom, particularly at below 2 m. Thus, applying the optimized results, an O/A ratio of 0.25 and the U-shaped furniture layout, to a classroom significantly lowered its PM 2.5 concentrations. • Primary school students are severely affected by air pollution in Chiang Mai. • Inexpensive and facile strategies necessary for reducing the PM2.5 concentrations. • Effects of the O/A ratio and furniture layouts on PM2.5 deposition are studied. • Computational fluid dynamics was applied employing the Ansys Fluent software. • Optimized results significantly lowered the PM2.5 concentrations of the room.

The Impact of Furniture Arrangement upon Experiential Learning in Architectural Design Studios, with Reference to Cairo, Egypt

Architectural education is one of the most special and complex disciplines that need specific spatial requirements. Architectural design studio is the backbone of architectural education for that the setting of the studio affects the students' productivity; it should suit the learning process and activities to help the students. Yet, many studios follow the traditional grid setting. The experiential learning cycle developed by Kolb is known to be an effective educational strategy in architecture and consists of four stages which are concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation that balance input and output data through learning activities. In order to fully acquire the requirements of the experiential learning cycle, there are spatial requirements that should be taken into consideration, one of which a seating arrangement is a common factor that can balance the tangible and non-tangible factors. The aim of the study is to test the impact of the four seating arrangements on Kolb's learning activities to figure out the most appropriate arrangement for each activity to realize the highest levels of productivity in the studio. The study was carried out at four universities in Cairo, Egypt (two private-two public). An online survey was completed by 322 participants from 3rd, 4th, and 5th year undergraduate students and staff members. The results were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS software. They suggest that the seating arrangement can be easily changed to suit the users' needs that a centralized/u-shaped arrangement is best for eight activities. The radial arrangement was best for four activities, while clustered arrangement was best for two activities, and a grid arrangement was best for four activities. There are some limitations of this study, as the study was done with the existing physical factors: if there was the possibility to change some of the physical factors, it may have affected some of the results according to the participants' preferences. It is hoped that the findings of the study may help architecture educators and administrators take more appropriate decisions regarding the seating arrangement in architectural design studios, in relation to different learning activities towards realizing more desirable outcomes.

Understanding Multi-View Collaboration between Augmented Reality and Remote Desktop Users

Establishing an effective collaboration between augmented-reality (AR) and remote desktop users is a challenge because collaborators do not share a common physical space and equipment. Yet, such asymmetrical collaboration configurations are common today for many design tasks, due to the geographical distance of people or unusual circumstances such as a lockdown. We conducted a first study to investigate trade-offs of three remote representations of an AR workspace: a fully virtual representation, a first-person view, and an external view. Building on our findings, we designed ARgus, a multi-view video-mediated communication system that combines these representations through interactive tools for navigation, previewing, pointing, and annotation. We report on a second user study that observed how 12 participants used ARgus to provide remote instructions for an AR furniture arrangement task. Participants extensively used its view transition tools, while the system reduced their reliance on verbal instructions.

Investigating the Impact of Educational Space Design in Fostering Social Distancing: A Case Study of the University of Technology Buildings, Iraq

In the light of the ongoing outbreak of epidemics, the Iraqi government ordered the temporary closure of university buildings and explicit compliance with social distancing, fearing increased infection rates among the large numbers of students. This closure, and the fear of infection, acted as an obstacle for users of educational spaces. To overcome this challenge, the study aimed to investigate the impact of educational space design on the effectiveness of social distancing to reduce the spread of epidemics. The shape, area, and furniture arrangement pattern were determined in the study of educational spaces design as a spatial configuration through the level of wayfinding and permeability. To better understand the relationship between the design of the current educational spaces and the effectiveness of social distancing, this study used a visual survey, field visits, and a quantitative method using a space syntax analysis. And the analysis was carried out on various models of educational spaces design in three elected samples of the buildings of the Technological University Baghdad, Iraq. The analysis values were represented in quantitative tables to illustrate the values of the space syntax attributes and charts showing measures of permeability and wayfinding in all the analysed models. The study results show an impact and a close relationship between the elements of educational space design as a spatial composition and the effectiveness of social distancing. This relationship is formed by the effect of the shape, space, and furniture arrangement pattern in changing the values of spatial space relationships. Furthermore, permeability and wayfinding as spatial characteristics depend on those relationships and control users’ circulation within the educational space, which is essential in determining the effectiveness of social distancing.

Analysis of the Evacuation Time based on the Desk Spacing Used by Internet Computer Gaming Facility Providers

This study aims to measure changes in the evacuation time with respect to the desk spacing used by internet computer gaming facility providers using an evacuation simulation program and to analyze the results. Currently, the “Special Act on the Safety Management of Multi-Use Businesses” only regulates the width of the internal evacuation passage. There is no regulation on the width of the evacuation space as determined by the arrangement of furniture in internet computer gaming facilities. Considering this, the evacuation times for evacuation passage widths of 190, 210, 230, and 260 cm were compared and analyzed considering various variables of the facility space. The results show that there is a large difference in the evacuation time, ranging from 166.0 s to 154.0 s, as the passage width increases from the minimum to the maximum. With the increasing popularity of internet gaming facilities and considering the safety of the evacuees, it is necessary to draft regulations on the width of new evacuation spaces during the deployment of internet computer gaming facilities.

공공북카페의 공간특성과 이용행태 분석

The number of cafes as one of the typical ‘the Third place’ has been dramatically increased. Multi-purpose cafes include functions of the workplace, library, showroom, shop, and gallery. Some typical activities in cafes are working or conversation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the physical characteristics of book cafes and user’s behavioral patterns adjacent to public municipal office areas. For this study, an unobtrusive direct observation method was employed in two cases. Data analysis was conducted to identify physical characteristics (circulation, spatial layout, furniture arrangement) and interior design features (image, shape, material finishes, color, lighting, and natural elements) and behavioral types (conversation, rest, reading, work, and waiting). The target area, which was an idle space in front of the district office’s civil service office, was created as a public book cafe and turned into rest and cultural space freely available to residents and district office employees, and various activities were observed. When a cafe area is combined with a book library, visitors are scattered and use evenly throughout the whole area, while the cafe zone is separated from the library areas, more visitors prefer to staying cafe zone. Duration time may be related to furniture arrangement rather than spatial openness or separation. Social activities such as conversation more frequently took place in open and secured with privacy. Individual visitors for work usually occupied separated and more enclosed areas.

Self-powered air purifier with coupling of non-thermal plasma and photocatalytic oxidation for formaldehyde degradation based on triboelectric nanogenerator

The emission of various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) caused by indoor decoration and furniture placement are the causes of health hazards in people's lives. Here, we demonstrate a self-powered air purifier for indoor organic pollutant removal based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), coupling non-thermal plasma (NTP) with photocatalytic oxidation (PCO). An adjustable external high voltage field is generated by our homemade TENG, in which the output open-circuit voltage (Voc) ranges from 10 to 30 kV. After connecting the TENG with a non-thermal plasma generator (NTP-G), a maximum ozone concentration of 14.7 mg/m³ and NTP can be generated. The prepared three-dimensional porous framework is used as a photocatalytic layer, which can support more titanium oxide and increase the contact area between the photocatalyst and formaldehyde. This designed self-powered air purifier can reduce the formaldehyde concentration from 2.06 ppm to 0 ppm in 21 min in a 13 L closed air chamber. The design and concept proposed in this work has multiple ways for formaldehyde degradation and are not limited by sunlight, and can remove indoor formaldehyde around the clock, providing an effective way to create a cleaner and healthier indoor environment.

Interior Design Guidelines for Reducing the Negative Impacts of Electromagnetic Fields at Residential Workspace

Pandemic changed human lives, instructions and rules for maintaining social distancing to limit the spread of the virus were imposed. Institutions were forced to adapt working from home mode, the new remote working lifestyle approach emphasizing the strong existence of e-environment facilities (e-learning, e-government, e-commerce) this led to a huge diffusion in the usage of devices that are considered man-made electromagnetic sources in indoor spaces that are poorly designed for long Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF) exposure example of these devices are computers, smartphones, wireless routers, home appliances, and other electronic devices. These EMF sources have several harmful effects on human health, such as stress, headaches, anxiety, and increase risk of cancer. Therefore, this research aims to develop interior design guidelines to reduce the electromagnetic fields negative impacts on the residential workspace in Egypt. First, a qualitative data collecting approach in literature review was conducted then a measurement scale for the protection levels have been defined. Followed by the analytical case studies analysed according to the deduced scale to identify key aspects pertaining to the design for space that reduces (EMF). Research findings provide a guideline for protecting occupants from excessive electrosmog exposure by using light finishing colours, following design standards, right furniture arrangement, ergonomics, relying on natural lighting, ventilation and applying shielding materials.

Neural rendering in a room

We, as human beings, can understand and picture a familiar scene from arbitrary viewpoints given a single image, whereas this is still a grand challenge for computers. We hereby present a novel solution to mimic such human perception capability based on a new paradigm of amodal 3D scene understanding with neural rendering for a closed scene. Specifically, we first learn the prior knowledge of the objects in a closed scene via an offline stage, which facilitates an online stage to understand the room with unseen furniture arrangement. During the online stage, given a panoramic image of the scene in different layouts, we utilize a holistic neural-rendering-based optimization framework to efficiently estimate the correct 3D scene layout and deliver realistic free-viewpoint rendering. In order to handle the domain gap between the offline and online stage, our method exploits compositional neural rendering techniques for data augmentation in the offline training. The experiments on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that our two-stage design achieves robust 3D scene understanding and outperforms competing methods by a large margin, and we also show that our realistic free-viewpoint rendering enables various applications, including scene touring and editing. Code and data are available on the project webpage: https://zju3dv.github.io/nr_in_a_room/.

소비자가 SNS을 통한 플랫형 가구의 자아일치성 및 구매의도에 관한 연구

In recent years, with the popularization of e-commerce and social networks, a culture of sharing content through the Internet has been established. At present, most young people show their ideas or lifestyle through social platforms. In view of this tendency, information search based on picture sharing can quickly and intuitively show the product information and effect. For example, xiaohongshu, INSTAGRAM and other social platforms bring consumers a more comfortable and trustworthy feeling through content and presentation in this form. In addition, consumers want to follow their lifestyle based on similar, aspirational images. Can bring consumers with their own style or I want to have the furniture inspiration, add a new romance and vitality. Today's young people share their lives through social platforms, including the selection, arrangement and type of flat furniture, to intuitively show the product information and effect. Compared with traditional online shopping, it will be greatly improved in terms of credibility and information. This study is mainly aimed at young renters, who are the main groups of social platforms, and flat furniture is the main type of furniture sharing. The convenience and use of renting house can not only meet my aesthetic needs but also meet the use needs. Participants (N=218) conducted an online survey and 218 samples were taken from young people who rented houses. Using SPSS26.0 for data analysis, it is concluded that information, reliability and comprehension have a positive effect on purchasing intent, and that self-consistency can act as a positive adjustment. This study reflects the current demand for furniture for young people who rent their homes, not only through online shopping and offline shopping, but also through sharing of furniture design on SNS, which can arouse consumers' sympathy and purchase intentions.

A Machine Learning and Computer Vision Study of the Environmental Characteristics of Streetscapes That Affect Pedestrian Satisfaction

Pedestrian-friendly cities are a recent global trend due to the various urbanization problems. Since humans are greatly influenced by sight while walking, this study identified the physical and visual characteristics of the street environment that affect pedestrian satisfaction. In this study, vast amounts of visual data were collected and analyzed using computer vision techniques. Furthermore, these data were analyzed through a machine learning prediction model and SHAP algorithm. As a result, every visual feature of the streetscape, for example, the visible area and urban design quality, had a greater effect on pedestrian satisfaction than any physical features. Therefore, to build a street with high pedestrian satisfaction, the perspective of pedestrians must be considered, and wide sidewalks, fewer lanes, and the proper arrangement of street furniture are required. In conclusion, visually, low enclosure, adequate complexity, and large green areas combine to create a highly satisfying pedestrian walkway. Through this study, we could suggest an approach from a visual perspective for the pedestrian environment of the street and see the possibility of using computer vision techniques.

이용자 관점에서의 공공도서관 디지털자료실 실내디자인에 대한 선호도 연구

This study examines the preference for interior design space planning of public library multimedia center users. The spatial arrangement plan of the multimedia center, furniture arrangement by reading seat, bookshelf usage pattern, and preference for interior image were investigated. Preference survey according to user group was classified into target age and digital literacy. This survey went through SPSS statistical analysis. The spatial planning plan without the feeling of alienation of users is presented, and it can be used as basic data for the construction of a multimedia center spatial model that can accommodate various user groups. Targets for case analysis were 13 public libraries in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, from where 310 multimedia center users was analyzed and classified for KDQ. Preference of multimedia center differed according to user