Arrangement Of Columns Research Articles

Power-Efficient Mapping of Large Applications on Modern Heterogeneous FPGAs

The increasing size of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) allows for ever more complex applications to be mapped onto them. However, long design implementation times for large designs can severely affect design productivity. A modular design methodology can improve design productivity in a divide and conqueror fashion but at the expense of degraded performance and power consumption of the resulting implementation. To reduce the dominant power dissipation component in FPGAs, the routing power, methodologies have been proposed that consider data communication between modules during module formation and placement on the FPGA. Selecting proper mapping region on target FPGAs, on the other hand, is becoming a critical process because of the heterogeneous resources and column arrangements in modern FPGAs. Selecting inappropriate FPGA regions for mapping could lead to degraded performance. Hence, we propose a methodology that uses communication-aware module placement, such that modules are mapped by selecting the best shape and region on the FPGA factoring the columnar resource arrangements. Additionally, techniques for module locking and splitting have been proposed for deterministic convergence of the algorithm and for improved module placement. This methodology exhibits nearly 19% routing power reduction with respect to commercial CAD flows without any degradation in achievable performance.

Eye tracking analysis of airport flight information display system (FIDS) to improve the information search efficiency

Air transportation is one mode of transport with a large economic contribution to Indonesia (38,12%). The airport must ensure to provide the best service, especially the efficiency of information given. Flight Information Display System (FIDS) is one substantial information system in the airport and aims to increase communication efficiency about the flight information. Based on the preliminary research, the airport’s FIDS showed different visual design one to another. Therefore, this research aims to analyze it to improve information search efficiency. The research used full factorial design as the experimental design method, eye tracker as the data gathering, and mixed-design ANOVA with post hoc test as the data analysis. We involved 3 factors that have a strong correlation with FIDS searching time efficiency: color combination of background and text, row arrangement, and column arrangement. As the measure, time to first fixation and total fixation used to indicate the information search efficiency. Data analysis generated 2 variables that improved information search efficiency on both data, except the row arrangement (only on Total Fixation data). The intended variable levels are dark color background and light color text, row arrangement based on the alphabetic order of the “Flight” column, and column arrangement “Flight-Time-Destination”.

Evaluation of High Land Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Meonch) Varieties for Yield Performance

Despite of biotic and abiotic stress, the yield performance of crop varieties is affected by environment and Genotype by Environment interaction, which is the major challenge to plant breeders while developing improved varieties. In Ethiopia, high yielding, and stable varieties that withstand disease in the highland areas are limited. In view of this, the yield performance of nine sorghum varieties and one standard check were tested at three environments with the objectives of identifying the best performing and adapting varieties across environments. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with Row Column arrangement and three replications. The combined analysis of variance across environments showed highly significant (P<0.001) difference among environments, genotypes and interactions for grain yield, days to flowering and plant height studied. Based on generalized linear model showed that variety Jiru, and variety Chiro and variety Dibaba were the high yielders, while variety Fendisha-1 and Variety Muyra-2 were the lower ones. From farmers’ point of view, during evaluation based on their traits of interest (yield, plant biomass, head compactness, seed size, and seed color) variety Jiru was superior yield and adaptable, and therefore, recommended in the study areas. Generally, this study revealed the importance of evaluating released sorghum varieties for their yield and adaptability across diverse highland areas of Ethiopia. Keywords: Sorghum, Analysis of Variance, Genotype by environment interaction DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/11-23-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

Separation of middle boiling trace compounds by distillation: An investigation of practical implications of complex column arrangements on an industrial methanol distillation case study

AbstractThe drive to achieve greater energy efficiencies is well‐established in the fine chemical industries with distillation processes being a key focus due to their disproportionate energy consumption totaling more than 40% of the overall plant. The objective of this paper is to specifically focus on the energy efficiency benefits that would be realized by employing intensified distillation column configurations on a high purity, multicomponent, high recovery industrial methanol distillation where a middle boiling trace ethanol component must be managed to ensure on specification production (<10 ppm wt. ethanol in product and <5 ppm impurities in bottoms). Based on technology maturity constraints, five column configurations were selected for further analysis, comprising a direct synthesis configuration, a side draw column, a Petlyuk inspired recovery column arrangement, a divided wall column, and a cut divided wall column. These configurations were then simulated on an industrial process simulator where all configurations were able to match the strict industrial product specifications and design limits. The energy usage of the column configurations was improved through a systematic analysis, and the results revealed that all intensified columns have a superior energy usage compared to the direct synthesis configuration but with the gains limited to only 3%. An unbiased consideration of the energy efficiency results, together with other external factors including cost of capital and operability, shows that the recovery column configuration would be the most practical choice despite the presence of the divided wall column configuration which represents a greater level of intensification and integration.

Improving Room Carrying Capacity within Built Environments in the Context of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic that has struck the world since March 2019 has established an unusual modus operandi for all of us. During this transient situation, some of the activities have been severely altered, especially those which are performed in indoor spaces such as classrooms, restaurants, or libraries. As physical distance is mandatory in most countries, the capacity of these places has been severely reduced, causing unsustainable economic and logistical issues. This work aims to analyze the possible ways of distributing seats in symmetrical spaces for different uses and room sizes. For that purpose, the classical seat arrangement in rows and columns is compared with an equilateral triangle-based seat pattern, which is proposed as a better solution in most cases. Results show that a greater number of seats is achieved in most situations using the proposed patterns, with mean increases of 13% and peaks from 25% to 50% in some specific circumstances. A discussion about an optimized layout, shape and size of the furniture used in multiple seat tables is included. The outcome shall generate a positive impact on schools, colleges, restaurants, libraries, and similar built environments where seating capacity is crucial.

New Carboniferous ophiuroid from central coastal New South Wales

The ophiuroid Bronthaster retus gen. et sp. nov. is described from a single specimen preserved as external dorsal and ventral moulds, and is assigned to the Protasteridae. It occurs in the Namurian (Levipustula levis Zone) Yagon Siltstone of the Myall Lakes district of central coastal New South Wales. This rock unit forms part of the structurally designated Myall Block at the southeastern coastal termination of the Tamworth Belt. This new genus is the first stelleroid to be described from the Carboniferous in Australia. Most distinctive of the new genus is the arrangement of many small, subrhomboidal to subpentagonal, overlapping ossicles on the dorsal surface of the arms. The clearly exhibited tight relationship between successive ambulacrals in one column in ventral view suggests that some revision of previously inferred relationships within ambulacral columns in protasterids is required. The position of prominent toehooks on each ambulacral ossicle shows that they functioned to prevent lateral movement of the ambulacral column, operating in conjunction with the strong longitudinal musculature to allow arm flexure in the horizontal plane. This feature could potentially identify, within the Protasteridae, an evolutionary lineage that proceeded through the middle Palaeozoic and maintained the linear arrangement of the ambulacral columns using the toehooks, rather than fusion of the ambulacral ossicles across the arm axis. Peter A. Jell [amjell@bigpond.com] and Alex G. Cook, School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.

DWnt4 and DWnt10 Regulate Morphogenesis and Arrangement of Columnar Units via Fz2/PCP Signaling in the Drosophila Brain

Columns are structural and functional units of the brain. However, the mechanism of column formation remains unclear. The medulla of the fly visual center shares features with the mammalian cerebral cortex, such as columnar and layered structures, and provides a good opportunity to study the mechanisms of column formation. Column formation is initiated by three core neurons in the medulla, namely, Mi1, R8, and R7. The proper orientation of neurons is required for the orientation and arrangement of multiple columns. Their orientations may be under the control of planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, because it is known to regulate the orientation of cells in two-dimensional tissue structures. In this study, we demonstrate that the ligands DWnt4 and DWnt10 expressed specifically in the ventral medulla and dorsal medulla, respectively, globally regulate the columnar arrangement and orientation of Mi1 and R8 terminals through Fz2/PCP signaling in a three-dimensional space.

Comparison of the performance of oscillating water column devices based on arrangements of water columns

The hydrodynamic performance of oscillating water column (OWC) depends on the depth of the water, the size of the water column and its arrangement, which affects the oscillation of the water surface in the column. An experimental method was conducted by testing 4 water depths with wave periods of 1-3 s. All data recorded by the sensor is then processed and presented in graphical form. The research focused on analyzing the difference in wave power absorption capabilities of the three geometric types of OWC based on arrangements of water columns. The OWC devices designed as single water column, the double water column in a series arrangement which was perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, and double water column in which the arrangement of columns was parallel to the direction of wave propagation. This paper discussed several factors affecting the amount of power absorbed by the device. The factors are the ratio of water depth in its relation to wavelength (kh) and the inlet openings ratio (c/h) of the devices. The test results show that if the water depth increases in the range of kh 0.7 to 0.9, then the performance of the double chamber oscillating water column (DCOWC) device is better than the single chamber oscillating water column (SCOWC) device with maximum efficiency for the parallel arrangement 22,4%, series arrangement 20.8% and single column 20.7%. However, when referring to c/h, the maximum energy absorption efficiency for a single column is 27.7%, double column series arrangement is 23.2%, and double column parallel arrangement is 29.5%. Based on the results of the analysis, DCOWC devices in parallel arrangement showed the ability to absorb better wave power in a broader range of wave frequencies. The best wave of power absorption in the three testing models occurred in the wave period T = 1.3 seconds.

Disorganization of chondrocyte columns in the growth plate does not aggravate experimental osteoarthritis in mice

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease mainly affecting articular cartilage (AC) with a relevant biomechanical component. During endochondral ossification growth plate (GP) chondrocytes arrange in columns. GPs do not ossify in skeletally mature rodents. In neonatal mice, an altered joint loading induces GP chondrocyte disorganization. We aimed to study whether experimental OA involves GP disorganization in adult mice and to assess if it may have additional detrimental effects on AC damage. Knee OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in wild-type (WT) adult mice, and in Tamoxifen-inducible Ellis-van-Creveld syndrome protein (Evc) knockouts (EvccKO), used as a model of GP disorganization due to Hedgehog signalling disruption. Chondrocyte column arrangement was assessed in the tibial GP and expressed as Column Index (CI). Both DMM-operated WT mice and non-operated-EvccKO showed a decreased CI, indicating GP chondrocyte column disarrangement, although in the latter, it was not associated to AC damage. The most severe GP chondrocyte disorganization occurred in DMM-EvccKO mice, in comparison to the other groups. However, this altered GP structure in DMM-EvccKO mice did not exacerbate AC damage. Further studies are needed to confirm the lack of interference of GP alterations on the analysis of AC employing OA mice.

An Immunosensor for the Detection of ULBP2 Biomarker.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a global health problem that features a very high mortality rate. The UL16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2) is a new biomarker for PC detection. This study develops a simple, reliable, and inexpensive immunosensor for the detection of the ULBP2 antigen while also investigating the effects of an array configuration of connected sensors and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the immunosensor’s sensitivity. The ULBP2 antibody was immobilized onto the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surfaces of three different sensors: a simple SPCE (ULBP2-SPCE); an SPCE array, which is a series of identical SPCE connected to each other at different arrangements of rows and columns (ULBP2-SPCE-1x2 and ULBP2-SPCE-1x3); and an SPCE combined with ZnO nanoparticles (ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE). Impedance spectrum measurements for the immunosensors to ULBP2 antigen were conducted and compared. According to the result, the array configurations (ULBP2-SPCE-1x2 and ULBP2-SPCE-1x3) show an improvement of sensitivity compared to the ULBP2-SPCE alone, but the improvement is not as significant as that of the ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE configuration (ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE > ULBP2-SPCE: 18 times larger). The ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE immunosensor has a low limit of detection (1 pg/mL) and a high sensitivity (332.2 Ω/Log(pg/mL)), excellent linearity (R2 = 0.98), good repeatability (coefficients of variation = 5.03%), and is stable in long-term storage (retaining 95% activity after 28 days storage). In an array configuration, the immunosensor has an increased signal-to-noise ratio (ULBP2-SPCE-1x3 > ULBP2-SPCE: 1.5-fold) and sensitivity (ULBP2-SPCE-1x3 > ULBP2-SPCE: 2.6-fold). In conclusion, either the modification with ZnO nanoparticles onto the sensor or the use of an array configuration of sensors can enhance the immunosensor’s sensitivity. In this study, the best immunosensor for detecting ULBP2 antigens is the ULBP2-ZnO/SPCE immunosensor.

Structural Optimization for Asymmetric Framed Structures without Shear Walls

This paper proposes a method for the preliminary arrangement of columns having variable sizes on an asymmetric plan, such that the resulting structure will have minimum torsion. Asymmetry can be due to shape of the plan as well as arrangement of columns having variable sizes. This study shows the influence of first three modes in determining the structural behavior of RCC framed buildings during earthquake. The time periods were approximately calculated by using 3D-shear-torsion beam method. The optimization was done using Genetic algorithm in Matlab. The seismic performance of general asymmetric structures with uniform square columns were compared with optimized asymmetric structures having columns with variable sizes. The results from pushover analysis showed significant increase in strength and ductility along the direction having torsion.

Load transfer mechanism in geosynthetic reinforced column-supported embankments

The load transfer mechanism of geosynthetic reinforced column-supported embankments is governed predominantly by the soil arching mechanism. A large number of studies found in the literature examine the arching over a rectangular arrangement of columns. However, the load transfer mechanism over a triangular arrangement is not widely investigated. This paper investigates the mechanism of soil arching in an embankment supported by columns in a triangular grid, using 3D numerical models. The column efficacy and settlements were compared between triangular and square grids. A visual boundary of the soil arch above the triangular grid of columns was developed based on the 3D modelling. A parametric study was carried out to investigate the influence of geosynthetic reinforcement, mechanical properties and height of embankment, and strength and configuration of columns (spacing and diameter) on the column efficacy and arch shape. Results show that columns experienced lower settlements and the geosynthetic reinforcement was less effective when the column arrangement was triangular, compared to a square arrangement. The most influential parameter on the column efficacy is column spacing and the second is diameter. Both height and width of the soil arches were changed with column spacing. Only the width of the arch was changed with column diameter.

Simulated moving bed reactor for p-xylene production: Modeling, simulation, and optimization

A Simulated Moving Bed Reactor (SMBR), comprising a homogeneous mixture of adsorbent and catalyst, can overcome the equilibrium constraints in the production of p-xylene (PX). In this proposal, toluene and benzene were respectively considered as desorbent in the process. The arrangement of columns and optimum operating conditions such as switching time and flow rates that lead to maximum p-xylene productivity and minimum desorbent consumption were determined. Several constraints, including maximum pressure drop per bed and purity, were considered. Additionally, the operating temperature was optimized for the first time taking into account the energy consumption within the associated distillation columns; the heat integration involving the distillation columns was also discussed. Finally, toluene showed better performance than benzene as desorbent. For the best case studied, the optimized temperature was 540 K. Moreover, an increase of about 25% in the recovery of PX, compared to the conventional Simulated Moving Bed, was obtained.

Effect of Stress Concentration Ratio on Shear Strength of Soft Soils Improved with Stone Columns

Numerous studies have been performed on the behavior of stone columns subjected to vertical loads. However, little research has been focused on determining the shear strength and equivalent shear strength parameters of cohesive soils reinforced with stone columns. The performed research in this area mostly includes numerical analyses which do not consider the effect of stress concentration ratio, and the value of stress concentration ratio in such analyses is assumed to be 1. In this study, an experimental investigation has been carried out on stone columns subjected to vertical and shear loads, with the purpose of determining the actual value of stress concentration ratio. The experiments were performed in a large direct shear device. In this study, single, square and triangular arrangements of stone columns with three different area replacement ratios under three vertical loads were investigated. Soft clay was used as bed material, and stone column material was either crushed stone or fine-grained sand. Results showed that stress concentration ratio decreased with the increase in stone column diameter and vertical stress and the value of stress concentration ratio is highest for square arrangement and lowest for single stone columns. The equivalent shear parameters obtained from experiments and those predicted by analytical relationships were compared at stress concentration value of 1 and stress concentration values obtained from the experiments. Results also showed that the shear strength value and the equivalent shear strength parameters measured from experiments were higher than those predicted by analytical relationships.

Genetic Variability and Yield Performance of Sorghum

The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with Row Column arrangement and three replications. Grain yield, phenological and other traits were recorded. The Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) combined analysis of variance across locations showed very highly significant (P

Metabolic profiling by reversed-phase/ion-exchange mass spectrometry

Metabolic profiling is commonly achieved by mass spectrometry (MS) following reversed-phase (RP) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) either performed independently, leading to overlapping datasets, or in a coupled configuration, requiring multiple liquid chromatography (LC) systems. To overcome these limitations, we developed a single, 20-minute chromatographic method using an in-line RP-ion-exchange (IEX) column arrangement and a single LC system. This configuration separates clinically significant polar and non-polar compounds without derivatization or ion-pairing reagents, allowing ionization in both polarities. An in-house library was created with 397 authentic standards, including acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, nucleosides, organic acids, steroid hormones, and vitamins. Analysis of pooled plasma and urine samples revealed 5445 and 4111 ion features, leading to 88 and 82 confirmed metabolite identifications, respectively. Metabolites were detected at clinically relevant concentrations with good precision, and good chromatographic separation was demonstrated for clinically significant isomers including methylmalonic acid and succinic acid, as well as alloisoleucine and isoleucine/leucine. Evaluation of the samples by unsupervised principal component analysis showed excellent analytical quality.

English

Multi environment and spatial analysis of early maturing sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes in dry lowland areas of Ethiopia Amare Seyoum1, Amare Nega1, Kedanemaryam Wagaw1, Taye Tadesse2, Diriba Tadesse2, Alemu Tirfessa1, Habte Nida3, Adane Gebereyhones1, Sewmehone Siraw1, Tsegaye Gebremariam4, Chalachew Endalamaw1, Hailemariam Solomon1, Tamirat Bejiga1, Tokuma Legesse1, David Jordan5, Emma Mace5, Daniel Nadew1, Ligaba Ayele1 and Meron Bogale1 1Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkassa Agriculture Research Center, P. O. Box 436, Adama, Ethiopia. 2Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Head Quarter, P. O. Box 2003 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 3Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States. 4Tigray Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), P. O. Box 492, Mekelle, Ethiopia. 5Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Hermitage Research Facility 604 Yangan Rd Warwick QLD 4370, Australia. Received 28 September, 2019; Accepted 31 January, 2020 In Ethiopia, drought usually occur due to delay in onset, dry spell after sowing, drought during critical crop stage (flowering and grain filling stage) and too early cessation of rainfall. These situations can be addressed by developing improved sorghum varieties which are resistance to drought. Developments of sorghum varieties resistant to drought and producing better grain yield while addressing the plant biomass requirement is one of the strategies in the sorghum breeding program in dry lowland environment. A total of 90 early maturing sorghum genotypes were evaluated along with two standard check varieties to estimate the grain yield, plant height, days to flowering, days to maturity and overall agronomic aspects and stability of performance across the test environments. The trial was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in row and column arrangement. Linear mixed model has been used to predict and identify stable and superior varieties across the test environment. Correlations of the trials range from positive +1 to -1 where positive correlation is an indication of similarity among the testing environments while negative correlation is an indication of non-similarity among testing environments. Moreover, using the biplot it was observed that the stability and correlation among testing site where the angle between the two lines measure the strength of correlation. Improvement in heritability has been obtained due to spatial variation using advanced statistical analysis methods without any additional cost. Three genotypes exhibited better yield advantage, higher plant biomass and overall plant aspect including drought tolerance. In addition, these genotypes were preferred by farmers in their overall agronomic desirability (drought tolerance, earliness, head exertion and compactness, grain size and shape and threshability. Also, the national variety releasing committed has evaluated the variety verification trial both on station and farmers’ field condition in 2018/2019 and they decided the release of the candidate variety 14MWLSDT7114 (2005MI5060/E-36-1) for commercial production in dry lowland environment. Key words: Genotype, heritability, mixed model, Spatial analysis, GEI, correlated environment.

Implication of Yield Lines Theory in Method Three of the ACI Code for Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs

Reinforced concrete slabs are one of the most important and complicated elements of a building. For supported edges slabs, if the ratio of long span to short span is equal or less than two then the slab is considered as two-way slab otherwise is consider as one-way slab. Two-way reinforced concrete slabs are common in use in reinforced concrete buildings due to geometrically arrangement of columns suggested by architects who prefer a symmetric distribution of columns in their plans. Elastic theory is usually used for analysis of concrete slabs. However, for several reasons design methods based on elastic principles are limited in their function. Correspondingly, limit state analysis offers a powerful technique for considering such matter. The Yield Lines Theory, which is one of limit state analysis based on expected failure criteria of slabs. The assumed failure criteria is termed by a pattern of yield lines, along that the reinforcement has yielded and the location of which counts loads and boundary conditions. This paper deals with comparison of Method 3 for two-way slabs that was provided by the ACI Code and exact derivation of this method by the Yield Lines Theory. Total of nine cases of slabs that have been described by method three are studied and evaluated by plastic analysis assumptions of the yield lines theory. The results are summarized in terms of proposed formulae that derived according to the Yield Lines Ttheory, which could be used as an alternative method for design of two-way reinforced concrete slabs in the ACI Code.

Base Soil Reinforcement with Vertical Crushed Stone Columns in Cryolithozone

Stabilization of permafrost soils of the roadbed base, constructed with assumption of thawing, thanks to improvement of their strength characteristics, requires development and selection of rational structural and technological solutions. The objective of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of use of vertical columns of crushed stone in the permafrost zone and their influence on strength characteristics of the soil base. The study has used general scientific methods, modeling, simulation and comparative analysis. This article proposes a method for improving strength properties of soil of the roadbed base within Obskaya–Salekhard section of the Northern Latitudinal Railway thanks to reinforcement of the roadbed base made with vertical columns of crushed stone, which increases stability of the structure. The proposed basic technological model of construction of the roadbed includes the following main stages: preparatory stage, 1 stage – arrangement of vertical columns of crushed stone and granular subbases, 2 stage – additional compaction with a vibratory roller in case of mismatch of stability of bearing capacity and precipitation of the base to operating standards. The studied object of the transport infrastructure was simulated both without the use of technology for reinforcing it with vertical columns of crushed stone and with its use. The stability coefficient was calculated, and the theoretical surface of embankment collapse was obtained using Midas GTS NX and Plaxis 2D software packages. The stability test of this structure was carried out both in a flat and in a threedimensional setting. The efficiency of using vertical columns of crushed stone to strengthen the embankments constructed on permafrost soils has been shown.

Classification of Diseases Using a Hybrid Binary Bat Algorithm with Mutual Information Technique

Many features change the results of calculations and change this may be a negative impact on the accuracy of the results, especially if the data used is large. Evolutionary algorithms are used to find the fastest and best way to perform these calculations, such as the bat algorithm (BA) by reducing the dimensions of the search area after changing it from continuous to discrete. In this paper, we will propose a method of linking and conclude the selection of the best and most influential features on the results by neglecting the negative impact features through three stages: the first will be the arrangement of the features columns according to their importance Starting of the most important using mutual information technology and the second stage the process of cutting these features into A certain limit and content with the most important and the calculations using the workbook NAVI_BAIS and then the final stage using the bat algorithm (BBA). The proposed algorithm describes speed, efficiency, and accuracy so that it produces high-precision results based on fewer features