Aronia Research Articles

Optimization of polyphenol extraction from non-edible parts of Aronia melanocarpa for the development of functional bioconvergence materials

Optimization of polyphenol extraction from non-edible parts of Aronia melanocarpa for the development of functional bioconvergence materials

Fondant Candies Enriched with Antioxidants from Aronia Berries and Grape Marc

Aronia berries and grape marc, a by-product of producing wine, are rich in antioxidants. The aim of this work was to study the effects of powders and extracts of aronia berries and grape marc addition on physico-chemical quality indicators, microbiological stability in vitro, and antiradical activity of fondant candies, during storage. In order to obtain the maximum antioxidant activity of the aronia berries and grape marc extracts, the Box-Behnken experimental design was used for optimization of the extraction method using sonication technique. During 35 days of storage, the dry mass fraction of all candies obtained significantly increased, which shows that the fondant candies obtained are stable over time. An important role was played by the antioxidant capacity of the plant materials used, whose chemical composition includes a number of biologically active substances which inhibit the development of microorganisms and allow stabilization of the fondant candies.

Composition, polyphenol bioavailability, and health benefits of aronia berry: a review

Composition, polyphenol bioavailability, and health benefits of aronia berry: a review

The Effects of One Month Consumption of Standardized Aronia Melanocarpa Extract on Anemia in Patients on Hemodialysis

The Effects of One Month Consumption of Standardized Aronia Melanocarpa Extract on Anemia in Patients on Hemodialysis

Effects of Different Factors on Concentration of Functional Components of Aronia and Saskatoon Berries.

Effects of different factors on the content of phenolics, anthocyanins, antioxidants and colour parameters in two varieties of Aronia and three varieties of Saskatoon berries were evaluated. The berries were extracted by dynamic solvent extraction using three different solvents (water, 50% ethanol (v/v) and dimethyl sulfoxide) and subsequently analysed by ultraviolet visible near infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance followed by chemometric analysis. The results obtained show that, dimethyl sulfoxide was the most appropriate for berries functional components isolation, and among the studied berries, Aronia exhibited the highest contents of phenolics. Besides that, varieties of Aronia melanocarpa Viking and of Amelanchier lamarckii Ballerina were selected as the cultivars with high contents of functional components. Satisfactory differentiation of berries was achieved according to extraction solvent, fruit type, variety and production years. The results obtained reveal that, phytochemical composition of Aronia and Saskatoon berries may vary depending on genotypic factors, climate, growing conditions as well as on extraction method used for their assessment. Sample processing, genotypic and seasonal factors had significant effect on the concentration of naturally occurring compounds in berries.

The Intake of Aronia Melanocarpa Fruits and Juice has Great Potential for Prevention of Socially Significant Diseases

The Intake of Aronia Melanocarpa Fruits and Juice has Great Potential for Prevention of Socially Significant Diseases

Арония черноплодная (Aronia melanocarpa) как источник соединений с потенциальной геропротекторной активностью

Арония черноплодная (Aronia melanocarpa (Micht.) Elliot) известна как ценная плодовая культура. В статье представлен обзор эффектов экстрактов стеблей, листьев и ягод A. melanocarpa на продолжительность жизни модельных организмов, а также потенциальных последствий применения экстрактов аронии для организма в целом. Анализ литературы показывает, что экстракт аронии черноплодной способствует увеличению продолжительности жизни и является потенциальным геропротектором.

Aronia berry extract inhibits TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial inflammation through the regulation of STAT3.

BackgroundInflammation in endothelial cells induces production of inflammatory cytokines and monocytes adhesion, which are crucial events in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Aronia berry (Aronia meranocalpa), also called black chokeberry, contains abundant anthocyanins that have received considerable interest for their possible relations to vascular health.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether an anthocyanin-rich extract obtained from aronia berry can attenuate inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells.MethodsAs a model of vascular endothelial inflammation, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) pretreated with aronia berry extract were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The expression levels of cytokines and adhesion molecules were analyzed. To investigate the effects of aronia berry extract on the adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cell, the static adhesion assay was carried out. The possible molecular mechanisms by which aronia berry extract regulated vascular inflammatory responses were explored.ResultsThe mRNA expressions of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) upregulated by TNF-α were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with aronia berry extract. Aronia berry extract decreased TNF-α-induced monocyte/endothelial adhesion and suppressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, but did not affect intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. Moreover, aronia berry extract decreased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the nuclear levels of STAT3 and interferon regulatory transcription factor-1 (IRF1). The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was not inhibited by aronia berry extract.ConclusionAronia berry extract could exert anti-atherosclerotic effects on TNF-α-induced inflammation through inhibition of STAT3/IRF1 pathway in vascular endothelial cells.

Effects of aronia berry (poly)phenols on vascular function and gut microbiota: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adult men

Aronia melanocarpa is a rich source of (poly)phenols. Previous research has demonstrated that these berries may provide cardiovascular health benefits in high-risk populations. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of daily consumption of dietary achievable amounts of the berries in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aronia berries on vascular function and gut microbiota composition in a healthy population. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel designed study was conducted in 66 healthy men randomly allocated to consume a (poly)phenol-rich extract (116 mg, 75 g berries), a whole fruit powder (12 mg, 10 g berries), or placebo (maltodextrin) for 12 wk. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), arterial stiffness, blood pressure, heart rate, and serum biochemistry were assessed. Plasma (poly)phenol metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. Gut microbiota composition was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing in stool samples. Consumption of aronia whole fruit and extract powder for 12 wk led to a significant increase in FMD over control of 0.9%±0.4% (95% CI: 0.13%, 1.72%) and 1.2%±0.4% (95% CI: 0.36%, 1.97%), respectively. Acute improvements in FMD were also observed 2 h after consumption of aronia extract on day 1 (1.1%±0.3%, P=0.003) and 12 wk later (1.5%±0.4%, P=0.0001). Circulating plasma phenolic metabolites increased upon consumption of the aronia treatments. Although no changes were found in gut microbiota diversity, consumption of aronia extract increased the growth of Anaerostipes (+10.6%, P=0.01), whereas aronia whole fruit showed significant increases in Bacteroides (+193%, P=0.01). Correlation analysis identified significant associations between changes in FMD, aronia-derived phenolic metabolites, and specific gut microbial genera. In healthy men, consumption of aronia berry (poly)phenols improved endothelial function and modulated gut microbiota composition, indicating that regular aronia consumption has the potential to maintain cardiovascular health in individuals at low risk of cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at CLINICALTRIALs.gov as NCT03041961.

Aronia Berry Supplementation Mitigates Inflammation in T Cell Transfer-Induced Colitis by Decreasing Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. Consumption of aronia berry inhibits T cell transfer colitis, but the antioxidant mechanisms pertinent to immune function are unclear. We hypothesized that aronia berry consumption could inhibit inflammation by modulating the antioxidant function of immunocytes and gastrointestinal tissues. Colitis was induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient (Rag1-/-) mice injected with syngeneic CD4+CD62L+ naïve T cells. Concurrent with transfer, mice consumed either 4.5% w/w aronia berry-supplemented or a control diet for five weeks. Aronia berry inhibited intestinal inflammation evidenced by lower colon weight/length ratios, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) uptake, mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the colon. Aronia berry also suppressed systemic inflammation evidenced by lower FDG uptake in the spleen, liver, and lung. Colitis induced increased colon malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased colon glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, reduced glutathione (rGSH) level, and suppressed expression of antioxidant enzymes in the colon and mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Aronia berry upregulated expression of antioxidant enzymes, prevented colitis-associated depletion of rGSH, and maintained GPx activity. Moreover, aronia berry modulated mitochondria-specific antioxidant activity and decreased splenic mitochondrial H2O2 production in colitic mice. Thus, aronia berry consumption inhibits oxidative stress in the colon during T cell transfer colitis because of its multifaceted antioxidant function in both the cytosol and mitochondria of immunocytes.

흰쥐에서 아로니아 추출물이 콜레스테롤과 지질의 소장흡수에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 폴리페놀 성분이 풍부한 아로니아 추출물이 실험동물의 소장에서 콜레스테롤과 지방산의 소화, 흡수에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 설계하였다. 먼저 in vivo 실험에 사용한 아로니아 추출물의 항산화 활성을 분석하기 위해 총 페놀성 화합물과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 측정하였다. 아로니아의 총 페놀 함량은 169.79 mg GAE/L이며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 23.7%로 나타났다. 다음으로 십이지장 주입관과 림프채취관을 삽입하는 미세수술인 림프관 우회수술을 진행하였다. 실험동물의 십이지장으로 연결되는 관으로 33.3 kBq SUP14/SUPC-콜레스테롤, 20.0 μmol 콜레스테롤, 396.0 μmol Na-taurocholate, 451.8 μmol triolein, 3.1 μmol α-tocopherol, 75.4 μmol retinol, PBS buffer(pH 6.4)가 포함된 지질유화액을 공급한 대조군과 추가로 아로니아 추출물을 혼합한 아로니아군으로 나누어 시간당 3 mL씩 총 8시간 동안 유화액을 주입하였다. 림프는 시간마다 채취하였고 림프로 흡수된 SUP14/SUPC-콜레스테롤, 올레산 및 총 지방산의 양을 분석하였다. 총 8시간 동안 분비된 림프액의 양은 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 하지만 8시간 동안 소장으로 흡수된 14C-콜레스테롤은 대조군 39.20±2.87%, 아로니아군 34.53±3.03%로 나타나 아로니아 추출물의 공급으로 콜레스테롤의 흡수가 유의적으로 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. 지방산 중 올레산의 총 분비량은 대조군 864.36±65.27 μmol과 아로니아군 820.12±72.88 μmol이고, 총 지방산의 흡수량은 대조군 1,071.43±68.28 μmol과 아로니아군 1,015.64±78.85 μmol로 나타났다. 아로니아 추출물의 공급이 소장으로 흡수되는 올레산과 총 지방산의 양을 유의적인 수준으로 억제시키지는 못했지만, 소장 흡수를 억제시키는 경향은 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 폴리페놀 성분이 풍부한 아로니아 추출물이 콜레스테롤의 소장흡수를 억제할 수 있다는 사실을 증명한다. 이번 연구를 바탕으로 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 여러 지질의 소화흡수를 유의적으로 억제시킬 수 있는 수준의 아로니아 섭취량을 설정하고, 아로니아의 섭취가 지질의 소장흡수를 농도 비례적으로 억제할 수 있을지를 확인하는 것이 앞으로의 과제라고 할 수 있겠다.

Optimization of the Anthocyanins extraction process from Aronia berries pomace

Optimization of the Anthocyanins extraction process from Aronia berries pomace

에스트로겐 결핍 Rat에서 갱년기 증후군에 대한 아로니아의 효과

본 연구에서는 난소절제로 갱년기 장애를 유도한 흰쥐에 베리류인 아로니아 열수 추출물을 투여하여 에스트로겐 결핍으로 야기되는 혈중 지질 조성 변화, 혈중 alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 활성 및 결합조직 중의 콜라겐 함량을 검토하여 갱년기 증후군 완화에 아로니아 추출물이 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 9주령 흰쥐를 각 군당 6마리씩 난소절제 모의 수술군(SHAM군), 난소절제군(OVX-CON군), 난소절제 후 아로니아 열수 추출물 50 mg/kg bw 투여군(OVX-AMW 50군) 및 200 mg/kg bw 투여군(OVX-AMW200군)의 4군으로 나누어 시술 후 5주간 추출물을 투여하며 사육하였다. 체중변화에서 모든 군이 식이 섭취량이 비슷함에도 불구하고 최종 체중의 경우 난소를 절제한 OVX-CON군은 난소를 절제하지 않은 SHAM군에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이에 반해 아로니아 열수 추출물을 투여한 경우(OVXAMW50군 및 OVX-AMW200군) 난소절제 대조군인 OVXCON군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 또한, 자궁 무게 측정 결과 난소절제로 인해 자궁의 퇴화가 일어나 OVX-CON군이 SHAM군보다 자궁 무게가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 한편, 아로니아 열수 추출물 50(OVXAMW50) 및 200 mg/kg bw(OVX-AMW200) 투여군의 경우 OVX-CON군보다 자궁 무게는 증가하였으나 SHAM군의 수준에는 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지질 함량의 경우 난소를 절제한 OVX-CON군이 비난소절제 대조군 SHAM군 대비 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 난소절제 후 아로니아 열수 추출물 50 및 200 mg/kg bw(OVX-AMW50 및 OVX-AMW200)를 투여하였을 때 유의적으로 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 심혈관계 질환의 위험요인을 제거하는 것으로 알려진 HDL-콜레스테롤의 경우 난소절제로 인한 갱년기 장애 유도로 OVX-CON군이 SHAM군보다 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 난소절제 후 아로니아 열수 추출물을 200 mg/kg bw(OVX-AMW200)를 투여한 경우 SHAM군보다 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도가 유의적으로 증가는 결과를 나타내어 혈중 HDL-콜레스테롤 향상에 탁월한 효과를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 관상동맥질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 LDL-콜레스테롤은 난소절제로 인해 OVX-CON군이 비 난소절제군인 SHAM군보다 유의적으로 증가하였으나 아로니아 열수 추출물 투여군인 OVX-AMW 50군 및 OVX-AMW200군에서 유의적으로 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 한편, 골수와 간에서부터 만들어지며 정상적인 혈액에서는 적은 농도로 존재하고 있으나 이상이 생기거나 osteosarcoma의 경우 혈청 내에서 활성이 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있는 ALP 활성은 난소절제로 인해 증가하였으나, 아로니아 열수 추출물을 투여한 결과 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 결합조직 중의 연골, 뼈, 피부에 함유되어 있는 콜라겐 함량은 에스트로겐 감소로 인해 콜라겐 함량이 감소하였으나 연골과 뼈는 아로니아 열수 추출물 50 mg/kg bw(OVXAMW50) 투여로 인해 증가하였고, 피부의 경우 아로니아 열수 추출물 투여로 콜라겐 함량이 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 이상과 같이 아로니아 열수 추출물을 이용하여 난소절제로 갱년기 장애를 유발한 흰쥐에 대한 지질 변화 및 결합조직에 대한 영향을 검토한 결과, 아로니아 열수 추출물이 혈청 중의 지질, ALP 활성 개선 및 결합조직 중 콜라겐 합성을 촉진하는 것으로 나타나, 이상의 결과를 활용하여 식품 소재 및 기능성 식품 개발에 접목해 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Dietary Prevention of Colitis by Aronia Berry is Mediated Through Increased Th17 and Treg.

Increased fruit consumption is associated with reduced risk of colitis. It has been investigated whether the anti-colitic effects of the polyphenol-rich aronia berry (Aronia mitschurinii 'Viking') are mediated through Th17 and Treg. Colitis is induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient mice injected with syngeneic CD4+ CD62L+ naïve T cells. Mice consume either 4.5% w/w aronia-berry-supplemented or a control diet concurrent with T cell transfer. The extent of colitis and immunocyte populations are evaluated at weeks 3 to 7 after transfer. Aronia consumption prevents colitic wasting and reduces colon weight/length ratios relative to the control diet at weeks 5 and 7. Compared to the control diet, aronia feeding increases Treg in mesenteric lymph node at all colitis stages. Treg and regulatory Th17 subpopulations (IL-17A+ IL-10+ and IL-17A+ IL-22+ ) are increased in lamina propria and spleen at week 5 in aronia-fed mice. Aronia feeding also decreases total CD4+ cells but increases colonic Tregs. The ability of aronia to modulate colonic cytokines is associated with functional T cell IL-10 and increased diversity of microbiota. Aronia berry consumption inhibits adoptive transfer colitis by increasing Treg and regulatory Th17 cells. Dietary modulation of T cells is dynamic and precedes colitic wasting.

Berry Phenolic Antioxidants - Implications for Human Health?

Antioxidants present in the diet may have a significant effect on the prophylaxis and progression of various diseases associated with oxidative stress. Berries contain a range of chemical compounds with antioxidant properties, including phenolic compounds. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of such phenolic antioxidants, and to discuss whether these compounds may always be natural gifts for human health, based on both in vitro and in vivo studies. It describes the antioxidant properties of fresh berries (including aronia berries, grapes, blueberries, sea buckthorn berries, strawberries and other berries) and their various products, especially juices and wines. Some papers report that these phenolic compounds may sometimes behave like prooxidants, and sometimes demonstrate both antioxidant and prooxidant activity, while others note they do not behave the same way in vitro and in vivo. However, no unwanted or toxic effects (i.e., chemical, hematological or urinary effect) have been associated with the consumption of berries or berry juices or other extracts, especially aronia berries and aronia products in vivo, and in vitro, which may suggest that the phenolic antioxidants found in berries are natural gifts for human health. However, the phenolic compound content of berries and berry products is not always well described, and further studies are required to determine the therapeutic doses of different berry products for use in future clinical studies. Moreover, further experiments are needed to understand the beneficial effects reported so far from the mechanistic point of view. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to the development of well-controlled and high-quality clinical studies in this area.

High pressure processing (HPP) of aronia berry puree: Pilot scale processing and a shelf-life study

Abstract Aronia berry puree was subjected to 400 and 600 MPa, 5 min high pressure processing (HPP) and then microbial shelf-life and quality changes of aronia puree during 8-week refrigerated storage were evaluated. HPP reduced the aerobic plate counts (APC) significantly and APC changed insignificantly during the 8-week storage. HPP completely inactivated yeasts and molds, and no regrowth was observed during 8-week storage. In contrast, yeasts in untreated puree increased from 4.7 to 6.1 log CFU/g. Physicochemical properties, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of aronia puree had insignificant changes right after HPP and during 8-week refrigerated storage. Total anthocyanin content of untreated samples and those treated at 400 MPa decreased continuously during the storage. HPP, especially processing at 600 MPa for 5 min, could be an effective preservation technique for microbial population reduction, quality retention, and shelf-life extension of aronia puree. Industrial relevance The growing demand for minimal processed and antioxidant-rich aronia berry products has stimulated the interest of food industry. Industrial sector demands methods to extend the microbial shelf-life and maintain its quality and nutritional values of aronia berry products during refrigerated storage. The results of this study demonstrated that HPP is effective in extending the microbial shelf-life, maintaining the quality and preserving the bioactive antioxidants of aronia berry puree during 8 weeks of refrigerated storage.

High pressure processing (HPP) of aronia berry purée: Effects on physicochemical properties, microbial counts, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacities

The effect of high pressure processing (HPP) at 200 to 600 MPa for 2.5 or 5 min on physicochemical properties (color, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids content/TSSC, pulp content, particle size distribution, and viscosity), microbial counts (aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold counts), bioactive compounds (total phenolic and anthocyanin contents), and antioxidant capacities (DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power) of aronia berry purée were investigated. All measurements were compared between HPP treated and untreated purées. TSSC and viscosity decreased significantly when pressurized above 400 MPa for 2.5 min and at all HPP conditions, respectively. Other physicochemical properties changed insignificantly after HPP. Pressurization at 400 and 600 MPa both effectively reduced yeasts and molds to below 1 log CFU/g, and reduced aerobic bacteria to <2 log CFU/g only when pressurized for 5 min. No significant reduction in phenolic contents or antioxidant capacities in pressurized purée was observed. Purée is a feasible form of aronia berry used as food product, considering the astringent taste of whole aronia berry. The results of this study suggest that HPP will significantly reduce the microbial counts of aronia berry purée, while retaining antioxidant capacities and most physicochemical properties of aronia berry purée. The outcomes could help the food industry apply HPP to the commercial production of aronia berry purée-based food products to meet the quality standards with safety ensured.

Aronia berry (Aronia mitschurinii ‘Viking’) inhibits colitis in mice and inhibits T cell tumour necrosis factor-α secretion

Aronia berries are rich in polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that aronia berry consumption modulates intestinal immune function and T cells. The aims of the present work were to assess the immunomodulatory potential of ‘Viking’ aronia berry (black chokeberry, Aronia mitschurinii) in vivo and to determine the extent aronia berry polyphenols or known microbial polyphenol catabolites inhibit T cell tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in vitro. Aronia berry consumption increased colonic IL-10 secretion in healthy mice, but did not inhibit ex vivo cytokine secretion of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated spleen and colon tissue. Aronia berry consumption inhibited wasting associated with T cell adoptive transfer and dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis. Aronia extracts, neutral phenols fraction, and the polyphenol catabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid inhibited TNF-α production in Jurkat T cells. Therefore, T cells and microbial catabolism partly mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of aronia consumption in the colon.

Analysis of naturally Dyed Textile Fabrics by using Aronia Extract

Analysis of naturally Dyed Textile Fabrics by using Aronia Extract

Comparison of Components and Antioxidant Activity of Cherry, Aronia, and Maquiberry

Comparison of Components and Antioxidant Activity of Cherry, Aronia, and Maquiberry