Aromatic Rice Lines Research Articles

Development of new aromatic rice lines with high eating and cooking qualities

Rice is the staple food of about half of the world’s population. Preferred by consumers, aromatic rice is special rice with great commercial value. Cooking and eating quality and aroma are major grain qualities favored by most consumers. Currently, most of the available aromatic varieties have low yield with some undesirable agronomic traits. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop better aromatic rice varieties. This work aims to identify rice germplasm lines having good grain quality and to develop new varieties with desirable traits. Thirty-six out of 188 germplasm lines were identified to have betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (badh2) controlling aroma and were determined for their 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) contents. Then, 17 of these lines were identified to have alleles for low amylose content and low gelatinization temperature, controlled by waxy and starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) respectively, suggesting that they were aromatic rice lines with high cooking and eating quality. A total of 158 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from five crosses of selected germplasm lines were planted for phenotypic and yield observation, resulting in 27 F8 RILs selected for yield evaluation and genotyping. Finally, four out of the seven F9 aromatic RILs showed high yield, high 2AP production, and low amylose content, in agreement with their genotypes. The other 3 F9 RILs were aromatic rice lines with high amylose content and high yield. Because consumers’ preference for grain quality varies depending on regions and ethnic groups, the high-yielding aromatic RILs generated from this study can be used to increase yield of Thai rice and to raise market value and farm profit.

Multivariate Analysis of Agronomic Traits in M4 Generation of Aromatic Rice Lines.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Developing rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) varieties with increased yield potential has been a major concern for genetic improvement. This study aimed to evaluate aromatic rice lines and the relationship among their twelve agronomic traits using heatmap Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis to identify high yield lines using grain yield as a marker-trait. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twelve aromatic rice genotypes (eleven mutant lines and one control) were evaluated in the M<sub>4</sub> generation. The experiment was conducted at Tana Toraja regency following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications. <b>Results:</b> The darker and lighter colour scale produced by heatmap revealed contrasting nature of genotypes. A significant positive correlation observed for yield was the number of fertile grains and grain weight per panicle, while a negative correlation was days to flowering. The first four components account for 83.46% of the total cumulative variation. Cluster analysis grouped 11 lines and one control into three clusters. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results concluded that the PB-A.5.3.45 line could be used for hybridization programs to develop high-yielding mutant-derived aromatic rice varieties for further improvement.

Comparison of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) in Rice Leaf at Different Growth Stages Using Gas Chromatography

Aromatic rice lines were examined for 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline (2AP) content in leaf tissue at five different growth stages (tillering, panicle initiation, 50% heading, booting, and maturity). A small plot trial with plot size of 1.42 m × 4.88 m (7 row-plots) was arranged in completely randomize design with three replications. Dry-seeded, delayed flood cultural practice was used in this study. The experiment was conducted at three locations. The average 2AP concentrations in leaf tissue at tillering stages were higher than the other four growth stages. 2AP levels were declined when rice plant reached booting. AP levels decreased slightly at heading stage and decreased significantly at maturity. There was no significant different between 2AP in leaf at 50% heading from three locations as well as the 2AP content in rice grain. Correlations between 2AP in leaf and 2AP in grain were significantly in all five growth stages. The highest correlation coefficient was found between 2AP in leaf at booting and grain (r = 0.811**) and lowest was in the leaf at harvest (r = 0.564**). Results indicated that 2AP could be determined in leaf tissue at early growth stage.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and its Components in Toraja Land-Race Aromatic Rice Mutants Induced by Heavy Ion Beam

Background and Objective: The development of local aromatic rice cultivars has become a distinct segment market for plant breeders and producers. This study aimed to identify the Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV), heritability (h2 bs), a close relationship between traits and the direct and indirect effect of aromatic rice lines based on traits among the population observed. Materials and Methods: The field experiment was conducted in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia (650 m above sea level), from May-October, 2018. Toraja Local Aromatic Rice Pare Bau were irradiated with 300 keV µmG1 (10 Gy) Argon ion at RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan. Eighteen aromatic rice lines from M3 generation and one control (non-irradiated) were transplanted in the paddy field. Results: Results showed that the traits observed had a coefficient of variation of moderate to high. All the lines tested showed high heritability associated with the genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) for all traits, indicating that these traits could be useful to be selected. Based on correlation analysis, the traits that support high yield were the number of panicles, grain weight per panicle and percentage of fertile grain. Moreover, path analysis showed two essential and useful selection traits for grain yield improvement in aromatic rice mutant lines of third generations (M3), i.e., number of panicles and percentage of fertile grain. In the brief of lines, G4 is the highest yield per plant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that variability observed among lines associated with high yield could be exploited in rice breeding, especially mutant aromatic rice

Sensory Test and Molecular Marker Based-Selection for Aromatic Rice in the F3 Progenies

Aromatic rice is a special type of rice that highly preferred by people in Asia due to the presence of aroma. Aroma in rice is determined by 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) compound which is controlled by a recessive fgr gene. A hybridization between cv. Sintanur (aromatic rice) and PTB33 (non-aromatic, resistant to brown planthopper/BPH) has been done in order to develop aromatic rice lines that resistant to BPH. In the F2 progeny, molecular marker-based selection and bioassay for the brown planthopper resistant lines have been carried out; however selection for the aromatic trait has not been performed yet. The objective of this study was to obtain the F3 progeny’s individual with aromatic trait. Sensory test was conducted by KOH 1.7% solution, meanwhile molecular markers applied were ESP (External Antisense Primer), IFAP (Internal Fragrant Antisense Primer), INSP (Internal Non fragrant Sense Primer) and EAP (External Antisense Primer). Eighty-eight plants from two selected (SP#31 and SP#224) F3 lines progenies derived from cv. Sintanur and PTB33 have been evaluated in this study. Detection by molecular markers found seventy-five genotypes (85.23%) were homozygous recessive (aromatic rice) and one was heterozygous (non-aromatic). Eighty-five (96.59%) genotypes were aromatic as detected by sensory test alone. Seventy-two (81.82%) genotypes were categorized as aromatic rice based on sensory test and molecular markers. Due to inconsistency results from each method alone, it is advised both methods to be applied to ensure the reliability and the accuracy since aroma in rice is affected by genetic composition and environment conditions. Selected genotypes will be continued for breeding program in developing aromatic rice with improved agronomic traits.

Genome-wide comparative analysis of three local aromatic rice lines revealed novel markers

Genome-wide comparative analysis of three local aromatic rice lines revealed novel markers

Screening of aromatic rice lines by using molecular marker and sensory test

Screening of aromatic rice lines by using molecular marker and sensory test

Evaluation of elite fine grain aromatic rice lines for agro-morphological traits under mid hill condition of Uttarakhand

The present investigation was carried out to find out the yield performance and extent of genetic variability present in the fine grain aromatic rice advanced lines under mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand. Sixteen fine grain aromatic rice genotypes were evaluated for fifteen quantitative traits in a completely randomized block design with three replications during Kharif season. Highly significant differences were found for most of the traits, indicating the existence of genetic variability varying from lower to higher coefficients. The results found that the highest estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability for grain yield per plot (20.74% and 22.21%) whereas moderate level was observed for plant height (12.19% and 12.27%), panicles per plant (9.78% and15.19%), grains per panicle (11.40% and12.05%) and fertile grains per panicle (11.74% and 12.29%) respectively, indicating considerable amount of variability expressed for these traits. High heritability as well as high genetic advance was exhibited by traits viz., plant height (97.71% and 29.05%), number of grains per panicle (89.49% and 27.81%) and fertile grains per panicle (91.23% and 22.98%) signifying that for the improvement of these traits selection may be rewarding. Grain yield was observed to be significantly and positively correlated with plant height (0.467), flag leaf length (0.389), thousand grain weights (0.523) and kernel length (0.322) suggesting the scope of these traits for improving yield of fine grain aromatic rice through indirect selection. The path coefficient analysis showed that kernel length (1.675) had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by days to maturity (1.053), grains per panicle (0.585), thousand grain weight (0.501), panicles per plant (0.305) and plant height (0.285). Therefore, these traits should be considered as significant while formulating the selection criteria in fine grain aromatic rice breeding for yield under the mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand.

Genetic Analysis of F1 Hybrids Derived from Aromatic (Exotic) × Aromatic (Malaysian) Rice Crosses and Their Callus Induction Performance for Haploid Production

The aim of this study was basically to develop new aromatic rice lines through integrated breeding approaches. After screening and selection of superior parental materials, F1s were raised from four different crosses (MRQ50×Gharib, MRQ50×RMB, MRQ50×RTB and MRQ50×E13) and used for haploid production through Anther culture. Phenotypic coefficient of variation % (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation % (GCV), heritability % (h2), genetic advance (GA) were estimated for yield and yield contributing traits such as for panicle length, grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight and yield per plant. In the cross MRQ50×RMB, the highest PCV was observed in grain per panicle (34.29) followed by yield per plant (31.73), 1000 grain weight (18.44), and panicle length (12.30). The same trends were occurred in cross MRQ50×RTB. The highest GCV was detected in grain per panicle (32.15) followed by yield per plant (30.90), 1000 grain weight (16.67) and panicle length (10.13). However, in the cross MRQ50×RTB, the highest GCV was obtained in yield per plant (37.89) followed by grain per panicle (30.54) and panicle length (9.33). Yield per plant was distinguished as the highest heritable trait in the cross MRQ50×RMB followed by grain per panicle (87.9), 1000 grain weight (81.7), and panicle length (67.8). On the contrary, in the cross MRQ50×RTB, this scenario was a bit different in which yield per plant was detected a highly heritable trait but the trends were different in grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight, and panicle length. Finally, the highest genetic advance was occurred in yield per plant followed by 1000 grain weight, grain per panicle, and panicle length. These trends were equal in both crosses. Study of callus induction ability of all hybrids studies showed that the best performance of callus induction was MRQ50×Gharib and N6 medium was found to be adequate for callus induction.

Physico-chemical attributes and correlation among grain quality traits of some exotic aromatic rice lines

Forty three rice genotypes were used to evaluate their aroma detection through sensory test. Aroma was detected by 1.7% KOH as a sensory test. Thirteen rice genotypes were detected having strong aroma; ten had moderate aroma; fifteen had slight aroma and five had no aroma. In case of grain shape study, 37 genotypes were evaluated as slender and six as medium. In this study, grain aroma had significant and positive association with grain length width ratio; significant and negative association with grain width, significant and negative association with gelatinization temperature, and significant and negative association with grain length. Gelatinization temperature had significant and negative correlation with grain length, significant and negative association with grain length width ratio, significant and positive association with grain width. Grain length had significant and negative correlation with grain width; significant and positive correlation with length width ratio. Grain width had significant and negative correlation with length width ratio. Finally, it can be concluded that among 43 genotypes Basmati370,CT19541-13-3-1-2P- 1P,PSBRC18,PSB-RC2(IR32809-26-3-3),IR64,IR50,2001059-TR2151-6-1-1,IR64-P401,IR72-P204 were found good grain quality traits having higher physico-chemical attributes. These elite lines could be readily used in breeding programmes to improve grain quality traits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19899 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(2): 227-232, 2013

Marker aided selection for aroma in F2 populations of rice

Marker aided selection (MAS) can be used for monitoring the presence or absence of genes in breeding populations and can be combined with conventional breeding approaches. In this study, crosses between two high yielding cultivars, Neda and Nemat with local aromatic varieties Sang tarom and Tarom deylamani were made followed by phenotypic selection for desirable individual plants in F 2 populations. Then, marker aided selection was applied to genotypic selection of aromatic plants using allele specific amplification (ASA) marker in these populations. Plants homozygous for aroma gene with good agronomic performance were identified. These plants can be used to develop new aromatic rice lines in the near future in Iran.

Screening of aromatic rice lines by phenotypic and molecular markers

To improve the yield potential of local aromatic variety Kalizira, a segregating population was developed from a cross between Y-1281 (high yielding mutant variety) and Kalizira. Thirty two F7 rice lines were used to evaluate agronomic characteristics, aroma detection through sensory test and genotypic analysis using microsatellite markers. Highly significant negative association was found between aroma and grain yield. Nine, 12 and 17 pedigree lines (PLs) having fragrance gene (fgr) locus were found using three SSR markers RM223, RM342A and RM515, respectively as homozygous condition in 32 rice lines. The marker RM515 detected highest number of fgr locus in PLs. Fourteen promising lines were identified with aroma genes having higher yield with good agronomic performance and other grain quality traits. These SSR markers could be utilized in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and would have a great impact on identifying fgr locus in rice genotypes. Key words: Aromatic rice, Grain quality, Microsatellite marker doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i2.1720 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(2): 141-147, 2008 (December)

Physico-chemical and Genetic Analysis of Aromatic Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Germplasm

For selection of aromatic rice lines, twenty six (26) rice genotypes were evaluated for agronomic characteristics and aroma detection through sensory test and genotypic analysis using SSR markers. Grain quality and yield attributes were analyzed after harvesting the grain. Aroma was detected by 1.7% KOH as a sensory test. Based on sensory test, six genotypes were detected for having strong aroma; 7 for moderate aroma; 10 for slight aroma and 3 for no aroma. Aroma had significant and positive association with grain length-width ratio; significant and negative association with grain width, significant and negative association with gelatinization temperature, and no significant association with grain length. Three SSR primers viz; RM223, RM515 and RM342 were used for identifying fgr gene locus in 26 rice genotypes. The primer RM223 identified the fgr locus as homozygous condition for 6 as strong aromatic, 7 moderate aromatic, 10 slight aromatic and the rest 3 as non aromatic. The primer RM515 detected 4 as strong aromatic, 6 as moderate aromatic, and 16 as slight to non aromatic. The primer RM342 detected 3 as strong aromatic and four as moderate aromatic, 19 as slight to non aromatic. Compared among the three markers, RM223 detected the highest number of fgr locus in aromatic rice genotypes. Among the three primers, RM223 responded best in all the 26 rice genotypes, because RM223 primer could be able to identify aromatic and nonaromatic genes having higher yield with good agronomic performance and other grain quality traits. These elite lines could be readily used in breeding programme for release aromatic rice variety with considerable yield. Keywords: Microsatellite markers; aromatic rice DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v9i1-2.9482 The Agriculturists 2011; 9(1&2): 82-88