Aromatic Carboxylic Acids Research Articles

Plasmon induced decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids on bipolar electrodeposited Au- and Ag-film monitored by SERS

This study delves into the intersection of plasmonics and catalysis, offering insights into tailoring nanoscale chemical reactions. Employing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), we track the decarboxylation process of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) and its isomers. Using a specially designed thin film platform of gold and silver, prepared via bipolar electrodeposition (BP-ED), we investigate the influence of laser-power, solution pH, and exposure duration. Decarboxylation predominantly occurs in alkaline pH environments, attributed to deprotonation. Notably, 2-MBA exhibits swift decarboxylation, even without alkaline conditions, likely due to its closer proximity to the nanostructured surface. The significance of the carboxylate anion (–COO–) is underscored, as experiments with ester forms of 2- and 3-MBA exhibit similar behavior. Additionally, experiments with linear chain thiocarboxylic acids highlight the necessity of a benzene ring for stable reaction intermediates. A key finding lies in the effectiveness of the bipolar electrodeposition technique for monitoring decarboxylation reactions across various compositions on a unified platform. This research sheds light on the potential of SERS in understanding chemical reactions near metal nanostructures, ultimately advancing our grasp of reaction pathways and the identification of new reactive species.

A series of lanthanide complexes with different aromatic carboxylic acid ligands: Synthesis, supramolecular structure, thermal properties and luminescence behaviors

Six noble two-dimensional lanthanide complexes [Ln(2,4-DFBA)3(terpy)·H2O]·H2O (Ln = Tb(1), Dy(2)), [Pr(2,4,6-TMBA)3(terpy)·H2O] (3) [Nd(2,4,6-TMBA)3(terpy)·H2O]·C2H5OH·H2O(4) and [Ln(2,4,6-TMBA)3(terpy)·H2O]·1.5H2O (Ln = Dy(5), Ho(6) (2,4-DFBA = 2,4-difluorobenzoate, 2,4,6-TMBA = 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate, terpy = 2,2 ': 6′, 2 ''- terpyridine) were synthesized by conventional solution method with 2,4-difluorobenzoic acid and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid as main ligands and 2,2 ': 6′, 2 ''- terpyridine as auxiliary ligands. The complexes were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and the thermal decomposition mechanism of the complex was studied by TG-DTG-DSC/FTIR coupling technology. The solid fluorescence test was also carried out for complexes 1,2 and 4. It was found that the complexes have good fluorescence properties, and the fluorescence lifetime of complex 1 was 0.541 ms.

LOW TEMPERATURE ANALYTICAL CLOUD POINT EXTRACTION. 1: PROTOLYTIC PROPERTIES OF ACIDIC EXTRACTION INITIATORS IN ORGANIZED MEDIA

Cloud point extraction is a powerful tool for the analytical preconcentration of trace amounts of analytes. The standard cloud point extraction procedure requires prolonged heating of the solution, which is not always appropriate in the case of thermally unstable analytes or analytical forms and significantly limits the capabilities of the method. One of the ways to modify cloud point extraction is to find approaches to intensifying the process of analytical concentration. The main disadvantage of cloud point extraction is the need for thermal, ultrasonic, infrared or any other initiation of the formation of the surfactant-rich phase. The difficulty lies in the fact that such influence on the system is not always appropriate and possible, and can also negatively affect the formation of the target analytical form. The purpose of this work is to search for new initiators of cloud point extraction and justify the possibility of their analytical use. In the current paper, the ionization constants (pKa) of some cloud point extraction initiators such as aromatic carboxylic acids (benzoic, 4-chlorobenzoic, 3-nitrobenzoic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, o-, m-, p-toluic and salicylic acids) in water and Triton X-100 micellar solutions at various concentrations of surfactant in the studied systems have been determined by the potentiometric titration method. It was found that the values of pKa of aromatic carboxylic acids (benzoic, 4-chlorobenzoic, 3-nitrobenzoic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, o-, m-, p-toluic and salicylic acids) in water and Triton X‑100 micellar solutions naturally increase with increasing concentration of surfactant in the system. It is shown that the nature and the physico-chemical properties of the environment influence the nature and degree of change in the acid-base properties of the studied aromatic carboxylic acids (benzoic, 4-chlorobenzoic, 3-nitrobenzoic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, o-, m-, p-toluic and salicylic acids). Criteria for the selection of cloud point extraction initiators are proposed, which allow analytical concentration to be carried out at room temperature.

Accurate Computation of Aqueous pKas of Biologically Relevant Organic Acids: Overcoming the Challenges Posed by Multiple Conformers, Tautomeric Equilibria, and Disparate Functional Groups with the Fully Black-Box pK-Yay Method.

The use of static electronic structure calculations to compute solution-phase pKas offers a great advantage in that a macroscopic bulk property could be computed via microscopic computations involving very few molecules. There are various sources of errors in the quantum chemical calculations though. Overcoming these errors to accurately compute pKas of a plethora of acids is an active area of research in physical chemistry pursued by both computational as well as experimental chemists. We recently developed the pK-Yay method in our attempt to accurately compute aqueous pKas of strong and weak acids. The method is fully black-box, computationally inexpensive, and is very easy for even a nonexpert to use. However, the method was thus far tested on very few molecules (only 16 in all). Herein, in order to assess the future applicability of pK-Yay, we study the effect of multiple conformers, the presence of tautomers under equilibrium, and the impact of a wide variety of functional groups (derivatives of acetic acid with substituents at various positions, dicarboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, amines and amides, phenols and thiols, and fluorine bearing organic acids). Starting with more than 1000 conformers and tautomers, this study establishes that overall errors of ∼ 1.0 pKa units are routinely obtained for a majority of the molecules. Larger errors are noted in cases where multiple charges, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and several ionizable functional groups are simultaneously present. An important conclusion to emerge from this work is that, the computed pKas are insensitive (difference <0.5) to whether we consider multiple conformers/tautomers or only choose the most stable conformer/tautomer. Further, pK-Yay captures the stereoelectronic effects arising due to differing axial vs equatorial pattern, and is useful to predict the dominant acid-base equilibrium in a system featuring several equilibria. Overall, pK-Yay may be employed in several chemical applications featuring organic molecules and biomonomers.

Efficient oxidative depolymerization of lignite through selective cleavage of cross-linked structures for producing oxygen-containing chemicals

The non-fuel utilization of lignite is of great significance, and mild oxidative depolymerization is a promising approach for producing oxygen-containing chemicals. In this work, Xiaolongtan lignite (XLT) was used to investigate selective oxidation under mild conditions, with the aim of avoiding excessive oxidation and reducing alkali consumption. The results demonstrate that O2 oxidation can efficiently depolymerize XLT into humic acid (HA) in diluted KOH aqueous solution. Under the optimized conditions (XLT/KOH mass ratio = 3, 3 MPa O2, 80 °C, 3 h), the HA yield can reach as high as 65.8%, with only a minimal amount of CO2 (3.1%) generated. In addition, the structure-oxidative depolymerization relationship was further examined through FTIR characterization and the oxidation of model compounds. The cleavage of cross-linked bonds, including methylene and ether bridge bonds as well as hydroaromatic rings, is essential for the depolymerization of lignite by O2 oxidation. The high stability of aliphatic substituents resulted in their enrichment in the oxidized residue (OR). Under mild conditions, the aromatic ring and aromatic carboxylic acids are stable and favors the production of HA. By combining with the oxidation of model compounds, a better understanding of the oxidative depolymerization of XLT to oxygen-containing chemicals is achieved.

Decarboxylation and Tandem Reduction/Decarboxylation Pathways to Substituted Phenols from Aromatic Carboxylic Acids Using Bimetallic Nanoparticles on Supported Ionic Liquid Phases as Multifunctional Catalysts.

Valuable substituted phenols are accessible via the selective decarboxylation of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives using multifunctional catalysts composed of bimetallic iron-ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on an amine-functionalized supported ionic liquid phase (Fe25Ru75@SILP+IL-NEt2). The individual components of the catalytic system are assembled using a molecular approach to bring metal and amine sites into close contact on the support material, providing high stability and high decarboxylation activity. Operating under a hydrogen atmosphere was found to be essential to achieve high selectivity and yields. As the catalyst materials enable also the selective hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of various additional functional groups (i.e., formyl, acyl, and nitro substituents), direct access to the corresponding phenols can be achieved via integrated tandem reactions. The approach opens versatile synthetic pathways for the production of valuable phenols from a wide range of readily available substrates, including compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass.

A facile synthesis and characterization of some novel benzimidazole derivatives

We successfully synthesized a series of novel benzimidazole derivatives with high yields in our current research study. The synthesis procedure involved condensing Ethyl 3-[[3-amino-4-(treiethylamino) benzoyl] (pyridine-5-yl) amino]-propanoate with various aromatic carboxylic acids, using EDC.HCl and a small amount of DMAP as catalysts. The resulting compounds underwent cyclization through coupling in the presence of acetic acid under reflux conditions. Notably, both the coupling and cyclization reactions were efficiently achieved, with the former occurring at room temperature and the latter at reflux temperature. Our synthesis method is both environmentally friendly and cost-effective. To characterize the synthesized compounds, we employed modern spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The compound 4i shown the most potent in vitro anticancer activity. The compound 4e and 4f were also found to have good in vitro anticancer activity compared to other synthesized compounds. The result of in vitro anticancer activity says that the combination of pyridine, benzimidazole and thiophene ring best apposite for the development of novel anticancer agent. The other derivatives have also shown good activity such as compounds 4b, 4c, 4 h and 4j with electron withdrawing group on phenyl ring.

Kwas benzoesowy Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy

Benzoic acid is an organic compound that belongs to the group of aromatic carboxylic acids. It is mainly used in the production of phenol, caprolactam and benzoic salts, as a food and pharmaceutical preservative, and in the production of herbicides, insecticides and bactericides. According to the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (WE 1272/2008), benzoic acid is classified as a substance that is harmful to the lungs, irritates the skin and causes eye damage. The aim of the study was to develop a method for the determination of benzoic acid for the assessment of occupational exposure within 1/10–2 of the proposed MAC value. The method involves taking the inhalable fraction of airborne benzoic acid onto a glass fiber filter coated with sodium carbonate(IV), desorption with a solution of methanol in water and then determining the benzoic acid content of the sample by the use of liquid chromatography with diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD). Validation requirements presented in European standard PN-EN 482 were fulfilled during the tests. The method enables determination of benzoic acid in air at concentrations of 0.05 to 1 mg/m3 . The method for determining benzoic acid has been recorded in the form of an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Peptide nucleic acid-zirconium coordination nanoparticles

Ideal drug carriers feature a high loading capacity to minimize the exposure of patients with excessive, inactive carrier materials. The highest imaginable loading capacity could be achieved by nanocarriers, which are assembled from the therapeutic cargo molecules themselves. Here, we describe peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based zirconium (Zr) coordination nanoparticles which exhibit very high PNA loading of >,94% w/w. This metal-organic hybrid nanomaterial class extends the enormous compound space of coordination polymers towards bioactive oligonucleotide linkers. The architecture of single- or double-stranded PNAs was systematically varied to identify design criteria for the coordination driven self-assembly with Zr(IV) nodes at room temperature. Aromatic carboxylic acid functions, serving as Lewis bases, and a two-step synthesis process with preformation of Zr_{6} O_{4} (OH)_{4} turned out to be decisive for successful nanoparticle assembly. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that the PNA-Zr nanoparticles are readily internalized by cells. PNA-Zr nanoparticles, coated with a cationic lipopeptide, successfully delivered an antisense PNA sequence for splicing correction of the beta-globin intron mutation IVS2-705 into a functional reporter cell line and mediated splice-switching via interaction with the endogenous mRNA splicing machinery. The presented PNA-Zr nanoparticles represent a bioactive platform with high design flexibility and extraordinary PNA loading capacity, where the nucleic acid constitutes an integral part of the material, instead of being loaded into passive delivery systems.

A new 3D interpenetrating diamond-like MOF as a catalyst for enhanced degradation of antibiotics: Kinetics and mechanistic studies

In keeping with our current interest in pyridine-based multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), we presented a Zn(II)-based MOF [Zn(HL) (bpe)] (1) by the employment of pyridine ligand and flexible aromatic carboxylic acid. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 shows 6-connected diamond net with a Schläfli symbol of (66). Furthermore, MOF1 was employed as a photocatalyst for the oxidation of hazardous antibiotic molecules viz. Nitrofurazone (NFZ), dimetridazole (DTZ), and oxytetracycline (OXY) in an aqueous medium, amongst which the MOF exhibited the best photocatalytic decomposition performance against NFZ with a degradation efficiency of 82.63%.The Hirshfeld surfaces analysis demonstrated that this synthesized MOFs contain various forms of intermolecular contacts (C⋯C, H⋯C, H⋯H, and O⋯H).

Front Cover: Cationic Iridium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids (Chem. Asian J. 17/2023)

Front Cover: Cationic Iridium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids (Chem. Asian J. 17/2023)

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Pyrazole Analogues Deduced from Bioactive Piperine: Synthesis, In silico, and In vitro Evaluation

Background: Around ten novel pyrazoline and pyrazolidine derivatives were designed and synthesized by the condensation of piperine, hydrazine hydrate, phenylhydrazine, aromatic carboxylic acid, and ethanol. Methods: The synthesized compounds (2, 3, 4a-d, and 5a-d) were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, mass spectral, and elemental analysis. Pharmacokinetic, physicochemical, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry friendliness parameters were also predicted by in silico methods. Results: Furthermore, compounds were screened for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by the HRBC membrane stabilization method using diclofenac sodium as the standard drug. The tested compounds showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard drug. The molecular docking studies of significantly active (4d) and least active compounds (5d) were also carried out in the active sites of an arachidonate-12-lipoxygenase target in order to study the putative binding pattern of the study compounds. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, further lead identification as well as lead optimization techniques will be required in the near future in order to get potent analogues.

Cationic Iridium-Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids.

Practical synthetic applications of catalytic decarboxylation in producing useful molecules are limited. We report herein the cationic Ir-catalyzed decarboxylations of various electron-rich and -poor aromatic carboxylic acids to produce hydrocarbons in good yield (up to >99%). Additionally, this reaction is applicable in decarboxylative hydroarylation of bicyclic alkenes and decarboxylative fluorination, indicating the potential utility of this catalytic decarboxylation in synthetic chemistry.

Environmentally Friendly Extraction from Picea Abies Bark as an Approach to Accessing Valuable Antioxidants in Biorefineries

Every year, the pulp and wood-processing industry produces large side streams of bark, the valorisation of which is desirable for both economic and environmental reasons. We investigated organosolv extraction of antioxidants from Picea abies bark using various ratios of ethanol/water with the goal of obtaining high yields of these desirable compounds. The resulting extracts were analysed (I) for their total contents of phenols (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and tannins (TTC), and (II) for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH radical scavenging method. The highest total yield of bark extract (14.78%) and the highest concentrations of dry extracts of TPC (324.80 mg g−1), TFC (62.55 mg g−1) and TTC (83.63 mg g−1) were obtained under mild conditions (100 °C extraction temperature and an ethanol/water solvent ratio of 50%, v/v). DPPH antioxidant activity index (AAI) ranged from 0.68 (pure water extract) to 1.31. This antioxidant effect was increased to 1.59 by adding oligolignin from the organosolv process. In the extracts, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) found nine aromatic carboxylic acids, including phenolic acids and the flavonoid compounds quercetin and (+)-catechin. Our environmentally friendly approach will form the basis for pilot plant and industrial applications.

IDENTIFICATION OF BENZOIC ACID BY GC AND MASS SPECTROMETRY

Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid naturally present in plant and animal tissues which can also be produced by microorganisms. Benzoic acid and a wide range of derivatives and related benzenoid compounds, such as salts, alkyl esters, parabens, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoyl peroxide, are commonly used as antibacterial and antifungal preservatives and as flavouring agents in food, cosmetic, hygiene, and pharmaceutical products. Benzoic acid (BA) is a commonly used antimicrobial preservative in food and beverages, especially in carbonated beverages, as it presents in its strongest antibacterial activity at pH 2.5–4.0. BA has inhibitory effects on the proliferation of bacteria and yeasts, a major cause of food spoilage. Although the addition of BA can extend the shelf life of drinks and prevent nutritional losses.Excessive intake of BA may cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and other symptoms and even interfere with the intermediate metabolic processes of the body.

Photoinduced Copper-Promoted Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylselenolation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with [Me4N][SeCF3

Visible-light-induced decarboxylative trifluoromethylselenolation of (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids with [Me4N][SeCF3], oxidant, and catalysts afforded a variety of (hetero)aryl trifluoromethyl selenoethers in good yields. The reaction might involve a radical process, which generated (hetero)aryl radicals from the stable (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids via oxidative decarboxylation with NFSI as the oxidant, [di-tBu-Mes-Acr-Ph][BF4] as the photocatalyst, and 1,1'-biphenyl as the cocatalyst. Both catalysts had a decisive influence on the reaction. The trifluoromethylselenolation was further promoted by the copper salts probably via Cu-mediated cross-coupling of the sensitive SeCF3 species with the in situ formed (hetero)aryl radicals. Advantages of the method include visible light irradiation, mild reaction conditions at ambient temperature, good functional group tolerance, no pre-functionalization/activation of the starting carboxylic acids, and applicability to drug molecules. This protocol is promising and synthetically useful, which overcame the limitations of the known trifluoromethylselenolation methods and represented the first decarboxylative trifluoromethylselenolation of (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids.

Crystal structure of the monocupin ring-cleaving dioxygenase 5-nitrosalicylate 1,2-dioxygenase from Bradyrhizobium sp.

5-Nitrosalicylate 1,2-dioxygenase (5NSDO) is an iron(II)-dependent dioxygenase involved in the aerobic degradation of 5-nitroanthranilic acid by the bacterium Bradyrhizobium sp. It catalyzes the opening of the 5-nitrosalicylate aromatic ring, a key step in the degradation pathway. Besides 5-nitrosalicylate, the enzyme is also active towards 5-chlorosalicylate. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the enzyme was solved at 2.1 Å resolution by molecular replacement using a model from the AI program AlphaFold. The enzyme crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a=50.42, b = 143.17, c = 60.07 Å, β = 107.3°. 5NSDO belongs to the third class of ring-cleaving dioxygenases. Members of this family convert para-diols or hydroxylated aromatic carboxylic acids and belong to the cupin superfamily, which is one of the most functionally diverse protein classes and is named on the basis of a conserved β-barrel fold. 5NSDO is a tetramer composed of four identical subunits, each folded as a monocupin domain. The iron(II) ion in the enzyme active site is coordinated by His96, His98 and His136 and three water molecules with a distorted octahedral geometry. The residues in the active site are poorly conserved compared with other dioxygenases of the third class, such as gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase and salicylate 1,2-dioxygenase. Comparison with these other representatives of the same class and docking of the substrate into the active site of 5NSDO allowed the identification of residues which are crucial for the catalytic mechanism and enzyme selectivity.

Local cation-tuned reversible single-molecule switch in electric double layer

The nature of molecule-electrode interface is critical for the integration of atomically precise molecules as functional components into circuits. Herein, we demonstrate that the electric field localized metal cations in outer Helmholtz plane can modulate interfacial Au-carboxyl contacts, realizing a reversible single-molecule switch. STM break junction and I-V measurements show the electrochemical gating of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids have a conductance ON/OFF behavior in electrolyte solution containing metal cations (i.e., Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+), compared to almost no change in conductance without metal cations. In situ Raman spectra reveal strong molecular carboxyl-metal cation coordination at the negatively charged electrode surface, hindering the formation of molecular junctions for electron tunnelling. This work validates the critical role of localized cations in the electric double layer to regulate electron transport at the single-molecule level.

Investigating the Effect of Emtricitabine Cocrystals with Aromatic Carboxylic Acids on Solubility and Diffusion Permeability

Emtricitabine (ECB), a nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, is commonly used to prevent and treat HIV infection in both adults and children. The drug is categorized as a member of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I with high solubility and moderate permeability. In continuation of the published research work on ECB cocrystals with para-substituted benzoic acids, multicomponent solid form screening was extended with aromatic carboxylic acids in order to improve the diffusion behavior of the native drug. Solvent-assisted grinding of equimolar ECB and aromatic carboxylic acids resulted in three anhydrous cocrystals with meta-hydroxybenzoic acid (MHB), vanillic acid (VAN), and ferulic acid (FER), in addition to three more cocrystal hydrates with para-methyl benzoic acid (PMB), para-chlorobenzoic acid (PCB), and para-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB). The cocrystals were characterized by single-crystal XRD, powder-XRD, DSC/TGA, and FT-IR spectroscopy. In all three cocrystals, the 2-aminopyrimidine···carboxylic acid heterosynthon was found to be prevalent similar to the reported ECB–benzoic acid cocrystal. In ECB–VAN and ECB–MHB, the ECB hydroxyl group was hydrogen-bonded to the hydroxyl groups of the coformers as well as to the carbonyl groups of other ECB molecules, and in ECB–FER, it was interlinked to the ECB carbonyl moiety only. In the other cocrystal hydrates, the ECB-OH group formed hydrogen bonds with water only. The solubility study in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer indicated the solubility order of ECB > ECB–MHB > ECB–VAN > ECB–FER; i.e., the cocrystal decreased the solubility of the native drug. The diffusion study of ECB and its cocrystals was carried out using a Franz diffusion cell in a pH 6.8 buffer medium which suggests that ECB cocrystals decreased its diffusion rate compared to its native drug due to reduced concentration gradient/solubility and higher hydrophobic interactions.

Supramolecular Nonwoven Materials via Thermally Induced Precursor Crystallization of Nanocrystalline Fibers/Belts for Recyclable Air Filters

Functional micro-/nanofibrous nonwovens have been widely used in both civil and military fields. However, traditional nonwoven materials preparation methods generally require special equipment and are often plagued by high-energy consumption or toxic solvent contamination. Here, a thermally induced precursor crystallization (TIPC) approach is reported for preparing macroscopic free-standing supramolecular nonwoven materials, which stemmed from the self-assembly of cocrystals of melamine and aromatic carboxylic acids. Green solvents are involved in the entire preparation process without the use of costly specialized equipment, making this strategy cost-efficient, environmentally benign, and scalable in size and quantity. Distinct nanocrystalline fibers/belts formed by hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions in thus-obtained nonwovens are tightly connected in a 3D network, constructing diverse porous fabrics with outstanding mechanical flexibility and advantageous thermal stability. These supramolecular nonwovens display selective optical transmittance and, remarkably, can be utilized as recyclable air filters. Taking advantage of the thermally reversible property of supramolecular complexes, a proof-of-concept on the closed-loop recycling of supramolecular nonwovens is realized. This work for assembling common small molecules into structurally complex architectures not only opens up promising avenues for multifunctional supramolecular materials based on synthetically facile procedures but also provides a versatile and cost-effective bottom-up approach to preparing micro-/nanofibrous nonwovens for emergent applications.