Army Military Research Articles

A Comparative Study on the Characteristics between the Army Military Police and the Police Organization through Metaphor Analysis

이 연구의 목적은 헌병조직과 경찰조직의 최고관리자가 사용한 언어사례를 분석하여 시대별로 조직 메타포의 특성에 대해 고찰하는 것이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 헌병조직과 경찰조직은 시대 별로 조직 메타포 사용에 대한 차별화된 상대적 특징이 나타났다. 둘째, 경찰조직 최고관리자들은 시대변화에 따라 다양한 조직 메타포를 사용하여 조직역량을 강화하기 위한 변화를 유도하고 있다. 셋째, 헌병조직 최고관리자들은 조직 메타포 사용에 대한 이해가 부족하여 조직구성원들과 주요 정 책에 대한 공감대 형성에 한계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 헌병조직과 경찰조직의 공통적인 특성 은 두 조직이 시대별로 기계⋅문화 메타포를 공통적으로 많이 사용한 것이다. 이는 두 조직이 국가와 국민을 위해 공직자로서 사명감을 갖고 헌신적으로 봉사해야 한다고 인식하고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 특성을 기초로 조직문화를 바꾸고 새로운 리더십을 적용하는 한편, 헌병조직과 경찰조 직이 신뢰를 회복하여 국민과 군으로부터 사랑받는 조직으로 거듭나는 계기가 되어야 할 것이다.

The Study on the Repatriation of Japanese in Korea and the Response of United States Army Military Government in Korea(USAMGIK) from 1945 to 1946.

This article examines how the US army military government in Korea(USAMGIK) responded to the process of returning to Japan from 1945 to 1946. The repatriation of the Japanese in Korea or the Koreans in Japan was a huge social phenomenon in terms of the termination and liberation of colonial period and massive movement of millions of people. In the course of filling up the vacancies of these movements and clearing up the remnants in the past colonial period, a prototype of later history of each society was embodied. Especially, this article makes an effort to focus on how the situation of the return of the Japanese influenced the response of the USAMGIK as the subject of ‘execution’ of repatriation. First, USAMGIK had insufficient proper manuals or capability with which implement repatriation. There had been communication problems with Seoul and the provinces of USAMGIK itself as well as with GHQ/SCAP. This point caused a confusion in the process of repatriation. Second, USAMGIK was the subordinate body of the GHQ/SCAP, which are in charge of oversees repatriations in East Asia, and at the same time was the subject of occupation administration under the jurisdiction of Korea. Even the same command system could have different interests depending on which of the direct jurisdictions were different, and this difference in opinion was mainly revealed by the problem of transportation of returnees.

DHA Director Describes Integration of Military Health Care Services

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Professional NewsFull AccessDHA Director Describes Integration of Military Health Care ServicesMark MoranMark MoranSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:5 Jul 2017https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2017.7a12AbstractVice Adm. Raquel Bono directs an agency mandated to standardize best health care practices across military service lines and create a more globally integrated health care system. “We are strongest when we work together across service lines,” said Navy Vice Adm. Raquel Bono, director of the Defense Health Agency (DHA). “As a surgeon, I am not going to ask for a scalpel in a different way because the patient is in the Army or the Navy. Our common mission is the patient we serve, regardless of what kind of boots he or she wears.” Raquel Bono, M.D., said the military seeks the expertise of psychiatrists in the civilian sector in treating the “invisible wounds of war.”David HathcoxBono made her remarks at APA’s 2017 Annual Meeting in San Diego, where her theme was partnerships—across military service lines and, importantly, with physicians in the civilian sector.“As director of the DHA, I have the opportunity to oversee where our best practices are occurring and work to expand, integrate, and standardize those practices across the military,” Bono said. “If we do this the right way, we have a real opportunity to create a robust system serving all of our military service men and women and their families.”Bono said that the integration of health care across service lines is codified now in the most recent National Defense Authorization Act. Under the law, the mission of the DHA is to do the following: Create a more globally integrated health system, accountable as a combat support agency.Direct enterprise-wide shared services, standardizing clinical and business practices that produce better health and better care. Manage TRICARE for 9.4 million beneficiaries around the world. TRICARE is the health care program for uniformed service members and their families around the world.Deliver coordinated health care and support high-quality coordinated care in all multiservice markets.Regarding the visible wounds of battle, Bono said that the integration of the services is producing results. In the years since the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq started, the case fatality rate per battle injury has dropped. The invisible wounds have been more challenging. Bono solicited the help of psychiatrists in the civilian community to treat returning soldiers with traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. “We are very concerned about the suicide rate,” she said. “We are not dealing with a single, unitary phenomenon, but one that is very complex depending on the individual. We recognize that we don’t have all the answers, and we can’t do it alone. Partnering with others is going to be invaluable.” Vice Adm. Bono brings to her role a distinguished career in medicine and the military. She obtained her baccalaureate degree from the University of Texas at Austin and attended medical school at Texas Tech University. She completed a surgical internship and a general surgery residency at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth and a trauma and critical care fellowship at the Eastern Virginia Graduate School of Medicine in Norfolk. Shortly after training, Bono saw duty in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm as head of Casualty Receiving at Fleet Hospital 5 in Saudi Arabia from August 1990 to March 1991. Upon returning, she was stationed at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth as a surgeon in the General Surgery Department and attending surgeon at the Burn Trauma Unit at Sentara Norfolk General Hospital. Before becoming the director of the DHA, Bono served as director of the National Capital Region Medical Directorate of the DHA and as the 11th Chief of the Navy Medical Corps from September 2013 to October 2015.Bono said military and civilian health care providers share a common overarching mission and have much to offer each other. The military is prepared to reach out to the civilian sector, she said, such as when Patrick Downes and Jessica Kensky—victims of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing—were invited to Walter Reed National Military Army Hospital in Washington, D.C., and partnered with “battle buddies” who had lost limbs in battle. Bono showed a video clip of a moving interview with Downes, who said, “We feel like we were embraced by the military family in a home that was meant for them.”Said Bono: “We have a sacred mission to care for our military service men and women and their families, but we also have a mission to share our experience and expertise with others. We hope you will share your experience and expertise with us.” ■ ISSUES NewArchived

「近衛新体制」前夜の国策研究会と陸軍省軍務局:「総合国策十ヵ年計画」の策定過程

「近衛新体制」前夜の国策研究会と陸軍省軍務局:「総合国策十ヵ年計画」の策定過程

The Role of the Korean Military as a Bridgehead for the Spread of English

This study explores the role of the Korean military as a bridgehead for the spread of English through the lens of English Linguistic Imperialism (ELI). In so doing, it is particularly concerned with the question of how Galtung`s (1980) four distinct categories (cC, pC, cP, and pP) of the structure of imperialism, or the Center-Periphery dichotomy, can apply to the introduction and expansion of English in the socio-historical and political contexts of Korea during the nation-building period (1945-the 1960s). The U.S. Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) (1945-1948) declared English to be the official language of Korea and, in modernizing the Korean military, paid special attention to English education. Connected with the dominant power of the USAMGIK (cC), the Korean military became the new elite group (cP) in Korean society. Enjoying supremacy over the civilian sector, the Korean military committed to playing a pivotal role in spreading English into the civilian sector (pP). Not only anglocentricity, or the supremacy of English, but also professionalism, typically represented by the English Language Teaching (ELT) method of audiolingualism, was widely disseminated from the U.S. military to the Korean military, and then to the Korean public. Though short-lived, the language policy and practices of the USAMGIK have had a long-term effect on English education in Korea. The spread of English in Korea, in this sense, cannot be disassociated from the military as one of the social institutions.

Commissar’s Testimonials on Professors of Red Army Military Academy in mid 1920s

Commissar’s Testimonials on Professors of Red Army Military Academy in mid 1920s

The WWII Diary of a Former Hungarian Refugee in US Army Military Intelligence: A Study in Intransigence

A self-selected group of refugees from Nazi-dominated Europe returned overseas to fight the Nazis as US citizens in Military Intelligence. The author's father, a refugee from Hungary, kept a diary of his service as an aerial photo interpreter and Counter Intelligence Corps special agent in the US army. His diary offers a vivid example of Richard Weisberg's exhortation to remain true to “our best and deepest values” during times of crisis – a code of conduct that applies to military service as well as the practice of law.

Evaluation of the Nutrition of the Bulgarian Army Military Personnel During the Preparation for Participation in Expeditionary Operations

The development of the military art and of the rapidly changing security environment, define the developing and the formation of new capabilities for their management. The increasing importance of the Expeditionary Forces of NATO demands the developing of the national legislation, connected with the nutrition of the Bulgarian Army military personnel, participating in expeditionary operations. In response to the tasks, delegated to the armed forces during their participation in expeditionary operations, the provision of the units with food becomes a priority logistic capability. The research is focused on the applicability of a new nutrition model in the Bulgarian Army, in compliance with the national and the physiological nutrition standards, with the resources security and with the specificity of the expeditionary operations, requiring a special expenditure of physical and neurological-psychological energy from the military personnel.

Morning Sir!

Nigerian military army barracks are a rich domain in which soldiers and officers display different strands of their identity. A typical army barracks in Nigeria often accommodates many ethnic groups owing to the federal policy governing the recruitment of both soldiers and officers. Thus, it is common in the barracks for military men to be aware of their ethnic, linguistic, religious, and regional affiliations and to relate to one another based on these various affiliations. It is against this backdrop that the present study seeks to investigate how soldiers and officers make use of linguistic resources available to them to convey religious, occupational, ethnic, and linguistic identity in the barracks. Data for the study were collected from 46 military men, soldiers and officers, in four military barracks. The locationss are Akure, Enugu, Saki, and Zaria Barracks. The instruments used in gathering the data were questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, and participant observation. The study revealed that both soldiers and officers represent their occupational identity through the specific use of certain lexical items and slang, while their ethnic identity is signified through the use of ethnic and other local languages. Their personal names were also observed to be symptomatic of their religious identity.

Plans and Tasks for the Fortress Management as Korean Cultural Assets

문학산성은 인천의 鎭山인 문학산에 자리한 테뫼식 석축산성이다. 본고에서는 문학산성의 보존관리방안 수립 및 사적승격을 준비를 위해 기존의 산성유적의 사례를 들어 비교 검토하였다. 우선, 기존의 복원 및 보존사례를 국가사적과 지방기념물로 나누어 살폈다. 국가 사적은 그간 정비 복원이 꾸준히 진행된 보은 삼년산성, 단양 온달산성, 영월 정양산성, 충주 장미산성 등이고 지방 기념물은 현재 국가 사적 승격을 준비하는 안성 죽주산성, 청주 부모산성, 인제 한계산성, 인천 계양산성 등이다. 이 유적들을 통해 문학산성의 효율적이고 체계적인 보존 관리 방안에 대해 학술조사, 종합정비기본계획, 정비 복원, 관리 및 활용 순으로 사적 지정을 위한 의견을 제시하였다. 지금까지 문학산성은 1997년 한 차례의 실측(지표)조사를 진행하였고 2009~2010년에 성벽 잔존 구간의 정비·복원을 실시한 바 있으며, 2015년 군사지역에 대한 조건부 개방을 거쳐 오늘에 이르고 있다. 구체적인 학술 조사가 미흡했던 것은 성내에 50여 년간 군부대 주둔이라는 특수 상황 때문이었다. 올바른 정비·복원에는 반드시 ‘원형 고증과 진정성 확보’가 전제되어야 하는데 이를 위해서는 학술조사가 반드시 이루어져야한다. 그리고 지표조사와 시·발굴조사 뿐만이 아니라 식생조사, 생태조사를 실시하여 환경과 조화로운 유적이 되어야 할 것이다. 또한 정비·복원시 그 전 과정을 일목요연하게 볼 수 있는 수리보고서가 작성되어 산성 유적의 좋은 표본이 되길 바란다. 이를 통해 문학산성이 국민들의 ‘역사 교육의 장’으로 활용되고 더 나아가 한국인의 ‘문화적 정체성(Cultural identity) 확립’에 도움되기를 기대한다.Munhak Fortress is a stone-piled fortress built surrounding the top part of Mt. Munhak, a great mountain located in the backside of the Incheon. This fortress was built in the Three-kingdom Era and had been used till Joseon Dynasty. Since the mid of the Joseon Dynasty, it was operated mainly focusing on the signal fire platforms in the fortress. This study was conducted in order to set preservations plans for Munhak Fortress and prepare for getting promotion to the status of a national historic site through comparison of existing fortress sites. First, it reviewed existing restoration and preservation cases by dividing the relics into national historic sites and regional monuments. National historic sites include Samnyeon Fortress in Boeun which have steadily continued repair and restoration work, Ondal Fortress in Danyang, Jeongyang Fortress in Youngwol, and Jangmi Fortress in Chungju. Regional monuments include Jukju Fortress in Anseong which anticipates to get promoted to national historic site, Bumo Fortress in Chungju, Hangye Fortress in Inje, and Gyeyang Fortress in Incheon. Through the relics, this study suggested opinions regarding the effective and systematic preservation and management plans of Munhak Fortress in the order of academic investigation, basic plan for comprehensive recovery, repair and restoration, and management and utilization, for getting promotion to national historic site. As for Munhak Fortress, there was one-time (surface) survey and research in 1997, and repair and restoration work on the remained section in the fortress walls during 2009~2010, and conditional opening of military region in 2015 to the present. Due to the special circumstance in which military army has stationed for about 50 years, specific academic research has been conducted insufficiently. For correct repair and restoration, historical research for original form and securing truth’ should be based in essential. For the purpose, academic research should be done. Also, vegetation survey and ecological research should be done to harmonize with environment, as well as surface survey and excavation investigation by the city. In addition, the repair report should be prepared so that the whole process can be reviewed in organized way in case of repair and recovery work to provide a good example for fortress relics. I sincerely hope that Munhak Fortress is utilized as a place for historic education and furthermore, contribute to establishment of cultural identity of Korean people through this study.

Evaluation of Political Dynamics of U.S. Army Military Government : Trusteeship Direction in 1945 from the Perspective of Nationalism

Evaluation of Political Dynamics of U.S. Army Military Government : Trusteeship Direction in 1945 from the Perspective of Nationalism

The Japanese Government-General of Korea: A Hermeneutic Understanding of the Effects of Historic Preservation from a Western Perspective

This paper investigates the characteristics of preservation of Korean modern architecture through Western historic preservation theories and philosophies. This research focuses on the Japanese Government-General of Korea (1926–1995) which was built in 1926 and used as the chief administrative building in Seoul (Keijo in Japanese) during the Japanese colonial period (1910-1945). After Korea was liberated from Japanese rule in 1945, this building was used until 1995 for the South Korean National Assembly, the United States Army Military Government in Korea, and the National Museum of South Korea. Although it served a variety of roles, this building was the most controversial case of historic preservation in Korean modern architecture. To analyze the peculiarities and characteristics of Korean modern architecture and its preservation, this research applied Western historic preservation theories, not exclusively from classical historic preservation theories developed by Viollet-le-Duc and John Ruskin, but also from modern historic preservation theories by Theodore H. M. Prudon, Daniel Blunstone, and Frances A. Yates. This cross-cultural and comparative study of historic preservation helps identify Korean modern architecture’s characteristics. It can also be a useful reference in finding the origins of Korean modern architectural identity.

Coaching Personnel Soldiers Army (Study Policy Implementation Coaching Personnel Soldiers Army Military Area, Kodam V / Brawijaya Based Perkasad No. 81 / XII / 2008, About Handbook Coaching Personnel)

Coaching Personnel Soldiers Army (Study Policy Implementation Coaching Personnel Soldiers Army Military Area, Kodam V / Brawijaya Based Perkasad No. 81 / XII / 2008, About Handbook Coaching Personnel)

Pope Saint John XXIII: Army Medic and Military Hospital Chaplain.

Pope Saint John XXIII, also known as “Il Papa Buono” (the good pope) was canonized on July 5, 2013. His feast day is October 11.Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, prior to becoming Pope John XXIII, had serv...

Burned Record Imaging at NARA

On July 12, 1973 a devastating fire at the National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) in St. Louis destroyed approximately 16-18 million Army and Air Force Official Military Personnel Files (OMPFs) from the early and mid-twentieth century – 80% of the total military personnel records of this time period. During the salvage efforts following the fire approximately 6.5 million records were recovered. OMPFs are commonly requested by government agencies and individual citizens for the purpose of obtaining veterans' benefits and researching personal or family histories. In 2015 a multiple spectrum imaging workflow was put in place to digitize the most heavily damaged records as they are requested – records at a condition level that formerly prevented their being accessed by requestors. Digital versions are provided in lieu of originals for these requests. To counter information loss in charred record pages, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) utilizes infrared imaging as part of the process. This paper describes the production imaging project now underway, with particular attention paid to the unique requirements of photographing brittle and charred originals. The author shares information about the overall strategy, methods to prepare records for imaging and a photographic technique to maximize content recovery.

Land Reform in South Korea under the U.S. Military Occupation, 1945–1948

The conventional wisdom regarding land reform in South Korea implemented by the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) is that it was a partial and short-term palliative driven by the exigent Communist threat and the free-land program adopted in North Korea. This article offers a new interpretation of the motives, process, and impact of the land reform program under the U.S. military occupation, highlighting three points. First, the United States was serious about conducting a land-to-tiller program because of its desire to stop Communism and pave the way for democracy in South Korea. Both goals were important. Second, the partial reform in March 1948 is explained by volatile political circumstances in South Korea: strong Communist activity at the beginning of the occupation and the rise of intransigent conservatives at the end. Third, the U.S.-sponsored land reform catalyzed further reform by the new South Korean government by setting a precedent and establishing guidelines for land redistribution parcel sizes, prices, and payment schedules.

Turner, Thornburgh, and an Inmate's Right to Read: The Chelsea Manning Case and Possible Solutions to BOP and USDB Regulation Language

In 2013, the United States Army Military District of Washington convicted army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning of violating provisions of the federal Espionage Act by releasing highly-sensitive military and diplomatic documents to WikiLeaks. Currently incarcerated in a maximum-security prison, Manning faces solitary confinement for keeping prohibited publications in her cell without filing a book request. The Manning case represents a recent concern lodged at both the United States Disciplinary Barracks (USDB) rules and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) regulations they derive from: the ambiguity of how prison administrators may accept or deny book requests on a case-by-case basis.The current BOP framework under 28 C.F.R. § 540.71(b) allows wardens to deny a request if it is “determined detrimental to the security, good order, or discipline of the institution or if it might facilitate criminal activity.”The United States Supreme Court preserves a doctrine of deference toward incoming publications as a First Amendment issue. Since 1977, the Court has maintained that prison administrators are in the best position to assess the reasonability of book requests. Institutional rules are flexible and depend on the individual prisoner, sentence, or behavior. Some correctional facilities keep relaxed systems meeting the minimum requirements of § 540.71, while others “refuse to allow any books whose content includes anything legal, medical or contains violence.”By affording prison officials the freedom to decide which materials to ban from federal inmates, inconsistencies result in the interpretation of § 540.71 throughout the federal prison system. This lack of judicial guidance can have a significant effect on the level of First Amendment protection afforded from institution to institution.This Note sheds light on the constitutional and enforcement implications of § 540.71 on book requests for federal inmates, and proposes an alternative to these regulations based on a federally recognized banned publication list extendable to the USDB Military Correctional Complex (MCC) Regulations. The Note will examine the deference given to prison officials — the “hands-off” approach — and the historical trend toward this doctrine. Education and open access to information in the prison system can encourage self-improvement and reduce recidivism. A guided, analytical approach to prison publication requests would eliminate the pressure to determine what constitutes objectionable material by equipping prison administrators with the sense of direction necessary to decide delicate constitutional questions, thus creating a level playing field between prison policies.

My Car Modernity: What the U.S. Army Brought to South Korean Cinematic Imagination about Modern Mobility

This article examines the cultural logic of mobilization in postcolonial South Korea, promoted through American cinematic representations. In early 1946, the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea started importing and distributing American propaganda films. These audiovisual textbooks for “free people” praised private car ownership and self-determined mobility, attracting audiences with scenes of automobiles and expressways. This might have encouraged audiences to imagine a self-regulating and untrammeled unit where they could choose their own destination, speed, and companions, symbolized in the ideal type of car-owning nuclear family. Such representational expressions of “maik'a” (my car) were closely linked with the global transition after World War II, such as the nuclearization of the family, the rise of the automobile industry, and the emergence of small screens at home. This shows how South Koreans were exposed to a new, liberal technology of government under U.S. hegemony, after the cessation of Japanese railway imperialism.

Who Are The First Koreans? The Nationality Law Of 1948

This article deals with the First Korean Nationality Act which was spurred by the US Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) and enacted by the first Korean Congress. Although there seemed to be a debate on the Nationality Act before Korea was colonized by Japan, the boundary of “Korean” citizenship was cultural and self-evident. The family registry (hojŏk) was a critical criteria to determine who was a Korean, though not identical with a Korean nationality. The colonial government accepted this definition, so the fact that the first Nationality Act inherited this tradition is not so surprising. However, the ambiguity over the first Korean who bestowed nationality upon descendants became problematic when the post-Cold War Korean ethnics returned, especially the ones from China returning to Korea. Later, Korean-Chinese in toto became foreigners, according to Korean Court decisions, because they became Chinese citizens after the People’s Republic of China was established in October 1949. Thus, the first Nationality Act shows a thorny issue of what the boundary of Korean nationality is.

Study on Machlock Musket of the Late Choson Dynasty

Large scale wars such as the Japanese Invasion of Korea or the Second Manchu Invasion of Korea brought about reorganization notonly of the military system but also of the weapon system, which had stressed bow and arrow, to Choson military, and firearm was at the center of this reorganization. After the wars,machlock musket was assigned as the basic firearm of Choson military, and this introduction of machlock musket had a great meaning in that it resulted in the fundamental change of Choson military tactics and also influenced the drastic reform of the military system. Due to introduction of machlock musket to the world as well as Choson and East Asia, the early ruling class-centered combat groups were changed to those consisting of farmers and general people. In regarding to the its importance in military history, researchers in Japan and Korea had studied introduction and management of machlock musket,and changes ofmilitary systems, tactics, and society. Researches in Korea started from manufacturing and introduction of machlock musket in the late Choson dynasty and advanced to weapon systems and tactics. Lately, some researches dealt with the aspect of military changes caused by introduction of machlock musket. Besides,there were also researches looking atthe weapon system changesof Choson in the perspective ofproduct exchange or political use. Therefore,the main purpose of this article is to examine advanced researches related to machlock musket, which was the major firearm of the weapon system of the Choson Dynasty. Key words :Machlock musket, Musketeer, Gunpowder weapon, Tactics, Militarysystem, Weapon system, Civilization interchange Keywords: Machlock musket; Musketeer; Gunpowder weapon; Tactics; Militarysystem; Weapon system; Civilization interchange. 조총; 포수; 火器; 전술; 군사제도; 무기체계; 문물교류 Publisher ROK Army Military History Institute Language: ko