Arm Length Research Articles

Synthesis and Structure Optimization of Star Copolymers as Tunable Macromolecular Carriers for Minimal Immunogen Vaccine Delivery.

Minimal immunogen vaccines are being developed to focus antibody responses against otherwise challenging targets, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but multimerization of the minimal peptide immunogen on a carrier platform is required for activity. Star copolymers comprising multiple hydrophilic polymer chains ("arms") radiating from a central dendrimer unit ("core") were recently reported to be an effective platform for arraying minimal immunogens for inducing antibody responses in mice and primates. However, the impact of different parameters of the star copolymer (e.g., minimal immunogen density and hydrodynamic size) on antibody responses and the optimal synthetic route for controlling those parameters remains to be fully explored. We synthesized a library of star copolymers composed of poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] hydrophilic arms extending from poly(amidoamine) dendrimer cores with the aim of identifying the optimal composition for use as minimal immunogen vaccines. Our results show that the length of the polymer arms has a crucial impact on the star copolymer hydrodynamic size and is precisely tunable over a range of 20-50 nm diameter, while the dendrimer generation affects the maximum number of arms (and therefore minimal immunogens) that can be attached to the surface of the dendrimer. In addition, high-resolution images of selected star copolymer taken by a custom-modified environmental scanning electron microscope enabled the acquisition of high-resolution images, providing new insights into the star copolymer structure. Finally, in vivo studies assessing a star copolymer vaccine comprising an HIV minimal immunogen showed the criticality of polymer arm length in promoting antibody responses and highlighting the importance of composition tunability to yield the desired biological effect.

Characteristics of injury to weightlifting athletes in Indonesia

Weightlifting is requires maximum strength, speed, and explosive power in order to lift maximum weight. Weightlifting carries a risk of injury which can result in pain, damage and limitation of bodily functions. The aim of this study is to describe and characterize of injuries that occur in weightlifting sports. This retrospective cohort study using a questionnaire that valuated 111 male lifters who were currently had experienced injuries. The result that, characteristics of athletes are an average age of 16.4 ± 3.7, height 161.2 ± 8.9, body weight 60.7 ± 14.9, body mass index 23.2 ± 4.7, arm length 67.9 ± 8.8, and leg length 90.4 ± 8.8 who have chronic injuries (67%) occurred during exercise (87%) and most injuries occurred in the upper limb (62%). Locations of injuries are shoulders (57%), wrists (10%), back (33%), hip/groin (10%), hamstring (16%), and knees (35%) with the types of injury experienced athletes are muscle strains (33%), ligament sprains (32%), and impingement (35%). 87% of athletes are injured during practice while 13% are injured during competition. To sum up, this study shows that the characteristics of major injuries occur in the upper extremities, namely the shoulder and the incident injuries occur during exercise. Keywords: Weightlifter, Performance, Injury, Training Programs

A Comparative Study Between Conventional Outrigger System and Hybrid Outrigger System considering Performance Index Criterion

Outriggers are regarded as a structural component which can effectively lessen the reactions generated by lateral loads in tall buildings. Depending on the connectivity between the core and the peripheral columns, the outrigger system can be divided into virtual outrigger system and conventional outrigger system (COS). The hybrid outrigger system (HOS) has one conventional outrigger and one virtual outrigger at two distinct floor levels. This study gives a comparison of optimal position and performance between COS and HOS based on formulated performance index criterion (PIC) for building heights of 140, 210, 280 and 350 m by considering variations in stiffness of the outrigger belt wall and beam, the stiffness of the building's core, the height of the structure and the length of the outrigger arm under static wind and equivalent static earthquake load. The outrigger behaviour assessed using PIC takes into account the combined response of displacement at top, absolute maximum inter storey drift ratio and acceleration response at the roof. Based on PIC, performance of both COS and HOS at their evaluated optimal position are compared, and is found that HOS are less effective than COS. Therefore, to enhance the performance of HOS to be in par with COS, an optimization study is performed by increasing the axial stiffness of column, stiffness of outrigger, and stiffness of slab while maintaining the increase in total concrete volume of the structure a minimum. From the findings, PIC values of HOS (PICHOS) for 40 to 100 storeys exhibits an increase of 10 to 1.1, 20.2 to 2.2 and 12.5 to 1.9% for variation in core thickness, length of outrigger arm, and outrigger thickness, respectively, compared to PIC values of COS (PICCOS). For PICHOS to be comparable with PICCOS, increase in the total concrete volume of HOS reduces from 1.4–16.5 to 0.6–2.5% as the model's height increases from 40 to 100 storeys, respectively, suggesting that the HOS with marginal increase in total concrete volume can perform effectively for taller structures.

The Relationship Between Some Anthropometric Measurements and Pulmonary Volumes to the Numerical Achievement of 800-Meter Event Runners in Palestine

The study aimed to identify the contribution of some anthropometric measurements and pulmonary volumes to the Numerical Achievement of runners in the 800-meter running event at Palestine. The study was conducted on a purposely-designed sample of (17) runners in Palestine, aged between (18-22) years. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach because it suits the nature of the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed related to (age, body mass, height, arm length, leg length, thigh length, lower leg length, instep length, chest circumference, chest circumference with inspiration, abdominal circumference, thigh circumference, and Leg calf, upper arm circumference, and related Pulmonary volume measurements. Related Pulmonary volume measurements were performed (VC, FVC, FEV1, FWV1/FVC%, MVV, TV, RV), and after the data was collected, it was processed statistically using SPSS. The results of the study showed that the anthropometric measurement that have the most contribution In the Numerical Achievement of 800 meters running event runners in Palestine was Height, which contributed to explaining (43.1 %) of the finishing time. The study also found that Pulmonary volume measurements contributed most to the Numerical Achievement For runners of the 800- meter running event in Palestine, was Vital Capacity (VC)which explained (39.1%) of the time Achievement. Researchers recommend that the predictive equations that have been developed should be used as predictors for the numerical achievement of the 800-meter running event.

Genome Editing of Mammalian Cells Through RNA Transcript-Mediated Homologous Recombination Repair.

Double-stranded break (DSB) repair of eukaryotic DNA is mainly accomplished by nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination (HR). Providing exogenous templates during HR repair can result in the editing of target genes, which is the central mechanism of the well-established clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing system. Currently, exogenous templates are mainly DNA molecules, which can provoke a cellular immune response within the cell. In order to verify the feasibility of RNA molecules as repair templates for HR in mammalian cell genome editing, we fused RNA template molecules to the 3'-end of single guide RNA (sgRNA), so that the sgRNA and the homologous template RNA form a single RNA molecule. The results show this construct can be used as a repair template to achieve target gene editing in mammalian cells. In addition, the factors influencing HR mediated by RNA template molecules were investigated, and it was found that increasing the length of homologous arms and inducing an R-loop near the DSBcan effectively promote HR repair. Furthermore, intracellular homologous chromosomes may compete with exogenous RNA templates. The findings in this article provide a reference for the utilization of RNA template molecules to mediate target gene editing in eukaryotic cells, as well as a basis for the study of the mechanism by which RNA molecules mediate the repair of DSBs.

Contribution of Physical Characteristics to Game Performance in Male Wheelchair Basketball Athletes at the Tokyo Paralympic Games.

Snyder, L, Goods, PSR, Peeling, P, Balloch, A, Peiffer, JJ, Binnie, MJ, and Scott, BR. Contribution of physical characteristics to game performance in male wheelchair basketball athletes at the Tokyo Paralympic Games. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-This investigation explored the physical characteristics of elite male wheelchair basketball (WCB) athletes and their association with game performance during the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. Sixteen male athletes from the Australian national WCB squad were assessed for anthropometrics, speed, change of direction, aerobic power, and upper-body power during a training camp before the 2020 Paralympic Games. Athletes were grouped according to the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation disability classification system (1.0-4.5) as low- (≤2.5, more severe impairments) or high-point (≥3.0, less severe impairments) athletes. Physical and performance characteristics between groups were compared using independent-samples t-tests, and their relationship to game statistics (points, rebounds, assists, and steals) per minute played was explored through stepwise regression. High-point athletes were 13% taller (p = 0.001), 4-9% faster (p < 0.001-0.017), and demonstrated superior change of direction ability (15%, p < 0.001) compared with low-point athletes. Approximately 74% of the variance in points scored per minute was accounted for by athlete classification, whereas the most important modifiable physical characteristic was speed, which contributed significantly to steals (54% of variance) and assists (96% of variance when arm span and sitting reach height were also considered). Low-point athletes with spinal cord injuries generally have impaired trunk control, which is a likely explanation for performance differences between groups. A range of nonmodifiable (classification, sitting reach height, and arm span) and modifiable (speed) physical characteristics contribute to game performance outcomes and should therefore be considered when identifying, developing, and selecting WCB athletes for elite competition.

Influence of tactile and verbal guidance on lateral weight-shifting in double-leg standing after total hip arthroplasty

IntroductionAnomalous gait after total hip arthroplasty (THA), marked by increased trunk lateral flexion during weight-bearing, is a noteworthy aspect to consider for enhancing ambulatory capacity. One potential training modality that is feasible in the early post-THA period is lateral weight shifting during double-leg standing. However, the influence of physical therapists’ instructional guidance on trunk lateral flexion and hip abductor muscle activity in this context remains unclear. PurposeTo investigate the influence of physical therapist's guidance directed towards reducing the trunk lateral flexion angle during lateral weight-shifting in double-leg standing post-THA. MethodsTwenty THA patients, assessed at 2 weeks postoperatively, performed lateral weight-shifting under two conditions: the normal condition and the instructed condition, for comparison. The latter involved tactile and verbal guidance guidance to minimize trunk lateral flexion. Patients were categorized based on trunk flexion direction for comparison, exploring the correlations between hip abductor muscle activity and kinematic parameters. ResultsIn the instructed condition, a significant reduction in trunk lateral flexion and increased hip lever arm length were observed compared to those in the normal condition. Patients with trunk flexion towards the operated side exhibited a notable reduction, while those on the non-operated side showed no significant changes. Gluteus medius muscle activity correlated with trunk lateral flexion, and tensor fasciae latae muscle activity correlated with body's center of mass lateral displacement and hip adduction angle. ConclusionsPhysical therapist's guidance influenced lateral weight-shifting in double-leg standing post-THA. Differences in the trunk lateral flexion direction may lead to different effects from the guidance.

Does Upper Arm Length, Arm Span, and Foot Length Serve as Good Predictors for Stature? A Cross-Sectional Study among Northern Nigerians

Does Upper Arm Length, Arm Span, and Foot Length Serve as Good Predictors for Stature? A Cross-Sectional Study among Northern Nigerians

Offshoring procurement systems with internal decentralization

AbstractThe extant literature has mostly blamed the setup costs and added transportation costs for the failures of relocating procurement centers overseas, whereas internal decentralization has long been ignored. In practice, issues such as the arm's length principle and information asymmetry can prevent the headquarters from fully centralizing its divisions when offshoring its procurement center overseas. To examine the impact of internal decentralization, we investigate the decision of a firm's headquarters regarding whether to set up an overseas procurement center and whether to further decentralize the procurement center. This article investigates a stylized model and reveals that, even without the setup and transportation costs, it is not always beneficial for the firm to offshore procurement centers under the impact of transfer pricing unless the tax advantage is big enough. An offshoring procurement system with a decentralized procurement center can outperform one with a centralized procurement center when the tax rate disparity is large, because the headquarters' procurement cost information screening makes it benefit more from a decentralized procurement center when the tax rate gap is big. Besides the intuitive trade‐off between the tax‐saving effect and the double marginalization effect caused by the internal decentralization, some indirect effects—cost‐saving effect of the procurement effort and the tax‐paying asymmetry effect (i.e., the procurement center still pays a positive tax even if the headquarters is not profitable)—are found to have a significant impact on the headquarters' choice. Screening the procurement cost information amplifies the advantage of the procurement independent accounting system when the tax rate disparity is big but decreases it otherwise.

ROLE OF FORELIMB MORPHOLOGY IN MUSCLE SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTIONS DURING LOCOMOTION IN THE CAT.

Previous studies established strong links between morphological characteristics of mammalian hindlimb muscles and their sensorimotor functions during locomotion. Less is known about the role of forelimb morphology in motor outputs and generation of sensory signals. Here, we measured morphological characteristics of 46 forelimb muscles from 6 cats. These characteristics included muscle attachments, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), fascicle length, etc. We also recorded full-body mechanics and EMG activity of forelimb muscles during level overground and treadmill locomotion in 7 and 16 adult cats of either sex, respectively. We computed forelimb muscle forces along with force- and length-dependent sensory signals mapped onto corresponding cervical spinal segments. We found that patterns of computed muscle forces and afferent activities were strongly affected by the muscle's moment arm, PCSA, and fascicle length. Morphology of the shoulder muscles suggests distinct roles of the forelimbs in lateral force production and movements. Patterns of length-dependent sensory activity of muscles with long fibers (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis) closely matched patterns of overall forelimb length, whereas the activity pattern of biceps brachii matched forelimb orientation. We conclude that cat forelimb muscle morphology contributes substantially to locomotor function, particularly to control lateral stability and turning, rather than propulsion.

Multi-wavelength and broadband plasmonic switching with V-shaped plasmonic nanostructures on a VO2 coated plasmonic substrate

In this paper, periodic arrays of identical V-shaped gold nanostructures and variable V-shaped gold nanostructures are designed on top of a gold-coated silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate with a thin spacer layer of vanadium dioxide (VO2) to realize multi-wavelength and broadband plasmonic switches, respectively. The periodic array of identical V-shaped nanostructures (IVNSs) with small inter-particle separation leads to coupled interactions of the elementary plasmons of a V-shaped nanostructure (VNS), resulting in a hybridized plasmon response with two longitudinal plasmonic modes in the reflectance spectra of the proposed switches when the incident light is polarized in the x-direction. The x-direction is oriented along the axis that joins the V-junctions of all VNSs in one unit cell of the periodic array. On exposure to temperature, electric field, or optical stimulus, the VO2 layer transforms from its monoclinic semiconducting state to its rutile metallic state, leading to an overall change in the reflectance spectra obtained from the proposed nanostructures and resulting in an efficient multi-wavelength switching action. Finite difference time domain modelling is employed to demonstrate that an extinction ratio (ER) >12 dB at two wavelengths can be achieved by employing the proposed switches based on periodic arrays of IVNSs. Further, plasmonic switches based on variable V-shaped nanostructures—i.e. multiple VNSs with variable arm lengths in one unit cell of a periodic array—are proposed for broadband switching. In the broadband operation mode, we report an ER >5 dB over an operational wavelength range >1400 nm in the near-IR spectral range spanning over all optical communication bands, i.e. the O, E, S, C, L and U bands. Further, it is also demonstrated that the wavelength of operation for these switches can be tuned by varying the geometrical parameters of the proposed switches. These switches have the potential to be employed in communication networks where ultrasmall and ultrafast switches with multi-wavelength operation or switching over a wide operational bandwidth are inevitably required.

Epidemiological characteristics of fatal drowning and related factors in children in Zhejiang Province, 2022

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of fatal drowning in children in Zhejiang Province in 2022, analyze factors such as the swimming ability of children, the caregiver behavior at drowning site, types of first aid personnel and methods of first aid of unintentional fatal drowning and provide evidence for targeted intervention. Methods: Using the "Survey Form of Fatal Drowning Case in Children" designed by National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention of the China CDC, we collected case information of children aged 0-17 years who died due to drowning in Zhejiang in 2022 from medical history/death investigation records, telephone interviews, and home visits. Results: A total of 341 fatal drowning cases in children occurred in Zhejiang in 2022 and 330 cases were investigated (96.77%). The male to female of the cases was 2.33∶1, most cases were aged 15-17 years and 0-4 years, and 54.24% of fatal drowning cases occurred in children from other provinces. In the drowning cases, 83.33% were unintentional ones, and the proportion of intentional fatal drowning cases in children increased with age. Fatal drowning cases mainly occurred in open natural water bodies and public water storage facilities. More fatal drowning cases occurred in open natural water bodies in older children, while more fatal drowning cases occurred in public water storage facilities in younger children. In 275 children who died due to unintentional drowning, 73.09% could not swim, and only 1.09% were fully supervised by adults within an arm's length. First aid personnel, mainly medical staffs, bystanders and adult caregivers, were present for 47.63% fatal drowning cases. The proportion of the cases who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation as the first aid within 5 minutes was 2.18%. Conclusions: Drowning poses a serious threat to children's lives and there are differences in reasons and locations of fatal drowning in children in different age groups in Zhejiang Province in 2022. It is necessary to conduct to interventions to improve children's swimming skills, strengthen effective adult care and conduct health education about field first aid of drowning to reduce the incidence of drowning and related deaths in children.

Performance of Microsoft Azure Kinect DK as a tool for estimating human body segment lengths

The Microsoft Kinect depth sensor, with its built-in software that automatically captures joint coordinates without markers, could be a potential tool for ergonomic studies. This study investigates the performance of Kinect in limb segment lengths using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference. Healthy children and adults (n = 76) were recruited for limb length measurements by Kinect and DXA. The results showed consistent ratios of arm, forearm, thigh, and leg lengths to height, which were 0.16, 0.14, 0.23, and 0.22 respectively, for both age groups and methods. Kinect exhibited perfect correlation among all limb lengths, indicating fixed proportions assumed by its algorithm. Comparing the two methods, there was a strong correlation (R = 0.850–0.985) and good to excellent agreement (ICC = 0.829–0.977), except for the right leg in adults, where agreement was slightly lower but still moderate (ICC = 0.712). The measurement bias between the methods ranged from − 1.455 to 0.536 cm. In conclusion, Kinect yields outcomes similar to DXA, indicating its potential utility as a tool for ergonomic studies. However, the built-in algorithm of Kinect assumes fixed limb proportions for individuals, which may not be ideal for studies focusing on investigating limb discrepancies or anatomical differences.

TAX COMPLIANCE CONTROL AND AUDIT OF TRANSFER PRICING TRANSACTIONS

The article presents the authors' vision of the features and mechanism of tax compliance control and audit in the management of transfer pricing operations. Effective interaction between business entities and tax authorities in the process of controlling and auditing transfer pricing transactions should be based on the principles of compliance with the help of two tools – assessment of the quality of transfer pricing policy and internal control system (as a result of interaction of internal and external control systems) and assessment of the quality and effectiveness of internal audit of transfer pricing (as a result of interaction of internal control and audit systems). In accordance with the above, tax compliance control and audit becomes a new element of the established system of monitoring of controlled transactions of a business entity, which proposed to understand as the use of tools to confirm the quality and effectiveness of internal control and audit systems of transfer pricing transactions of a business entity by a tax authority, which certifies the taxpayer's commitment and responsibility to comply with tax legislation in terms of compliance with the arm's length principle. Confirmation by the tax authorities of the quality of the transfer pricing policy and internal control and audit system of the entity should be based on the developed, tested and approved system of assessment parameters. Confirmation of the assessment of the quality of the transfer pricing policy and internal control system will demonstrate the responsible position of the taxpayer based on tax compliance with the transfer pricing legislation in accordance with the arm's length principle and will increase the level of trust in it on the part of the tax authorities. In turn, the introduction of such a tool as an internal transfer pricing audit quality assessment into the process of monitoring-controlled transactions will allow the company to submit and use the results of its internal audit in assessing transfer pricing risks to form its tax rating and assess the need to include it in the audit plan. This tool assumes that the internal audit system is sufficient to timely detect violations of tax legislation in the field of transfer pricing in accordance with the arm's length principle.

Citizen satisfaction with arm's length bodies in local government: expert insights on policy and practice

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the application of citizen satisfaction (CS) as a tool for measuring performance by arm's length bodies (ALBs) in local governments across eleven countries, addressing central questions about its functionality and influencing factors.Design/methodology/approachWe employ a hybrid inductive-deductive explorative study design, characterized by an iterative interpretative approach guided by sensitizing concepts. Expert interviews are analyzed through template analysis and cover eleven countries where ALBs are present due to decentralization and outsourcing.FindingsOur study uncovers limited real-world applications of CS in evaluating public service delivery by ALBs. Expert interviews reveal insights into factors potentially influencing CS use, such as the level of autonomy of local governments, state traditions and austerity measures. A research agenda is formulated for further investigation.Originality/valueContributing to the CS debate, our study focuses on its application in evaluating public service delivery by ALBs. The explorative design, expert opinions and theoretical foundations enhance understanding, offering insights into factors potentially shaping CS use in this context. The study proposes a research agenda, propelling further investigations into this underexplored, yet emerging, area.

Pseudarchasteridae (Asteroidea: Paxillosida) in Japanese waters, with description of a new species and range extension of three species

ABSTRACT Four Pseudarchasteridae species, including one new species, are described from Japanese waters. Paragonaster hoeimaruae Kobayshi sp. n. resembles two north-west Pacific congeners, P. chinensis and P. obtusus, but differs from these species in having pedicellariae and lateral abactinal series extending to less than one-half of arm length. We also report the first occurrence of Gephyreaster and P. stenostichus from Japanese waters. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0B02F074-9B9A-4A87-A9D5-797740C6EE50

Relationship of Arm Length, Foot Length and Dynamic Balance in 9-12 Years Old Children

OBJECTIVE: Dynamic balance (DB) is defined as abilities that are operating during performance of a functional task such as reaching, walking, or running, irrespective of changing support surface (i.e. BOS). Functional Reach Test (FRT), which was developed by Duncan et al. in 1990. FRT is defined as the maximal distance one can reach forward beyond arm’s length while maintaining a fixed Base of Support (BOS) in standing. The outcome measures of dynamic balance (DB) are important elements of examination, which measures correlate with specific age but how anthropometric variables (e.g.: arm length, foot length, height, weight) which might influence balance is still unclear. The influence of arm length, foot length on dynamic balance in children is not well understood. Hence there is a need to investigate the relationship between arm length, foot length on dynamic balance in children. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of arm length, foot length on dynamic balance in 9-12 years old children. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive study (correlational study) was conducted among 41 children with typical development of age 9-12 years old (50% male and 50% females). Arm length (males 58.6 + 4.0; females 58.7 + 3.6), foot length (males 20.8 + 1.4; females 20.6 + 1.6). Dynamic balance was assessed using FRT, the participants were asked to reach three times and the scores were recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The collected data was summarized using the descriptive statistics such mean +S.D. (standard deviation) to find the relationship between the arm length, foot length with dynamic balance in 9-12-years-old children. Pearson correlation coefficient is used, p value &lt;0.05 was considered as significant. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21. RESULTS: The mean distance reached by the children aged 9-12 years old were (males 22.2 + 5.1; females 22.9 + 6.6). The obtained p value for Pearson correlation coefficient is &gt;0.05 and hence there is between arm length, foot length and dynamic balance in children of 9-12 years old. CONCLUSION: Dynamic balance has correlation with arm length and foot length. Hence it suggests that the arm length and foot length does influence the score of dynamic balance on FRT in children. Keywords: Arm length, foot length, dynamic balance, children, 9-12-year-olds

ASCERTAINING STUDY ON SOMATIC, MOTOR AND TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTS IN JUNIOR BASKETBALL TO IDENTIFY SPECIFIC STANDARDS

Basketball is a sport with predominantly aerobic requirements and high-intensity anaerobic requirements. In recent years, this characteristic has changed in terms of demands on the player and intensity of the competition, involving an increase in the number and duration of explosive actions. The purpose of this paper was to determine the motor, somatic and technical levels of U14 players in order to make up the expanded junior team of Romania. To identify the values specific to the age of 14, three trials were organised over the course of a year. As a result, 49 athletes from all over the country were selected and tested, and then they followed centralised training sessions within the expanded national junior team of Romania. The somatic and motor test battery consisted of: body weight (kg), body height (cm), body mass index (BMI), arm span, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, 3 x 10 m shuttle run, standing long jump, vertical jump, t-Test, Beep Test, Little Marathon, hip mobility, and universal throw. The research methods used in this paper were: literature review, observation, mathematical statistics, tabular method and graphical method. The research results were compared with international values. In conclusion, the current somatic and motor potential of junior basketball players does not fit into the models developed at a national and international level, given that their performance was poorer, therefore our hypothesis is not validated.

Analysis of Horizontal Cylinder Load under Different Conditions in Regards to Waves and Flows

A numerical simulation based on the CFD method is used to study the interaction between a horizontal cylinder and wave flow. Firstly, a two-dimensional numerical calculation model of both a fixed and a rigid moving cylinder, with a free surface under varying wave flow conditions, is created. In the established model, the loads on the horizontal cylinder under different submergence depths, flow velocities, cylinder sizes, wave periods, and k values (spring stiffness) are analyzed and calculated. The results show that, when the cylinder is close to the free surface, its hydrodynamic load under wave flow conditions is more sensitive to changes in submergence depth, which essentially affects wave reflection and blockage. At different flow velocities, k values, cylinder radii, and arm lengths, the main frequency of the Fourier transform of the cylinder motion curve remains unchanged; however, the main frequency does change with the wave period and submergence depth. The efficiency of rotary cylindrical energy harvesting is influenced by various factors, among which an initial increase and then decrease are observed with a gradually increasing k value, arm length, period, and radius, in addition to an observed decrease with increasing flow velocity.

Development of a Clothing Sizing System for Benghazian Children Based on Anthropometric Measurements

the current study is the second step towards the overall objective of development of a clothing sizing system for Libyan children based on anthropometric body measurements of Libyan school children. The aim of this paper is to examine anthropometric measurements for students in grades four, five and six in the basic education stage, to collect body measurements of school children in Benghazi and analyze them using simple statistical methods that would help determining the body ranges and variations present for students in the three grades and use them, in turn, to develop sizing system of these grades. The anthropometric data were analyzed using Minitab program. ANOVA and kruskal-Wallis tests were used to identify differences between age groups. The results showed that there are differences between the most body measurements except the arm length and waist to hip length. These differences were taken into account when developing the sizing system. Pearson correlation coefficients analysis was carried out to determine the interrelationships between the various body measurements. From these findings it can be concluded that the weight is very strongly correlated with some dimensions. Height and weight measurements were used as a guide to determine the size of clothes. The mean values and the standard deviation were used for creating size steps for the size chart. Three kinds of sizes were identified: L (large), M (medium) and S (small).