Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Articles

Ascorbate peroxidase: A novel antioxidant enzyme in insects

larvae. We thank T. Meade for his thorough and invaluable editing. We also thank D. Johnson,and P. Mathews for their efforts as reviewers. This work was approved for publication by theDirector, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, manuscript 95140.Sponsored by USDA-NRICGP (93-37302-9571).*Correspondence to: M. Claravon Mathews, Department of Entomology, 321 Agriculture Bldg.,University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701.Received 16 November 1995; accepted 29 May 1996.Abbreviations used: AFR = ascorbate free radical; AFRR = ascorbate free radical reductase; APOX= ascorbate peroxidase; ASC = ascorbate; DHA = dehydroascorbate; DHAR = dehydroascorbatereductase; EDTA = ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GPOX = glutathione peroxidase; GSH =glutathione; H

`KIOWA' BLACKBERRY

`Kiowa' is the eighth in a series of erect-growing, high-quality, productive blackberry cultivars developed in the breeding program of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Large fruit size is the most outstanding characteristic of `Kiowa', with fruit size usually 30% heavier than `Shawnee'. `Kiowa' has generally been less productive than `Shawnee' but similar in productivity to `Choctaw'. First picking of `Kiowa' is usually 3 days later than that of `Shawnee'. The harvest season for `Kiowa' is long, with fruit commonly ripening over a 6-week period. Fruits of `Kiowa' are firmer than `Shawnee' and `Choctaw'. Plants of `Kiowa' are not as vigorous or erect as are plants of `Shawnee', although row establishment has been good using either plants or root cuttings.

`Excel', `Early Scarlet' and `Arkansas Blackeye #1': New Southernpea Varieties

Southernpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important crop in the southern United States. The Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of three varieties. `Excel' produces a compact bush plant, from 45–60 cm tall with no basal runners. Pods are deep purple, 20–25 cm long and shell easily at the green mature stage. Flowering and fruiting are concentrated, with the pods produced at the top of the plant on medium-length peduncles. Seed has a bright pinkeye and is similar in size to pinkeye purple hull BVR but matures 3–4 days earlier. `Early Scarlet' produces a medium sized plant, from 60–75 cm tall with no basal runners. Pods are light red, 20–25 cm long and shell easily at the green mature stage. Flowering and fruiting are concentrated at the top of the plant with pods produced on medium-length peduncles. Seed has a light pinkeye and is similar in size to `Pinkeye Purple Hull BVR' but matures 2–3 days earlier. `Arkansas Blackeye #1' produces a bush plant, from 50–65 cm tall with no basal runners. The pods are silver, 20–25 cm long and shell easily. Flowering and fruiting are concentrated with the pods produced in the top of the plant on medium-length peduncles. Seed has a distinct medium-sized blackeye and the seed are very similar in size, type and eye pattern to `California #5 Blackeye'. Maturity is normally 2–3 days earlier than `Pinkeye Purple Hull BVR'.

Dew and frost chemistry at a midcontinent site, United States

From July 1989 to July 1990 a total of 98 dew and 9 frost samples were collected at the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville. The total water flux from dews and frosts per year was less than 2% of that from rains. Acid and nutrient fluxes were also much lower in dew. In the following series of ions the number in parentheses gives the percent of the yearly flux of the ion in dew compared to rain for the same time period: H+ (0.06), Ca2+(25), Mg2 + (11), K+ (21), Na+ (4), NH4+ (10), Cl− (4), NO3− (5), and SO2−4 (5). In contrast, the concentration of the various ions in dew, except H+, is generally several times that in rain. Dew is primarily a Ca(HCO3)2 and (NH4)2SO4 solution; whereas rain is primarily a NH4HSO4 solution. The mean pH of dew is 6.37 compared to 4.99 for rain. The average acetate‐formate concentration of dew in equivalents was (1) equal to about 53% of the nitrate‐sulfate concentration in rain for April‐June and (2) 10 times more concentrated than in rain for the year. The steps governing dew composition are indicated to be (1) formation on dry deposition solids (2) dissolution of the soluble portion of the dry deposition by dew water, and (3) sorption of gaseous NH3, acetic, and formic acids into the dew solution.

NEW BLACKBERRY AND GRAPE CULTIVARS FOR THE SOUTH

The impending release of a new blackberry cultivar and a new grape cultivar by the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment station will be discussed. The blackberry, tested as A-1536, is an erect, thornless type ripening two weeks before 'Navaho'. It produces very firm, highly flavored fruit similar to 'Navaho'. The grape, tested as A-1335, is a blue-seeded juice grape with good adaptation to areas with high summer temperatures where 'Concord' does not ripen evenly. Fresh fruit and processed juice quality has been rated equal to or better than 'Concord' juice for quality attributes.

`EARLY ACRE': A NEW SOUTHERNPEA FOR ARKANSAS

Southernpeas are an important crop to Arkansas processors, market gardeners and home gardeners. While the bulk of the acreage produced in the state is pinkeye purple hull types, there is a demand for other horticultural types. At present some processors consider `White Acre' to be the standard of cream pea quality, but under Arkansas conditions, `White Acre' produces excessive vine growth, is very late to mature and is susceptible to bacterial blight. For these reasons, the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of `Early Acre'. `Early Acre' has been widely tested under the designation Arkansas 84-154 and produces a very compact bush plant that has seed similar in size and shape to `White Acre', but matures 8-10 days earlier under Arkansas conditions. Although the plant type is well suited to narrow row spacing, `Early Acre' has produced yields similar to `White Acre' when both are planted at conventional row spacings. Samples have been canned by the Dept. of Food Science at the University of Arkansas and the samples have been rated equal to `White Acre' in processed quality. “Early Acre' has exhibited high levels of resistance to bacterial blight in replicated yield trials under field epidemics in both Arkansas and Texas.

Scientist Involvement in Research Funding at the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station

(...) This study was conducted to develop an estimate of the portion of a scientist's research time that is devoted to the process of securing funding. Scientists with the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station were asked to estimate the amount of time devoted to the processes of securing grant support for their research. Sixty-five percent of the faculty responded. (...)

FICHES INFORMATIVES OEPP SUR LES ORGANISMES DE QUARANTAINE EPPO DATA SHEETS ON QUARANTINE ORGANISMS

EPPO BulletinVolume 19, Issue 4 p. 667-669 Free Access FICHES INFORMATIVES OEPP SUR LES ORGANISMES DE QUARANTAINE EPPO DATA SHEETS ON QUARANTINE ORGANISMS First published: December 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1989.tb01157.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Bibliography Baerg, W.J. (1923) The strawberry weevil. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin no. 185. Clarke, R.G. & Hewitt, A.J. (1975) Development of the strawberry weevil under laboratory and field conditions. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68, 715– 718. Gorham, R.P. (1936) The Strawberry Weevil. Multigraph, Fredericton ( CA ) . Headlee, W.E. (1918) The strawberry weevil. New Jersey Agricultural Station Bulletin no. 324. Williams, R.N. (1979) Two insect pests increase in the Ohio strawberry fields. Ohio Report on Research and Development 64 (2), 24– 26. Volume19, Issue4December 1989Pages 667-669 ReferencesRelatedInformation

‘Saturn’ Seedless Grape

Abstract ‘Saturn’ is the fourth in a series of seedless table grapes released from the grape breeding program of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Previous releases were ‘Venus’ in 1977 (Moore and Brown, 1977), ‘Reliance’ in 1983 (Moore, 1983), and ‘Mars’ in 1984 (Moore, 1985). These cultivars are the foundation of an emerging commercial table-grape industry in the region. ‘Saturn’, a high-quality, red seedless grape with good storage and shelf-life characteristics, is expected to contribute to further expansion of the commercial industry.

‘Choctaw’ Blackberry

Abstract ‘Choctaw’ is the fifth in a series of erect-growing, high-quality, productive blackberry cultivars developed in the breeding program of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Previous releases from this program are ‘Comanche’ and ‘Cherokee’ in 1974 (Moore et al., 1974a, 1974b), ‘Cheyenne’ in 1977 (Moore et al., 1977), and ‘Shawnee’ in 1984 (Moore et al., 1985). ‘Choctaw’ ripens its fruit earlier in the season than the previous cultivars, thus extending the blackberry fruiting season.

Fruit Breeding in Arkansas

Abstract The fruit breeding program of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station was begun in 1964. Crops initially targeted for improvement were strawberry, grape, and blackberry. In 1966, projects were approved for the breeding of peaches, nectarines, and apples; blueberries were added in 1976. The overall objective of the fruit breeding program is to develop cultivars uniquely adapted to the soils and climate of Arkansas to maximize production efficiency and that produce high-quality fruits for effective market use. To date, 16 cultivars have been developed and released from this program (Table 1). Many of these have become major commercial cultivars, not only in Arkansas but also in many other states.

‘Encore’ Southernpea

Abstract The Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of ‘Encore’ southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], ‘Encore’ has potential as both a commercial and home garden cultivar because of its high yield (Table 1), concentrated set, and bush plant habit (Fig. 1).

‘Fall Green’ Spinach

Abstract The Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of ‘Fall Green’ spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). ‘Fall Green’ offers the potential of a high level of resistance to many of the common, destructive spinach diseases.

‘Mars’ Seedless Grape

Abstract A grape breeding program was begun in 1964 by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station with the primary objective of developing high quality table grapes adapted to the soils and climate of the Ozarks region. Two cultivars previously have been released from this program: ‘Venus’ in 1977, a blue seedless grape (2); and ‘Reliance’ in 1982, a red seedless (1). These cultivars show promise of being the foundation of a commercial table grape industry in the region. ‘Mars’, a blue seedless table grape with high levels of disease resistance, is being released to fulfill the needs for home garden and limited commercial use.

‘Shawnee’ Blackberry

Abstract ‘Shawnee’ is the 4th in a series of erectgrowing, productive, high-quality blackberry cultivars developed in the breeding program of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Previous cultivars released are ‘Cherokee’ and ‘Comanche’ in 1974 (1, 2), and ‘Cheyenne’ in 1977 (3). All are adapted to machine harvesting for processing, and also are suitable for customer harvest operations and home garden use.

Distribution Patterns Among Arthropods of the North Temperate Deciduous Forest Biota

Distribution Patterns Among Arthropods of the North Temperate Deciduous Forest Biota

‘ArKing’ Strawberry1

Abstract The ‘ArKing’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) has been released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to provide a late-ripening, red stele root-rot-re-sistant cultivar adapted to Arkansas conditions. ‘ArKing’ is similar in size and productivity to the popular ‘Cardinal’, but has greater disease resistance and later maturity.

U.F. G508, G509, G510, G511, and G515 Muskmelon Breeding Lines1

Abstract U. F. breeding lines G 508, G509, G510, G511 and G515 are short internode muskmelons (cantaloupes) Cucumis melo L. that are being released as germplasm for breeding purposes (Fig. 1). The recessive dwarf character from a short internode line (MCa 66-18-14) obtained from J. L. Bowers, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, was introduced into disease-resistant Florida breeding lines and several commercial cultivars.

Registration of Mars Rice1 (Reg. No. 49)

Crop ScienceVolume 19, Issue 5 cropsci1979.0011183X001900050058x p. 743-744 Registration of Crop Cultivar Registration of Mars Rice1 (Reg. No. 49) T. H. Johnston, T. H. JohnstonSearch for more papers by this authorB. R. Wells, B. R. WellsSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Marchetti, M. A. MarchettiSearch for more papers by this authorF. N. Lee, F. N. LeeSearch for more papers by this authorS. E. Henry, S. E. Henry Respectively, research agronomist, AR, SEA, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160; agronomist, Univ. of Arkansas Rice Branch Exp. Stn., Stuttgart; research plant pathologist, AR, SEA, USDA, Beaumont, Tex.; plant pathologist and research assistant, Univ. of Arkansas Rice Branch Exp. Stn., Stuttgart.Search for more papers by this author T. H. Johnston, T. H. JohnstonSearch for more papers by this authorB. R. Wells, B. R. WellsSearch for more papers by this authorM. A. Marchetti, M. A. MarchettiSearch for more papers by this authorF. N. Lee, F. N. LeeSearch for more papers by this authorS. E. Henry, S. E. Henry Respectively, research agronomist, AR, SEA, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160; agronomist, Univ. of Arkansas Rice Branch Exp. Stn., Stuttgart; research plant pathologist, AR, SEA, USDA, Beaumont, Tex.; plant pathologist and research assistant, Univ. of Arkansas Rice Branch Exp. Stn., Stuttgart.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1979 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900050058xCitations: 5 1 Registered by the Crop Sci. Soc. Am. Cooperative investigations, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station and AR, SEA, USDA. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume19, Issue5September–October 1979Pages 743-744 RelatedInformation

‘Elite’ Southernpea1

Abstract ‘Elite’ (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), has been released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, to meet the needs of gardeners and commercial processors for a well adapted cream type.