Arithmetic Research Articles

Pelatihan Metode Jarimatika sebagai Alternatif dalam Pembelajaran Matematika SD

JARIMATIKA METHOD TRAINING AS ALTERNATIVE IN ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS LEARNING. This activity is motivated because of the tendency of the teacher to force students to memorize by looking upward in conveying the concepts of number operations, especially multiplication and division. This can cause students to become bored and result in low math grades. Therefore, we intend to provide training in fingerprinting methods to class teachers at SDN Jambringin II Proppo as an alternative in teaching arithmetic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and distribution). The implementation phase of this activity begins with identifying the problem; selection of various learning methods that are suitable for overcoming problems; choosing the Jarimatika method as an alternative; material creation (PPT, handouts and audio-visual video); implementation of activities (training and assistance); and evaluation. The results of this dedication activity are: 1) the teacher gives a positive response to this activity and feels helped to teach arithmetic techniques, especially on multiplication material; 2) the teacher can apply the results of the Jarimatika training to students in the class appropriately.

Alternative Global Health Security Indexes for Risk Analysis of COVID-19.

Given the volume of research and discussion on the health, medical, economic, financial, political, and travel advisory aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, it is essential to enquire if an outbreak of the epidemic might have been anticipated, given the well-documented history of SARS and MERS, among other infectious diseases. If various issues directly related to health security risks could have been predicted accurately, public health and medical contingency plans might have been prepared and activated in advance of an epidemic such as COVID-19. This paper evaluates an important source of health security, the Global Health Security Index (2019), which provided data before the discovery of COVID-19 in December 2019. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate how countries might have been prepared for a global epidemic, or pandemic, and acted accordingly in an effective and timely manner. The GHS index numerical scores are calculated as the arithmetic (AM), geometric (GM), and harmonic (HM) means of six categories, where AM uses equal weights for each category. The GHS Index scores are regressed on the numerical score rankings of the six categories to check if the use of equal weights of 0.167 in the calculation of the GHS Index using AM is justified, with GM and HM providing a check of the robustness of the arithmetic mean. The highest weights are determined to be around 0.244–0.246, while the lowest weights are around 0.186–0.187 for AM. The ordinal GHS Index is regressed on the ordinal rankings of the six categories to check for the optimal weights in the calculation of the ordinal Global Health Security (GHS) Index, where the highest weight is 0.368, while the lowest is 0.142, so the estimated results are wider apart than for the numerical score rankings. Overall, Rapid Response and Detection and Reporting have the largest impacts on the GHS Index score, whereas Risk Environment and Prevention have the smallest effects. The quantitative and qualitative results are different when GM and HM are used.

Milton’s Arithmetic of Salvation in His Talent Sonnets 7 and 19

Milton’s Arithmetic of Salvation in His Talent Sonnets 7 and 19

(1901-4946) On the use of Heronian means in a similarity classifier

This paper introduces new similarity classi fiers using the Heronian mean, and the generalized Heronian mean operators.We examine the use of these operators at the aggregation step within the similarity classifi er. The similarity classifi er was earlier studied with other operators, in particular with an arithmetic mean, generalized mean, OWA operators, andmany more. The two classi fiers here are tested on four real world data sets, i.e., echocardiogram, fertility, horse-colic, and lung cancer. Three previously studied similarity classi fiers are used as benchmarks to the new approaches. Weobserve that the similarity classi er with a generalized Heronian mean produces good classi cation results for the tested data sets, and is therefore more suitable for use in these classi fication problems.

CURRICULUM IDEOLOGIES UNDERPINNING CURRICULUM IN TANZANIA: A PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS PERSPECTIVES

This paper discusses on the major curriculum ideologies/theories that have informed curriculum decision in the world. There are four ideologies that have been used in history of curriculum development namely Scholar Academic Ideology, Social Efficiency Ideology, Learner Centered Ideology and the Social Reconstruction Ideology. This survey type study aims to investigate pre-service science teachers’ curriculum ideologies. The participants consist of 202 pre-service science teachers enrolled in Bachelor of Science with education at Mkwawa University College of Education (A constituent college of the University of Dar es Salaam) located in Iringa Region-Tanzania. The obtained data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and arithmetic means. The findings indicate that Social Reconstruction is popular ideology concerning the learning, childhood and evaluation while at the same time it was the least popular ideology concerning the role of school, role of teachers and knowledge. Article visualizations:

أثر بعض المتغيرات الاقتصادية في التنمية السياحية الجزائر حالة دراسية للمدة(1980-2017)

في وقتنا الراهن، أصبح مقياس الحجم الأداة الأكثر إستعمالاً للتمييز بين المنشآت الصغيرة والمتوسطة والكبيرة، فضلاً عن وجود معايير دولية خاصة بتلك المنشآت لتلبية إحتياجات مجموعة عريضة من مستعملي البيانات المالية في الحصول على معلومات محاسبية تتسم بالملائمة والموثوقية والشفافية وبما يحقق أعلى مراتب الجودة في عملية الإبلاغ المالي.
 من هنا، استهدف البحث إستجلاء آراء عينة من المبحوثين حول إمكانية تطبيق المعيار الدولي للتقرير المالي للمنشآت الصغيرة ومتوسطة الحجم في إقليم كوردستان وأثره في تعزيز جودة الإبلاغ المالي عن طريق توضيح الإطار المفاهيمي للمنشآت الصغيرة ومتوسطة الحجم، والخوض في موضوعة الإبلاغ المالي وجودته، مع البحث في المعيار الدولي للتقرير المالي لتلك المنشآت، وبيان الأثر المرتقب لإمكانية تطبيقه في تعزيز جودة الإبلاغ المالي.
 وفي سبيل تحقيق أهداف البحث، تم تصميم استبانة تألفت من جزأين يمثل الجزء الأول المعلومات العامة لأفراد عينة البحث، أما الجزء الثاني فيتكون من محورين رئيسين انتظمت تحتهما(20) فقرة لجمع البيانات من عينة عشوائية قوامها(82) موزعة على عدد من المحاسبين والمـدققين الـداخليين العاملين في عدد من المنشآت الصغيرة ومتوسطة الحجم في محافظة دهوك بإقليم كوردستان، وفي ضوء ذلك جرى جمع وتحليل البيانات واختبار الفرضيات بإستخدام برمجية (SPSS) وكذلك التكرارات والنسب المئوية، والمتوسطات الحسابية لتحليل البيانات والتوصل إلى النتائج.
 وإستكمالاً لإجراءات البحث فقد تم إجراء مقابلات عديدة مع مجموعة من الخبراء وذوي الاختصاص للإفادة من آرائهم وخبراتهم بموضوعة البحث.
 وخلص البحث إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها: إن تطبيق المعيار الدولي للتقرير المالي للمنشآت الصغيرة ومتوسطة الحجم في إقليم كوردستان يمثل فرصة حقيقية لبلوغ مستويات جودة مقبولة في عملية الإبلاغ المالي، وبما ينعكس إيجاباً بإتجاه تعزيز ثقة المستفيدين كافة ودعم النمو والإزدهار الإقتصادي في الإقليم.
 كما تم تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات في ضوء ما توصل إليه البحث من إستنتاجات أبرزها: هنالك ضرورة مُلحة لتطبيق المعيار الدولي للتقرير المالي للمنشآت الصغيرة ومتوسطة الحجم في البيئة العراقية عموماً وفي إقليم كوردستان خصوصاً نظراً لخصوصية تلك المنشآت مقارنةً بالمنشآت كبيرة الحجم من جهة، فضلاً عن مواجهة تعقيدات التطبيق والممارسة الناتجة عن إعتماد المنشآت الصغيرة ومتوسطة الحجم لمعايير لا تتلائم مع طبيعة عملها من جهة أخرى.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ARITHMETIC ADDITION OPERATION IN THE SYSTEM OF RESIDUAL CLASSES

Предметом статті є розробка методу реалізації арифметичної операції додавання чисел, які представлені у системі залишкових класів (СЗК). Даний метод ґрунтується на основі використання принципу кільцевого зсуву (ПКЗ). Метою статті є зменшення часу реалізації арифметичної операції додавання чисел, які представлені у СЗК. Задачі : провести аналіз і виявити недоліки існуючих систем числення, які використовуються при побудові комп'ютерних систем і компонентів, дослідити можливі шляхи усунення виявлених недоліків, зробити оцінку часу реалізації арифметичної операції додавання на основі використання розробленого методу. Методи дослідження : методи аналізу та синтезу комп'ютерних систем, теорія чисел, теорія кодування у СЗК. Отримано наступні результати . Показано, що основним принципом реалізації арифметичних операцій у позиційних системах числення, є використання двійкових суматорів. При цьому використання таких систем числення обумовлює наявність міжрозрядних зв'язків, що в свою чергу збільшує час реалізації арифметичних операцій, а також зумовлює виникнення помилок. Встановлено, що використання непозиційної системи числення у залишкових класах дозволяє усунути зазначені недоліки, за рахунок використання основних властивостей СЗК. Особливість розробленого методу полягає у тому, що результат операції додавання чисел може бути знайдений послідовними циклічними зсувами бітів вмісту блоків даних по відповідним модулям СЗК. Використання ПКЗ дозволяє виключити вплив межрозрядних зв'язків між залишками чисел, що оброблюються, це дозволяє зменшити час реалізації операції додавання двох чисел у СЗК. Висновки . Результати проведених досліджень показали, що використання СЗК дозволяє усунути існуючі недоліки позиційних систем числення, а також підвищує швидкодію реалізації арифметичних операцій.

Corrigendum to “Sums of Kloosterman Sums over Arithmetic Progressions”

Abstract

EFFECT OF COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND RETENTION OF AUTO MECHANICS TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES

The need to improve students’ academic achievement in auto mechanics technology necessitated this study. The study investigated the effect of cognitive apprenticeship instructional method on students’ academic achievement and retention in auto mechanics technology in technical colleges in Delta State. Three research questions guided the study and three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design. Specifically, the pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group experimental design was used. Population of the study was 237 vocational II auto mechanic students in the six technical colleges in Delta State. A sample of 114 was used for the study. Instrument for data collection was Auto Mechanic Achievement Test (AMAT). The instruments was validated by three experts (two from the Department of Technology and Vocational Education and one from Measurement and Evaluation Unit of the Department of Educational Foundation all in NnamdiAzikiwe University Awka. The reliability coefficient of Auto Mechanics Achievement Test (AMAT) was established using Kunder Richardson 21 Formula and the reliability coefficients of 0.75 was obtained. Arithmetic mean was used to analyse data relating to research questions, while analysis of covariance ANCOVA was used to test the null hypotheses. Findings revealed that students taught auto mechanics technology using cognitive apprenticeship instructional method achieved and retained better than those taught with demonstration method. Conclussion was drawn that cognitive apprenticeship instructional method is an innovative and effective mode of instruction with capacity to improve students’ learning outcome. Consequently, it was recommended among others that technical teachers should use cognitive apprenticeship instructional method in teaching auto mechanics course so as to enhance students’ academic achievement and knowledge retention. Article visualizations:

Reprobación, síntoma de deserción escolar en licenciatura en Nutrición de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen

La reprobación es la decisión de un profesor o jurado respecto al deficiente desempeño académico de un alumno, por lo tanto, no se le conceden los créditos correspondientes y debe repetir el curso o volver a realizar el examen. Las implicaciones de la reprobación son graves, ya que generan baja autoestima y se consideran como una variable asociada con la deserción escolar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre el índice de reprobación e índice de deserción escolar en los estudiantes de licenciatura en Nutrición de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen. El presente estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance exploratorio, descriptivo y diseño no experimental con una delineación transversal. La determinación del índice de reprobación y la tasa de deserción se obtuvo con estadística descriptiva y la correlación entre la reprobación y la deserción escolar se determinó con la prueba de Pearson. Se consideró la población total de 391 estudiantes que ingresó a dicho programa entre agosto-diciembre 2010 y agosto-diciembre 2017, con la que se determinó el índice de reprobación. De los resultados obtenidos se identificó que el índice de reprobación general encontrado fue de 24.24 % ± 12.68 y con una media de apertura de cursos de 8.79 ± 3.06. El comportamiento identificado por los estudiantes ante la deserción mostró una media de 2.35 ± 0.98 ciclos avanzados, una media de 8.6 ± 3.15 cursos aprobados y una media 6.46 ± 2.74 de cursos reprobados al momento de desertar. La correlación entre el índice de desertores por cohorte generacional (2010 a 2017) y el índice de reprobación por cohorte generacional (2010 a 2017) en estudiantes de la licenciatura en Nutrición, a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, fue de 0.939 y un valor de p = 0.001. Asimismo, 96 % de los estudiantes desertores en sus trayectorias escolares tienen entre 40 % y 80 % de cursos reprobados. Un fenómeno identificado en el presente estudio fue el comportamiento de un estudiante desertor con respecto a los ciclos promedios que avanza y el promedio de cursos aprobados y reprobados; se encontró una media de 2.35 ± 0.98 ciclos avanzados, una media de 8.6 ± 3.15 cursos aprobados y una media 6.46 ± 2.74 de cursos reprobados al momento de desertar. Las implicaciones de un alto índice de reprobación son graves y se pueden considerar como una variable asociada con la deserción escolar, lo cual puede suponer un problema de calidad educativa.

ON THE NUMBER OF ARITHMETIC ACTIONS IN THE GREVILLE ALGORITHM

ON THE NUMBER OF ARITHMETIC ACTIONS IN THE GREVILLE ALGORITHM

Design and Implementation of FIR Filter using Pipelined Distributed Arithmetic

Design and Implementation of FIR Filter using Pipelined Distributed Arithmetic

Imprecise vector: Membership Surface and its arithmetic

Imprecise vector: Membership Surface and its arithmetic

Comparative evaluation of flow rate of four different endodontic sealers: An in vitro study

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the flow abilities of four different root canal sealers namely, AH Plus, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex, Sealapex, and Adseal. Materials and Methods: According to the method proposed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specification 6876/2012 (root canal sealing materials), a volume of 0.05 ml of the cement was taken and mixed according to the manufacturer's recommendation and placed on a glass plate. At 180 ± 5 s after mixing, the second glass plate of 20 g was placed on top of the sealer, followed by the weight of mass 100 g to make a total mass on the plate of 120 ± 2 g. After 10 min from the start of mixing, the weight was removed and the diameter of the compressed disc of sealer was measured. The mean of five such values for each sealer was taken as the flow of the material. Results: The flow obtained for the sealers are as follows: 21.84 mm for Adseal, 20.01 mm for AH Plus, 22.43 mm for MTA Fillapex, and 19.84 mm for Sealapex. The results were expressed as arithmetic means, and the statistical analysis was then performed for the mean values using ANOVA and Tukey's tests using SPSS 16.0 and a value of Conclusion: All the sealers tested conform to ISO specification that requires that a sealer should have a diameter of not

Correlation between reduced work speed and noise annoyance due to exposure to low-frequency noises

Aim: Low-frequency sounds are generated from many sources in both the occupational and nonoccupational environments. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-frequency noise (LFN) on the working speed and the rate of annoyance of the subjects under study. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional/interventional study was performed in the sound and vibration laboratory of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Simple random sampling was used to select the subjects. In this study, the working speed of the subjects was evaluated using mental arithmetic test and the rate of the perceived annoyance was measured using ISO 15666 in Likert format (0–11) due to exposure to noise sources. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant statistical difference in the rate of the individuals' working speed Between 0 and 90 min at the frequency of 125 Hz and the sound level of 95 dB (P = 0.029). There was a statistically significant difference between the frequencies of 125 and 1000 Hz at the sound pressure level of 85 dB and the 45 min time (P = 0.001) and 90 min (P = 0.001) as well as at the 95 dB sound pressure level at 45 min (P = 001) and 90 min (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that increasing sound pressure levels and the exposure time in both LFN and high-frequency noises, increased the working speed and the amount of perceived annoyance in individuals.

Aprovechamiento escolar en aritmética: Objeto de aprendizaje en lengua de señas mexicana para sordos

El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener evidencia de que se logra y favorece el aprovechamiento escolar, en específico en el área de la aritmética, con el empleo de un objeto de aprendizaje digital en estudiantes sordos que se comunican mediante la lengua de señas mexicana. Esto a través de una investigación de tipo cuantitativo experimental que consideró una muestra de 30 estudiantes de tercer grado de primaria en el municipio de Querétaro, México, quienes se distribuyeron en dos grupos: de control y experimental.
 El instrumento y los datos obtenidos se validaron mediante la prueba estadística parametrizada t-Student: el resultado fue de 95 % de intervalo de confianza. Además, se midió la confiabilidad de la prueba previa y la prueba posterior con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, y el aprovechamiento escolar se comprobó con el indicador estadístico de la ganancia normalizada de Hake. De esta manera, se concluyó que se favorece el aprovechamiento escolar con el uso de tecnología educativa. Se determinó que en el grupo experimental se observó una mejoría moderada en las operaciones de adición, sustracción, multiplicación y división de la aritmética, en comparación con las reportadas en el grupo de control. Finalmente, se recomienda la participación activa de las personas con déficit auditivo en la educación.

Assessment of population structure and genetic diversity study of landraces and elite rice varieties commonly grown in Nigeria

A set of 21 rice genotypes including both elite varieties and landraces were characterised based on their population structure using genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) markers. A model-based method was used to delineate clusters of individuals based on their genotypes at multiple loci using a Bayesian approach. The population structure analysis separated the 21 genotypes into 3 sub-populations and the grouping were consistent with the ancestral heritage of most of the genotypes whose pedigree is known. Whereas, further clustering analysis based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), separated the 21 genotypes into 5 clusters. The reason for the disparity in the number clusters may be because of the different grouping methods. The knowledge obtained from both population structure and genetic diversity of the selected rice genotypes is an important contribution to future development of rice varieties for deferent agro-ecological zones in Nigeria.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Bullying among Female Students in Governmental Secondary Schools in Royal Commission of Yanbu City, 2018

Background: Bullying is a worldwide issue and is considered the most common form of violence between students and teachers in schools. Despite of that, it was not studied sufficiently in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and determinants of bullying problem among female students in governmental secondary schools, in Royal Commission of Yanbu city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Taif city, including a representative random sample of male secondary schools enrolled in private and governmental schools throughout the academic year 2018-2019. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. It included socio-demographic characteristics of the students as well as the Arabic version of Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) to assess SAD among them. Results: The study included 360 female students with a 100% response rate. Their age ranged between 15 and 19 years with an arithmetic mean of 17.02 years and standard deviation (SD) of 0.87 years. The prevalence of bullying behaviour among them was 55.6%; 25.3% as victims, 6.7% as bullies and 23.6% as bully-victims. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that students with skin problems (Adjusted OR=2.82, 95% CI=1.29, 6.17, p=0.010), sight problems (Adjusted OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.02-3.48, p=0.043), smokers (Adjusted OR=3.38, 95% CI=1.51-7.54, p=0.003), those with 3-5 and >5 close friends (Adjusted OR=3.42, 95% CI=1.71-6.83, p=0.001 and Adjusted OR=3.65, 95% CI=1.96-6.81, pConclusion: Bullying behaviour is a prevalent problem among female secondary schools at Royal Commission of Yanbu city with identified several risk factors.

Generalized arithmetic subderivative

Generalized arithmetic subderivative

A Renaissance mathematician’s art

Piero della Francesca is best known as a painter but he was also a mathematician. His treatise
 De prospectiva pingendi is a superb example of a union between the fne arts and mathemati‑
 cal sciences of arithmetic and geometry. In this paper, I explain some reasons why his paint‑
 ing is considered as a part of perspective and, therefore, can be identifed with a branch of
 geometry.