Pricing Of Arithmetic Asian Options Research Articles

Pricing of Arithmetic Asian Options under Stochastic Volatility Dynamics: Overcoming the Risks of High-Frequency Trading

This research extended the model developed by Hull and White by integrating Taylor-series expansion into the model for deriving approximate analytical solutions for stochastic volatility forward-starting Asian options. Numerical experiments were performed to compare the proposed model with the Monte Carlo model over numerous simulations and demonstrated that the developed model has a pricing accuracy greater than 99%. Furthermore, the computation time was approximately 10−5 s for each simulation. The model’s outstanding computational performance demonstrates its capability to address the challenges of high-frequency trading.

Adomian decomposition method for analytical solution of a continuous arithmetic Asian option pricing model

One of the main issues of concern in financial mathematics has been a viable method for obtaining analytical solutions of the Black-Scholes model associated with Arithmetic Asian Option (AAO). In this paper, a proposed semi-analytical technique: Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) is applied for the first time, for analytical solution of a continuous arithmetic Asian option model. The ADM gives the solution in explicit form with few iterations. The computational work involved is less. However, high level of accuracy is not neglected. The obtained solution conforms with those of Rogers and Shi (J. of Applied Probability 32: 1995, 1077-1088), and Elshegmani and Ahmad (ScienceAsia, 39S: 2013, 67–69). Thus, the proposed method is highly recommended for analytical solution of other versions of Asian option pricing models such as the geometric form for puts and calls, even in their time-fractional forms.

The Greek parameters of a continuous arithmetic Asian option pricing model via Laplace Adomian decomposition method

Abstract The Greek parameters in option pricing are derivatives used in hedging against option risks. In this paper, the Greeks of the continuous arithmetic Asian option pricing model are derived. The derivation is based on the analytical solution of the continuous arithmetic Asian option model obtained via a proposed semi-analytical method referred to as Laplace-Adomian decomposition method (LADM). The LADM gives the solution in explicit form with few iterations. The computational work involved is less. Nonetheless, high level of accuracy is not neglected. The obtained analytical solutions are in good agreement with those of Rogers & Shi (J. of Applied Probability 32: 1995, 1077-1088), and Elshegmani & Ahmad (ScienceAsia, 39S: 2013, 67–69). The proposed method is highly recommended for analytical solution of other forms of Asian option pricing models such as the geometric put and call options, even in their time-fractional forms. The basic Greeks obtained are the Theta, Delta, Speed, and Gamma which will be of great help to financial practitioners and traders in terms of hedging and strategy.

Efficient Option Pricing by Frame Duality with the Fast Fourier Transform

We develop a method for efficiently inverting analytic characteristic functions using frame projection, as in the case of Heston's model and exponential Levy models. Utilizing the duality theory of Riesz bases, we derive analytical formulas for coefficients of the orthogonally projected density, which are computed numerically with exponential convergence by the FFT. Convergence is demonstrated for geometric Asian options as well as the pricing of baskets of European options. The method is compared to state-of-the-art procedures to demonstrate its efficiency and robustness, without requiring any user-supplied control parameters. Even greater improvement is observed for the method's extension to arithmetic Asian option pricing, as well as for Bermudan and barrier options, and credit default swaps, which will appear in follow up papers that expand on the foundations developed in this work.

Efficient Option Pricing by Frame Duality with the Fast Fourier Transform

We develop a method for efficiently inverting analytic characteristic functions using frame projection, as in the case of Heston's model and exponential Levy models. Utilizing the duality theory of Riesz bases, we derive analytical formulas for coefficients of the orthogonally projected density, which are computed numerically with exponential convergence by the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Convergence is demonstrated for geometric Asian options as well as the pricing of baskets of European options. The method is compared to state-of-the-art procedures to demonstrate its efficiency and robustness, without requiring any user-supplied “control parameters.” Even greater improvement is observed in the method's extension to arithmetic Asian option pricing, as well as to Bermudan options, barrier options, and credit default swaps, which will appear in follow-up papers that expand on the foundations developed in this work.

Pricing arithmetic asian options under the cev process

This paper discusses the pricing of arithmetic Asian options when the underlying stock follows the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) process. We build a binomial tree method to estimate the CEV process and use it to price arithmetic Asian options. We find that the binomial tree method for the lognormal case can effectively solve the computational problems arising from the inherent complexities of arithmetic Asian options when the stock price follows CEV process. We present numerical results to demonstrate the validity and the convergence of the approach for the different parameter values set in CEV process.

The Effect of Credit Risks on Asian Options Pricing

Due to the fact that the over-the-counter (OTC) market has no organized exchange, the options traded in the OTC market are more likely to be exposed to the credit risk. Asian option is one of them. In this paper we first discuss the pricing of arithmetic Asian options and the Black-Scholes options model subject to the credit risk. We then combine the two models to derive an explicit approximation formula for pricing an arithmetic Asian option subject to the credit risk. The numerical analysis reveals that our formula can get accurate result. In addition, the pricing formulae existed in the literature can cause serious pricing errors when there is a possibility of default in reality.

Asians and Cash Dividends: Exploiting Symmetries in Pricing Theory

In this article we present new results for the pricing of arithmetic Asian options within a Black-Scholes context. To derive these results we make extensive use of the local scale invariance that exists in the theory of contingent claim pricing. This allows us to derive, in a natural way, a simple PDE for the price of arithmetic Asians options. In the case of European average strike options, a proper choice of numeraire reduces the dimension of this PDE to one, leading to a PDE similar to the one derived by Rogers and Shi. We solve this PDE, finding a Laplace-transform representation for the price of average strike options, both seasoned and unseasoned. This extends the results of Geman and Yor, who discussed the case of average price options. Next we use symmetry arguments to show that prices of average strike and average price options can be expressed in terms of each other. Finally we show, again using symmetries, that plain vanilla options on stocks paying known cash dividends are closely related to arithmetic Asians, so that all the new techniques can be directly applied to this case.