Argyranthemum Frutescens Research Articles

Optimizing Organic Fertilization for Marguerite Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens): Impact of Application Rate and Frequency on Growth and Yield

Edible flowers are a new market for horticulture plants. Beyond their attractive shapes and colors, this group of plants contains secondary metabolites that benefit human health. This study aims to investigate the growth and flower yield of marguerite daisies using organic fertilizer at different rates and frequencies. The experiment was designed as a factorial, completely randomized design with two factors: fertilizer rate (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times compared to the total nitrogen content in chemical fertilizer) and frequency of organic fertilizer application (every 30 and 15 days). Slow-release chemical fertilizer (Osmocote 13-13-13) was used as a control. The experiment reveals that the rate of organic fertilizer application significantly affected the growth and flower yield of Marguerite daisy. Still, the frequency of organic fertilizer application did not significantly affect it. Application at 1.5 times yielded the most significant growth and flower production compared to 0.5 and 1 times of application. When comparing the results of organic fertilizer application with 13-13-13 chemical fertilizer, it was found that applying organic fertilizer 1.0 times and 1.5 times every 15 or 30 days resulted in similar plant growth and flower size as with the chemical fertilizer (p>0.05). However, chemical fertilizer produced the highest chlorophyll index (SPAD), accumulated flower buds, and flower blooming per pot (p<0.05). The plant requires more than 1.5 times the organic fertilizer application to achieve flower production equivalent to chemical fertilizer.

Promoting flower yields, photosynthetic pigments and some secondary metabolite in Marguerite daisy (Chrysanthemum frutescens L.) cut flower under the smart farming system by pinching technique

Promoting flower yields, photosynthetic pigments and some secondary metabolite in Marguerite daisy (<i>Chrysanthemum frutescens</i> L.) cut flower under the smart farming system by pinching technique

Farklı IBA (İndol-3-Bütirik Asit) dozlarının Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. (Çeşme Papatyası) çeliklerinin büyüme ve gelişmesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada farklı IBA dozlarının (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000 ve 8000 ppm) Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. (Çeşme Papatyası) çeliklerinin büyüme ve gelişmesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Peyzaj değeri yüksek olan, estetik ve fonksiyonel açıdan uygulama projelerinde sıklıkla kullanılan bu taksonun üretiminin artırılması önemlidir. Çelikler için köklendirme ortamı olarak %100 perlit kullanılmıştır. Ağustos (2022) ile Şubat (2023) ayları arasında Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, Zihni Derin Yerleşkesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü’ne ait sera ortamında gerçekleştirilen çalışma 8 tekrarlı ve her tekrarda 30 çelik alınacak şekilde yürütülmüştür. Argyranthemum frutescens çelikleri altı ay süreyle perlit ortamında tutulduktan sonra çeliklerin boy ölçümü, köklenme oranı, kök uzunluğu, toprak altı ve toprak üstü biyokütle ağırlığı ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda kullanılan hormonlar arasından Argyranthemum frutescens bitkisinin çelikleri için en uygun IBA hormonu 1000 ppm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çeliklerin en yüksek boy ortalamasına sahip olduğu hormon 5000 ppm, en kısa boy ortalamasına sahip olduğu hormon ise 3000 ppm olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada genel olarak düşük seviyelerde IBA konsantrasyonlarında iyi sonuçlar elde edildiği için 1000 ppm altındaki IBA konsantrasyonlarının kullanılarak yeni çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses provide insights into the mechanisms of capitulum architecture in Argyranthemum frutescens (Asteraceae)

The capitulum is a crucial Asteraceae innovation; however, the molecular mechanisms of its development remain elusive. Here, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying floret development of Argyranthemum frutescens, whose capitula produce ray (R), disk (D) and trans (T) florets. Up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation and lipid accumulation were significantly enriched in T. DEGs in the tryptophan metabolism pathway were up-regulated in R, and DEGs in the abscisic acid synthesis pathway were up-regulated in D. Auxin and abscisic acid occurred as a reverse distribution gradient in the three floret types. TCP, WOX transcription factors and ABCE genes were identified and analyzed. Our results suggest that cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis regulates the formation of petal cuticle by upregulating the content of lipids in T, thereby improving the reproductive efficiency of A. frutescens. Auxin and abscisic acid co-regulate floret development in a concentration dependent manner in A. frutescens, and expression of flower development genes was strongly correlated with the IAA content. These results enable a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of capitulum formation in A. frutescens and increase our understanding of capitulum diversity in Asteraceae.

Obtainment and confirmation of intergeneric hybrids between marguerite (Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip.) and two Rhodanthemum species (R. hosmariense (Ball) B. H. Wilcox, K. Bremer & Humphries and R. catananche (Ball) B. H. Wilcox, K. Bremer & Humphries).

Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. and Rhodanthemum gayanum (Coss. & Durieu) B. H. Wilcox, K. Bremer & Humphries are capable of hybridization. To expand flower color variation in this intergeneric hybrid group, we performed crosses using A. frutescens as the seed parent and R. hosmariense (Ball) B. H. Wilcox, K. Bremer & Humphries, R. catananche (Ball) B. H. Wilcox, K. Bremer & Humphries as the pollen parent. One plantlet was obtained from each cross between the white to pale pink-flowered A. frutescens and white-flowered R. hosmariense, and from a cross between the pink-flowered A. frutescens and cream to pale yellow-flowered R. catananche, via ovule culture. The cross with R. hosmariense produced an individual with white to pale pink ray florets, and the cross with R. catananche produced an individual with red ray florets. The flower and leaf shape of the progenies was intermediate between the parents, and other morphological traits were also characterized in the same manner. Morphological observations and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker-based determination, using the internal transcribed spacer region as a target for amplification and the restriction enzyme Afl II, revealed that both individuals are hybrids between A. frutescens and R. hosmariense, R. catananche. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that crossbreeding between A. frutescens (seed parent) and R. hosmariense, R. catananche (pollen parent) is possible. Moreover, further development of Argyranthemum breeding, especially that of a series of hybrid cultivars with different flower colors, is expected.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis reveals abscisic acid signal transduction and sugar metabolism pathways as defense responses to cold stress in Argyranthemum frutescens

Argyranthemum frutescens is an important ornamental plant, whose distribution and application is limited owing to its susceptibility to low temperatures. The molecular mechanisms underlying the response of A. frutescens to cold stress is unknown. We used physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses to characterize responses of A. frutescens subjected to 12 h (Mu12) and 24 h (Mu24) of low-temperature treatment. The results showed enhanced s uperoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during low temperature treatment and an increase in soluble sugar content at 12 h followed by a sharp decrease. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in A. frutescens plants exposed to low temperature. The up-regulated DEGs related to flavonoid biosynthesis, circadian rhythm, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism were significantly enriched in 12 h and 24 h compared to control, while those related to photosynthesis-antenna protein and photosynthesis pathway were down-regulated. Increased expression of transcription factors (TFs), including MYB, AP2-EREBP, and NAC indicated their role in triggering cold-responsive genes in A. frutescens . In total, 205 differentially accumulated metabolites were enriched during the low-temperature treatment, including amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids. Levels of eleven common metabolites, including abscisic acid, were up-regulated following cold treatment. In addition, sucrose, trehalose, and maltose accumulated at 12 h, but their levels decreased at 24 h. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed that abscisic acid signal transduction showed a positive response under the low-temperature treatment and sugar metabolism as an early response to cold stress in A. frutescens . These results reveal the potential underlying mechanisms of the low-temperature response of A. frutescens, which would help improve the cold tolerance of A. frutescens and enable extended cultivation in temperate regions in the future. • Omics integration was performed to characterize cold responses of Argyranthemum frutescens. • SOD activity was enhanced during the low temperature treatment and soluble sugars content was increased at 12 h then decreased. • DEGs related to flavonoid biosynthesis, circadian rhythm, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were up-regulated, while DEGs involved in photosynthesis pathway were down-regulated. • ABA signal transduction and sugar metabolism pathways has positive response to cold stress in A.frutescens • TFs, including MYB, AP2-EREBP, and NAC have important role in cold tolerance of A. frutescens .

Characterization of the Chloroplast Genome of Argyranthemum frutescens and a Comparison with Other Species in Anthemideae.

Argyranthemum frutescens, which belongs to the Anthemideae (Asteraceae), is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of A. frutescens was obtained based on the sequences generated by Illumina HiSeq. The chloroplast genome of A. frutescens was 149,626 base pairs (bp) in length, containing a pair of inverted repeats (IR, 24,510 bp) regions separated by a small single-copy (SSC, 18,352 bp) sequence and a large single-copy (LSC, 82,254 bp) sequence. The genome contained 132 genes, consisting of 85 coding DNA sequences, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, with nineteen genes duplicated in the IR region. A comparison chloroplast genome analysis among ten species from the tribe of Anthemideae revealed that the chloroplast genome size varied, but the genome structure, gene content, and oligonucleotide repeats were highly conserved. Highly divergent regions, e.g., ycf1, trnK-psbK, petN-psbM intronic, were detected. Phylogenetic analysis supported Argyranthemum as a separate genus. The findings of this study will be helpful in the exploration of the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe of Anthemideae and contribute to the breeding improvement of A. frutescens.

Intergeneric hybridization of marguerite (Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip.) and Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.) using ovule culture and confirmation of hybridity.

To introduce useful characteristics such as fragrance into Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) and to expand the variation, we conducted crosses using A. frutescens as the seed parent and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. as the pollen parent. All the tested cross combinations between the three strains of A. frutescens and one strain of C. nobile produced embryos, and healthy plants were obtained by ovule culture. The obtained plantlets had a white ray floret, and the leaf shape was intermediate to those of the parents. The individuals obtained from this cross were subjected to two methods to determine hybridity: flow cytometry analyses and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. For the CAPS marker, we selected the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, which is highly variable among the genera, as the region to be amplified. We selected restriction enzymes BmgT120 I and Afl II, which selectively cut common sequences in the genus Argyranthemum, based on the sequence analysis of one parent strain each of A. frutescens and C. nobile and alignment with known sequences of related species. Flow cytometry analyses and CAPS markers revealed that the individuals obtained from the cross between A. frutescens and C. nobile are intergeneric hybrids. In addition, these established methods were capable of quickly and reliably identifying hybrids between A. frutescens and C. nobile. This report shows for the first time that crossbreeding between A. frutescens (seed parent) and C. nobile (pollen parent) is possible, and further development of Argyranthemum breeding, such as the expansion of variation by intergeneric crosses, is expected.

The results of the study on cultivars of Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip. in the “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute)

A new study on several cultivars of Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. has been conducted in the “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute). In the process of research, the regenerative ability of plants was studied and the optimal techniques of propagation were established for the tested cultivars. When assessing the decorativeness, the length of the fl owering stage and the morphological characteristics of various cultivars of A. frutescens were recorded. Characteristics and suggested uses of 12 cultivars of A. frutescens are given below.

Spatial patterning of scent in petunia corolla is discriminated by bees and involves the ABCG1 transporter.

Floral guides are patterned cues that direct the pollinator to the plant reproductive organs. The spatial distribution of showy visual and olfactory traits allows efficient plant-pollinator interactions. Data on the mechanisms underlying floral volatile patterns or their interactions with pollinators are lacking. Here we characterize the spatial emission patterns of volatiles from the corolla of the model plant Petunia×hybrida and reveal the ability of honeybees to distinguish these patterns. Along the adaxial epidermis, in correlation with cell density, the petal base adjacent to reproductive organs emitted significantly higher levels of volatiles than the distal petal rim. Volatile emission could also be differentiated between the two epidermal surfaces: emission from the adaxial side was significantly higher than that from the abaxial side. Similar emission patterns were also observed in other petunias, Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) and Argyranthemum frutescens (Marguerite daisy). Analyses of transcripts involved in volatile production/emission revealed lower levels of the plasma-membrane transporter ABCG1 in the abaxial versus adaxial epidermis. Transient overexpression of ABCG1 enhanced emission from the abaxial epidermis to the level of the adaxial epidermis, suggesting its involvement in spatial emission patterns in the epidermal layers. Proboscis extension response experiments showed that differences in emission levels along the adaxial epidermis, that is, petal base versus rim, detected by GC-MS are also discernible by honeybees.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of SOC1 Homologue Gene in Argyranthemum Frutescens

Cloning and Expression Analysis of SOC1 Homologue Gene in Argyranthemum Frutescens

The cultivation of Argyranthemum frutescens L. in the "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National botanical garden (Institute) and prospects for its development

Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.Bip. (clade Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Asterales, family Asteraceae, genus Argyranthemum Webb ex Sch. Bip) is commonly named Paris daisy, marguerite or marguerite daisy. The species was formerly considered part of the genus Chrysanthemum, but now it is placed in an independent genus – Argyranthemum, which includes 23 species. The research was carried out in the greenhouse and on the experimental site of the Floriculture Laboratory of the “Alexandru Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute). The article presents the results of studying the ontogenetic stages and biological characteristics of various cultivars of Argyranthemum frutescens L. Eight cultivars of Argyranthemum frutescens L. served as research subjects (White Swan, AngelicTMLemon, AngelicTMMagentа, Neptun, Pink Delight, Perfection pink, Burgundy, Giant Pink ). In accordance with the methodology, the study on cultivars was carried out taking into account the shape of the bush, the density of the foliage, the height and habit of the bush, the size and colour of the leaves, the shape, size, type and colour of inflorescences. The regenerative abilities and the capacity to produce shoots of marguerite daisy were studied. The optimal time for propagation, the length and intensity of the flowering phase of the introduced cultivars have been determined. The optimal conditions for their successful propagation and cultivation in Moldova have been established. On the basis of observations, the economic value and the best uses of marguerite daisy in landscape design have been determined. According to the results of the study on cultivars, their characteristics have been determined. It has been found that the main stages of ontogenesis in Argyranthemum frutescens L. are not clearly defined. The onset of a certain stage of development and its duration depends on climatic conditions. Some agricultural techniques for growing Argyranthemum frutescens L. under the given soil and climatic conditions have been developed.

Development of the sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for distinction of intergeneric hybrids between Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip. and Rhodanthemum gayanum (Cross. & Durieu) B.H. Wilcox, K. Bremer & Humphries.

Distinction of intergeneric hybrids between Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip. and Rhodanthemum gayanum (Cross. & Durieu) B.H. Wilcox, K. Bremer & Humphries is important for the development of new intergeneric hybrids. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and cost-effective DNA marker to distinguish between a large number of putative hybrids of A. frutescens × R. gayanum during primary selection. We designed sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers based on the genetic sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for A. frutescens and R. gayanum. Specific SCAR markers for A. frutescens amplified bands in A. frutescens and hybrids but not in R. gayanum. In contrast, specific SCAR markers for R. gayanum amplified bands in R. gayanum and hybrids but not in A. frutescens. Additionally, we confirmed the reproducibility of the SCAR marker using 31 cultivars. The findings demonstrated that these SCAR markers could be used to distinguish putative hybrids between A. frutescens and R. gayanum. This is the first report of the development of a SCAR marker to facilitate distinction of these hybrids.

AfLFY, a LEAFY homolog in Argyranthemum frutescens, controls flowering time and leaf development

Flowering is important for plant propagation and survival, and it is also closely related to human life. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying flower development is essential for plant improvement and breeding. Flower development is a complex physiological process that is regulated by multiple genes. LFY genes play important roles in the floral meristem transition and act as crucial integrators in regulating the floral gene network. Argyranthemum frutescens is an ornamental species cultivated for floral displays, yet little is known about molecular mechanisms driving its flower development. In this study, the LEAFY gene homologue, AfLFY, was identified and cloned from A. frutescens, and its role and expression patterns were characterized. Two distinct copies of AfLFY were found in the A. frutescens genome and both sequences contained a 1248 bp open reading frame that encoded 415 amino acids. The putative protein sequences have a typical LFY family domain. In addition, AfLFY was expressed at the highest levels in young leaves of the vegetative stage and in the shoot apical bud meristem of the reproductive stage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AfLFY was most closely related to DFL from Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium. Subcellular localization studies revealed that AfLFY localized to the nucleus. Heterologous expression of AfLFY in transgenic tobacco plants shortened its period of vegetative growth, converted the lateral meristems into terminal flowers and promoted precocious flowering. In addition, transgenic plants exhibited obvious morphological changes in leaf shape. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression levels genes related to flowering, FT, SOC1, and AP1 were significantly upregulated in AfLFY transgenic plants. Our findings suggested that the AfLFY gene plays a vital role in promoting flowering and leaf development in A. frutescens. These results laid a foundation for us to understand the mechanism of AfLFY in regulation flowering, and the results will be helpful in improving A. frutescens through molecular breeding.

Contact sensitization to florists' chrysanthemums and marguerite daisies in Denmark: A 21-year experience.

Both florists' chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum cultivars) and marguerite daisies (Argyranthemum frutescens [L.] Sch.Bip. and its varieties and cultivars) are popular ornamental plants in Denmark. To present results of aimed patch testing with chrysanthemum and marguerite daisy extracts in Danish patients with Compositae sensitization. The results of patch testing with chrysanthemum extract 3% petrolatum (pet.) and marguerite daisy extract 3% pet. (and possibly 1% pet.) from 1998 to 2019 were analyzed. Altogether, 111/191 (58%) patients tested positive to chrysanthemum extract and 104/179 (58%) tested positive to marguerite daisy. The majority was recreationally exposed, and most reactions were considered relevant. Feverfew extract 1% pet., Compositae mix 5% or 6% pet., or parthenolide 0.1% pet. may cross-react with chrysanthemum; Compositae mix seems to be best at detecting sensitization to marguerite daisy. In areas where exposure to chrysanthemum or marguerite daisies is prevalent, it is suggested to include extracts of these plants in the plant series to improve diagnosis of, and advice to, Compositae-allergic patients.

Fungal systematics and evolution : FUSE 4

Eight new species presented are Calostoma areolatum collected in Wuyishan National Park (China), Crinipellis bidens from Hubei Province (China), Lactifluus sainii from Himalayan India, Inocybe elata from Yunnan (China), Inocybe himalayensis from Pakistan. Specimens previously identified as Massalongia carnosa represent a new species, namely M. patagonica restricted to southern South America. Saprolegnia maragheica is a new oomycete species of fresh water in Maraghe (Iran). Uncispora wuzhishanensis is a new aquatic hyphomycete species. A type specimen of Raddetes turkestanicus was studied and based on this the new combination Conocybe turkestanica, is proposed. Argyranthemum frutescens is a new host for Alternaria alternata and Syzygium cumini for Phyllosticta capitalensis in India. Crepidotus ehrendorferi is confirmed for Hungary and Pluteus leucoborealis for Central Europe, and for the phytogeographical region of Carpaticum. Pseudopithomyces palmicola is shown to occur on grapevine and it is validated by adding a unique identifier. Terfezia fanfani is reported first from Algeria.

Evidence for an expanded host range of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi

Fusarium oxysporum, associated with wilt symptoms, has been reported in commercial nurseries in Northern Italy in several hosts of the Asteraceae family, such as chrysanthemum, Paris daisy, African daisy, and gerbera. Forma specialis chrysanthemi was assigned as the causal agent of this wilt disease. Severe wilting has recently been observed on the new Asteraceae host, orange coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida). Morphological observations and sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) gene have indicated the involvement of F. oxysporum in this disease. The objective of this study was to identify the forma specialis of F. oxysporum isolated from orange coneflower. This was achieved by means of pathogenicity tests and phylogenetic analyses on the EF-1α and intergenic spacer (IGS) regions performed on single-spore isolates. The results of this study have characterized Fusarium oxysporum on orange coneflower for the first time. F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi was identified as the causal agent of the wilt disease. This represents the first report of this forma specialis on orange coneflower in Italy, as well as in the world.

Influence of paclobutrazol and cycocel sprays on the growth, flowering and chemical composition of potted Chrysanthemum frutescens plant

A pot experimental study was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of paclobutrazol at 0.0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm and cycocel at 0.0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm on growth, flowering and chemical composition of potted Chrysanthemum frutescens plant. Uniform terminal cuttings were planted in 8 cm plastic pots containing 1:1 mixture of peat moss and sand. On March 1st 2013 and 2014, uniform well rooted cuttings were repotted in 20 cm diameter plastic pots filled with a mixture of 1 clay: 1 sand :1 peat moss (v:v:v). After one month from the repotting process, plants received four sprays of paclobutrazol at 20, 40 and 60 ppm and cycocel at 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm plus tap water as control at two weeks intervals. The obtained results cleared that all paclobutrazol and cycocel concentrations decreased plant height, particularly paclobutrazol at 60 ppm in both seasons. Meanwhile, all applied treatments of paclobutrazol and cycocel statistically increased branches number / plant to reach its maximum with the highest concentration for each. The heaviest fresh and dry weights of leaves/plant were gained by 3000 ppm cycocel-sprayed plants in the two seasons. Also, paclobutrazol and cycocel treatments delayed the flowering of Chrysanthemum frutescens plant when compared with control plants which induced the earliest flowering in both seasons. The highest number of flowers/ plant was scored by 60 ppm paclobutrazol -sprayed plants. Whereas, the heaviest flowers fresh and dry weights/plant were scored by 3000 ppm cycocel-sprayed plants in the two seasons. Moreover, the highest show value (plant width/ height ratio) was recorded with paclobutrazol and cycocel at the highest concentration in the two seasons. The highest number of roots/plant was scored by 60 ppm paclobutrazol-sprayed plants, while the heaviest fresh and dry weights were registered by 3000 ppm cycocel-sprayed plants in both seasons. Furthermore, paclobutrazol and cycocel treatments statistically increased leaf NPK, total carbohydrates and total chlorophylls contents, being superior in the highest concentrations as compared with un-sprayed plants in the two seasons. All paclobutrazol and cycocel treatments increased leaf total phenols content (mg/ 100g F.W) but they still reduced total indoles (mg/100g F.W) of Chrysanthemum frutescens leaves.

Amber Particles as Living Plant Cell Markers in Flow Cytometry / Dzintara Daļiņas Kā Dzīvu Augu Šūnu Marķieri Plūsmas Citometrijā

Abstract The unique biological properties of amber are well known. Amber particles that penetrate into the cellular matrix can potentially be used as markers of plant cell biological activity by identification of living cells in flow cytometry. However, there have been no studies on effect of amber particles on plant cells. The aim of this study was to determine effect of amber nano- and micro- (5 nm-3 μm) particles on somatic and gametic cells and to assess the possibility to use amber particles as alive plant cells markers. To reach the aim, fluorescence of cells was determined in the presence of amber particles, and amber components - spirit of amber and sodium succinate dibasic hexahydrate. Cell fluorescence was measured using a BD FACSJazz® cell sorter for several plants species (Argyranthemum frutescens, Cyclamen persicum, Hordeum vulgare and Linum usitatissimum) with and without treatment of amber. Differences between a control cell group (without amber treatment) and treated cell group with amber particles depended on plant species. The presence of amber components (alcohol soluble amber fraction and sodium succinate) in cultivation media mostly had no influence on cell fluorescence. The study showed that amber particles (size 5 nm-3 μm) can be used as living plant cell markers, as the presence of amber particles in plant cell cultivation media resulted in substantially increased plant cell fluorescence in all investigated species, and there was no detrimental effect of amber particles on plant cells.

Editorial: "Agrobacterium biology and its application to transgenic plant production".

Editorial: "Agrobacterium biology and its application to transgenic plant production".