Argumentation System Research Articles

What Time is Not

Abstract In one of the most famous but equally obscure passages in the Timaeus, Plato describes the generation of time and the heavens. The “moving image of eternity” (37d5) is commonly read as Plato’s most general characterisation of time. Rémi Brague famously challenged the traditional interpretation on linguistic grounds by claiming that Plato actually did not conceive of time as an image (εἰκών) but rather as a number (ἀριθμός). In this paper, I shall claim that this controversy is by no means a modern one. The traditional interpretation is mostly owed to Plato’s most prominent reader, Plotinus, who famously conceives of time in relation to eternity (Enn. III.7.13.24-25). Brague’s alternative reading, however, is anticipated by Simplicius’ attempt to refute the Plotinian interpretation, as I shall show. According to my reconstruction, Simplicius’ reading of the Timaeus not only shows why the traditional interpretation falls short, but it also offers a systematic argument that bolsters Brague’s alternative reading. Finally, I shall show that this is consistent with Plato’s text. It shall become clear that current interpretative problems are essentially prefigured in the late ancient debate.

On the strength of arguments related to standardization in risk management regulations

Risk-informed decision-making is a key concept in regulatory regimes covering a wide range of technical disciplines and risk domains. Increased standardization in terms of highly prescriptive and detailed requirements is observed in various risk management regulations and application areas. This development has spurred a discussion with equally strong voices promoting and opposing standardization of risk. The aim of this paper is to explore the knowledge base from scientific literature related to effects of standardization of risk and to assess the strength of the arguments used in the discussion. Through a scoping study and a systematic argument analysis, this study contributes to the debate on the most adequate approach to standardization in risk management regulations. Conclusions from the study are that effects of standardization of risk management regulations are not widely covered in scientific literature and empirical evidence is largely lacking to support the arguments used. The argument analysis indicate that many arguments are assessed as being weak, interconnected and even contradictory. It seems not possible to come to a conclusion and reach agreement in the discussion if the strengths of standardization outweigh the weaknesses. Thus, the discussion should be in the form of dialectic rather than debate. Acknowledging, understanding and addressing the various arguments in favour of and rejecting standardization, as well as their respective context, is essential when designing risk management regulations. Future research efforts are required to further explore when and how the risk management and risk governance processes can be standardized and the appropriate level of standardization.

Argumentation approaches for explanaible AI in medical informatics

• Use of logic approaches, taking advantage of their characteristics of explainability and expressiveness in order to design ethical, explainable and justified medical systems. • Use of argumentation theory in Medical Informatics by overviewing existing approaches in the literature. • Argumentation Systems for Medical Informatics. Artificial Intelligence algorithms are powerful in performing accurate predictions, but they are often considered black boxes as they do not provide any explanation about how outputs are derived from inputs or why a decision is taken. Therefore, urgent is the need of a completely transparent and eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) as also recognized by the explicit inclusion of the right to explanation in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). There has been much study on diagnosis, decision support, and interpretability, and there is significant interest in the development of Explainable AI in the realm of medicine. Interpretability in the medical field is not just an intectual curiosity, but a key factor. Medical choices impact the life of patients, and include risk and responsibility for the clinicians. This proposal investigates the benefit of using logic approaches for eXplainable AI by evidencing how their natural characteristics of explainability and expressiveness help in the design of ethical, explainable and justified intelligent systems. More specifically, the paper focuses on a detailed topic related to the use of argumentation theory in Medical Informatics by overviewing existing approaches in the literature. The overview categorizes approaches on the basis of the specific purpose the argumentation is used for, into the following categories: Argumentation for Medical Decision Making, Argumentation for Medical Explanations and Argumentation for Medical Dialogues .

Желание как критерий поступка в теории Ж. Лакана

This article presents the research results of Jaque Lacan’s ethics of psychoanalysis. Lacan suggested both the new theory of desire and the new ethics which is motivated by a desire as a criterion of an action. In this article the author reconstructs the Lacan’s system of arguments, which proves the fact, that desire can be considered as a criterion of an action, not its motive. This paper shows that the ethics of desire, that was originally developed in relation to the problem of the criterion of an analytical act, is also important for the ethical position of the patient, and therefore can be presented as a universal ethic. The article also provides evidence that psychoanalytic work can be considered as an ethical practice, since there is a transformation of the ethical position of the patient in it. Initially, the patient takes an ethical position that can be defined as the desire to achieve the good, it would lead the subject to satisfaction, comfort and tranquility. On the other hand, psychoanalysis reveals a different ethical perspective to the patient, where the desire defines how the patient chooses the path. First of all, this is about the analyst’s desire. This term means a special formation that was resulted by the analyst’s own analysis. Lacan believed that a psychoanalyst is the result of his/her own analysis, one of the main effects of which is the analyst’s desire. The analyst’s desire serves as a criterion for the analyst to perform analytical acts in his/her psychoanalytic practice. But the ethics of desire is important not only for the psychoanalyst. The author’s task is to show that a patient who came to the analysis for the sake of therapy also performs the transformation of an ethical position in the process of analysis. This is the basic condition of psychoanalytic therapy. The main purpose of psychoanalysis is the study of unconscious desire, as a result of which the patient becomes an analysand and gets the opportunity to face his/her desire and follow it. To follow the desire means to decide to abandon the perspective of satisfaction and to bet on what is opposed to peace and completeness, and what can be defined as life.

Democracy under pressure: historical lessons for current challenges?

AbstractA review of three books shows that the crisis of democracy literature is exceptionally diverse. It ranges from overconfident postulations and proposals without systematic arguments and comparative analysis on the one hand to novel theorizing and balanced accounts, including cautious use of historical evidence, on the other hand. Accordingly, there is much variation in how much the different contributions succeed in drawing lessons from historical developments to better understand and reduce contemporary challenges.

WHAT'S IN A NAME? PAST POSSIBILITIES AND THE CHALLENGES OF HISTORICIZING COUNTERFACTUAL HISTORY

ABSTRACTAs wondering “what if?” about the past has become increasingly prominent in Western life, scholars have sought to historicize the phenomenon. The latest attempt to do so is Quentin Deluermoz and Pierre Singaravélou's A Past of Possibilities: A History of What Could Have Been. A stimulating, if somewhat meandering, book of essayistic reflections on historical speculation, A Past of Possibilities highlights the challenges of, and continuing opportunities for, historicizing the field that today is called “counterfactual history.” Ever since the mid‐nineteenth century, historians have recognized the presence of “what‐ifs” in historical scholarship, but they have disagreed about what to call them. For over a century, they have embraced a bewildering array of phrases, including “imaginary history,” “hypothetical history,” “subjunctive history,” “conjectural history,” “conditional history,” “probable history,” “iffy history,” “alternate history,” “allohistory,” “uchronia,” “historical might‐have‐beens,” and “historical ifs.” Deluermoz and Singaravélou continue this tradition by employing many different terms for historical counterfactuals in their effort to explain their increasing prominence. This conceptual pluralism, which is rooted in an interdisciplinary methodology, enables the authors to arrive at important insights about the field of counterfactual history. However, it also prevents them from generating a systematic argument that builds toward a larger conclusion. A Past of Possibilities is thus an important study that nevertheless highlights the need for further research.

Речевое поведение антиваксеров: риторический и юридический аспекты

The situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a new and exacerbated number of old social problems, including social inequality, the growth of social aggression, and the upscaling of agonal communication in Runet. One of the new conflict-generating points is the attitude towards vaccination, which divided people into pro-vaxxers and anti-vaxxers. In order to develop the strategies for community response to socially dangerous activities of anti-vaxxers, it is necessary to rely on scientific data obtained as a result of analysis of vaccination opponents' argumentation system and discourse description. The paper reveals the main arguments of anti-vaxxers and presents the linguistic-and-legal problems that arise in Internet communication while discussing the topic of vaccinations against COVID-19. For the explication of aggressive rhetoric, a content analysis of the largest group of anti-vaxxers "The COVID-Resistance Movement" on the VKontakte social network was carried out. In addition to highlighting and describing the most common arguments of anti-vaccinationists, examples of complex (moral and metaphysical) aggressive arguments were given (after the concept of H. Kusse). Aggressive verbal behaviour in some cases leads to a direct violation of the law – both new articles of the Criminal Code and the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation related to the COVID-19 pandemic (for example, on misinformation), and traditional articles related to agonal communication (for example, extremism and racism).

On The Mismatch Between The Form and Content of Modern Science in The Era of Digital Capitalism

Importance. The text is devoted to presenting the author's vision of the solution to a topical problem for modern social sciences – the representation of the dialectics of being of "transformed" forms based on the mismatch of form and content of science in the era of digital capitalism. Objectives. The research purpose is to investigate and systematize the main aspects of the theory of "transformed" forms in relation to science in the epoch of digital capitalism development which is based on the dissonance of form and content. Methods. The presented research is based on the cognitive potential of the dialectical method, the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, supplemented by some elements of the formational approach, which allowed to qualitatively determine and fix the systemic features and contradictions between the form and content of the modern sphere of science, as applied to the phase of being of digital capitalism.Results. The system of arguments that the contradictions between the form and content of the modern science sphere are nothing but a dialectical contradiction between the real and "transformed" form is given in the paper. In addition, the notions of "transformed" form and the "age of digital capitalism" are specified in relation to the stated subject of research. The main forms of "transformations" in the system of economic relations, as applied to the period of digital capitalism, are shown. Conclusions and Importance. The conclusion of the presented research systematizes the main results in relation to the solution of the stated goal, which in the future may become the scientific and methodological basis for subsequent research work on the evolution of complex weakly structured quasiobjects and macrosystems.

Модальність та переконання у рекламі: перекладацький а

The range of linguistic means and communication techniques used in advertising to influence the target group is extremely wide. The relevance of the study is in the growing interest of linguists to the problem of translation of advertising texts and slogans and the in the need of conducting of analysis of a significant number of existing translations. Advertising is a presentation of purposeful information about services and goods that has the character of persuasion. One of the most important aspects of advertising is the awakening in a potential audience of the desire to buy a product. Therefore, the vast majority of advertising must be convincing in nature in order to attract new buyers and customers to the product or idea. The purpose of our study is to analyze the features of the translation of advertising texts on the example of advertising of definite products. The following methods were used in the course of the work: 1) comparison, which allows the reader to establish the adequacy of word translation; 2) descriptive method used to show the successful translations and failures of translators. Speaking about the peculiarities of using the modality of persuasion in the advertising text, there are two ways to express it: 1) the imperative; 2) the use of statements with general motivational semantics, which is represented either in the lexical meanings of specific words, or at the level of general semantics of expression. Advertising performs several main functions, including the following ones: the central function – is the function of influence and also important communicative functions, which are divided into primary: communicative, regulatory and generalizing ones, and secondary: emotional, aesthetic, contact ones. In the group of advertising texts with the modality of persuasion, there are three subgroups: the selection criterion will be the form of expression of motivation and the role of this component in a particular ad. The attention should be paid to the advertising text in determining the role of a fragment often play a role not language but design tools, such as the location of blocks of information about each other, font size and shape, underlining, etc. All these factors help to understand which opinion is key for the author of the text. The persuasion can be defined as one of the most important ways of psychological advertising influence. The essence of this method is to convince the buyer of the benefits of the advertised product, to convince of the need to purchase it, it is aimed at the rational sphere of consciousness of the potential buyer, ie advertising appeals to his mind. Argumentation is a way of reasoning, in the process of which a benefit of the product is put forward as a thesis. And the need for an advertising thesis is proved by a system of arguments. Argument – is a separate piece of evidence that is part of the belief system, which proves the thesis. The most common method of addressing or advice is to save money or get a better service or product. The feeling that you are making a profitable purchase is a powerful means of motivation when you decide to buy something. This is such an effective method that price lists with inflated prices are often issued, and prices are much lower in advertising. In order to influence the recipient or in other words to implement the above-mentioned functions, the creators of advertising texts use various stylistic means of expression: phonetic (alliteration, onomatopoeia and rhyme), lexical (epithet, metaphor, personification, pun, hyperbole and allusion), syntactic (simple nominative propositions, parcelling, parallel constructions). Stylistic means add expressiveness to advertising, draw the recipient`s attention to the product, which is the main task of the advertising slogan.

Mastering polemics

            Debate dates back to ancient times, when disagreements between people first arose.Formally, the debate originated in ancient Greece, where it was part of the institution of democracy, when politicians debated with each other about the validity of proposed laws, discussing its merits and demerits.Rhetoric is a form of oral journalism. Written journalism is what has so far reached first in the form of epistolary and then print editions and today is considered synonymous with journalism. These two branches are still considered to be integral attributes of journalism. If you do not have a solid system of argumentation, it will certainly be difficult for you to enter into controversy with an opponent. However, there is a golden rule that is undoubtedly important along with a deep knowledge of the issue. Citizens used the debate to defend themselves. Arguing on both sides of the issue, students also studied with great interest to better understand its essence. Some of the debaters, called sophists, aimed to win the debate, they focused on the style of the audience and their persuasion.The golden rule for mastering the mastery of polemics is good manners. It refers to self-control, inner form of behavior, relationships with other people, expressions used in conversation, tone, intonation, bowing, gestures and even facial expressions.Mastering polemics requires a lot of effort. In addition to the established rules, it also takes into account personal dignity. For example, restraint and humility are considered good manners in society. The tone of the conversation should be delightful and original, you should show learning in this matter and not pedantry, you should be funny and not noisy, polite and not ostensibly grown up.Intelligence is not only in education, but also in the ability to be able to understand others. It manifests itself in thousands and tens of thousands of trifles, for example, in the knowledge to argue respectfully, to listen to an argument.

On a system of independent arguments for constitutive tensor functions on the growing surface in micropolar continuum

The present study is devoted to the boundary value problems statements for the growing materials with microstructural features. The general form of tensor relations on the propagating growing surface is derived as a consequence of the conservation laws of momentum and angular momentum. The necessary system of independent arguments of constitutive differential constraints on the growing surface in micropolar continuum is determined. A complete set of joint rational invariants of the system of tensors and vectors that determine the thermodynamics of the production process of a woven 3D material is given and discussed. An invariant-complete formulation of the constitutive relations on the growing surface is obtained.

A constant-size lattice-based partially-dynamic group signature scheme in quantum random oracle model

A group signature allows a group member who signs the message on behalf of the other group members. Any recipient also verifies the signature without knowing the signer. However, it is possible to reveal the signer’s identity since the group signatures have the tracing mechanism. In general, the group signature size increases the number of group members. However, the schemes are also proposed with the constant signature size. On the other hand, the security of some schemes are based on the discrete logarithm and factorization problems while some schemes which are secure against quantum attacks are proposed. To the best of our knowledge, the signature scheme in the group concept has not been proposed on lattices in quantum oracles. In this paper, we propose a new constant-size and partially-dynamic group signature scheme on lattice assumptions. We combine the Dilithium signature scheme, a Stern-like zero-knowledge scheme and Regev’s encryption scheme. We give a zero-knowledge argument system for our proposed scheme and security analysis in the quantum random oracle model. According to the comparison results, the proposed scheme has better size complexity in asymptotic concept.

Natural language understanding for argumentative dialogue systems in the opinion building domain

This paper introduces a natural language understanding (NLU) framework for argumentative dialogue systems in the information-seeking and opinion building domain. The proposed framework consists of two sub-models, namely intent classifier and argument similarity. Intent classifier model stack BiLSTM with attention mechanism on top of pre-trained BERT model and fine-tune the model for recognizing the user intent, whereas argument similarity model employs BERT+BiLSTM for identifying system arguments the user refers to in his or her natural language utterances. Our model is evaluated in an argumentative dialogue system that engages the user to inform him-/herself about a controversial topic by exploring pro and con arguments and build his/her opinion towards the topic. In order to evaluate the proposed approach, we collect user utterances for the interaction with the respective system labelling intent and referenced argument in an extensive online study. The data collection includes multiple topics and two different user types (native English speakers from the UK and non-native English speakers from China). Additionally, we evaluate the proposed intent classifier and argument similarity models separately on the publicly available Banking77 and STS benchmark datasets. The evaluation indicates a clear advantage of the utilized techniques over baseline approaches on several datasets, as well as the robustness of the proposed approach against new topics and different language proficiency as well as the cultural background of the user. Furthermore, results show that our intent classifier model outperforms DIET, DistillBERT, and BERT fine-tuned models in few-shot setups (i.e., with 10, 20, or 30 labelled examples per intent) and full data setup.

From Theory of Rhetoric to the Practice of Language Use: The Case of Appeals to Ethos Elements

In their book Commitment in Dialogue, Walton and Krabbe claim that formal dialogue systems for conversational argumentation are “not very realistic and not easy to apply”. This difficulty may make argumentation theory less well adapted to be employed to describe or analyse actual argumentation practice. On the other hand, the empirical study of real-life arguments may miss or ignore insights of more than the two millennia of the development of philosophy of language, rhetoric, and argumentation theory. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for adapting such theories to serve as applicable tools in the study of argumentation phenomena. Our approach is both theoretically-informed and empirically-grounded in large-scale corpus analysis. The area of interest are appeals to ethos, the character of the speaker, building upon Aristotle’s rhetoric. Ethotic techniques are used to influence the hearers through the communication, where speakers might establish, but also emphasise, weaken or undermine their own or others’ credibility and trustworthiness. Specifically, we apply our method to Aristotelian theory of ethos elements which identifies practical wisdom, moral virtue and goodwill as components of speakers’ character, which can be supported or attacked. The challenges we identified in this case and the solutions we proposed allow us to formulate general guidelines of how to exploit rich theoretical frameworks to the analysis of the practice of language use.

Феноменология религии и когнитивное религиоведение

The phenomenology of religion and cognitive religious studies are perceived in scientific circles as two fundamentally different strategies for studying religion, since the reductionist basis of cognitive religious studies does not agree with the anti-reductionism of the phenomenological tradition. Despite this difference, the article substantiates the idea that these traditions have intersections, the pres­ence of which helps to take a fresh look at the study of religion in the past and present. Firstly, it is the place that both programs occupy in religious studies, their claim to be key strategies for understanding religion as a whole. Secondly, it is a common philosophical basis: both traditions ideologically go back to the basic principles of Kantian epistemology. Thirdly, it is evolutionism, the whole system of argumentation of cognitive religious studies is explicitly based on it, implic­itly it is present in all classical theories of phenomenologists of religion. Fourth, a two-process model that asserts the existence of two cognitive processes that generate two corresponding levels of religious life: intuitive and reflexive. The presence of these intersections allows to consider the logic of the study of re­ligion in a different way: the difference of research strategies on the principle of reductionism/anti-reductionism is not sufficiently heuristic. It is concluded that the commonality of ideas about the two levels of religion, shared by both tradi­tions, confirms that phenomenologists and cognitive scientists, moving in com­pletely different ways, apparently discovered a fundamental feature of the “hu­man” dimension of religious life.

ІСТОРІОГРАФІЧНІ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ПОРІВНЯЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ПІДХОДІВ ФРАНЧЕСКО ГВІЧЧАРДИНІ І НІККОЛО МАКІАВЕЛЛІ У РАМКАХ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ «ДЕРЖАВНОГО ІНТЕРЕСУ» ТА ТЕОРІЇ АБСОЛЮТИЗМУ

In the presented article, the author defends the idea that the argumentation system of Quentin Skinner (Quentin Robert Duthie Skinner), Maurizio Viroli (Maurizio Viroli) regarding the methodological foundations of the origin of the political theory of Niccolo Machiavelli in The Sovereign cannot cast doubt on the approach of the German-American political philosopher Leo Strauss (Leo Strauss). The same emphasis is proposed to be used for the most part in the final value judgments regarding the meaning of the “Sovereign” within the framework of the problems of “state interest” (raison d’état) and the theory of absolutism. In addition, the strengths and weaknesses of the concept of the British historian Nicholas Henshall are comprehensively considered. It is argued, with the involvement of a wide background of historiographical assessments and methodological remarks, the productivity in the general historical context of a comparative analysis of the positions of Machiavelli and Guicciardini in the framework of the analysis of the theory of absolutism. The further development of the theory of absolutism, presented within the framework of social and political thought by the works of, first of all, Thomas Hobbes allows us to see a direct relationship with Machiavellianism as a phenomenon. The analysis of the positions of the representatives of British historiography on the studied issue shows the characteristic features of their evaluations of the interesting author of the issue. Thus, Nicholas Henschel in the work “The Myth of Absolutism” bypasses the analysis of “The Prince”, which would add an additional possibility in substantiating the insufficient character of the theory of absolute power. However, it seems to us that Henschel was perfectly aware in his work that it is difficult to blame the author of “The Sovereign” for the lack of justification of the goal in the expressed theory of absolute power. Turning to the comparative analysis of the positions of political thinkers of the Italian Renaissance is of significant interest for modern Ukrainian society in a practical sense. The Italian political crisis of the specified period was reflected in the persistent search by the best minds of the Renaissance era for ways out of it, a thorough understanding of the historical and political reality that surrounded Italians. The result was the emergence of impressive theoretical generalizations of key aspects of historical development. The author comes to the conclusion that without Machiavelli, the ideology of absolutism, which was further developed in the works of the same Thomas Hobbes, could not have received its inherent conceptual outlines. In order to accomplish this, Machiavelli had to make a break with the classical tradition of political philosophy, just as the formation of a centralized state required the concentration of political power in the hands of the monarch, that is, a break with the feudal tradition of political thinking in general.

Аргументация папы Григория Великого против титула «вселенский» константинопольских патриархов: анализ писем 595 года

Introduction. At the end of the sixth century a dispute broke out between the popes and the patriarchs of Constantinople – first of all, between pope Gregory I the Great (590–604) and patriarch John IV the Faster (582–595) – over the epithet “Ecumenical”, which appeared in the title of John of Constantinople. This dispute is quite widely represented in the scientific literature, but since researchers almost always pay attention to this topic in general, their papers often miss many nuances contained in the texts of the letters of pope Gregory. Methods. This article attempts a detailed analysis of the first series of letters of pope Gregory dedicated to the dispute and related to 595. These are letters to emperor Maurice (582–602), empress Constantina, the patriarch John IV of Constantinople, and the papal apocrisiary in Constantinople, deacon Sabinianus. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct pope Gregory’s argumentation system against the use of the Ecumenical title. Analysis. The author identifies several types of arguments that pope Gregory puts forward in his polemic against the title: canonical, biblical, dogmatic, ecclesiastical, political, pastoral and ascetic. Results. The article shows, on the one hand, what the letters have in common, and on the other, how the arguments of the pope vary depending on the recipient. Generally, pope Gregory expresses a sharply negative attitude to the title, and many researchers tend to see this fact as a contradiction to the concept of papal primacy, as it developed in a later period. Basing on the significant differences in argumentation between the letters to the emperor, the empress and the patriarch John – with the same purpose of all the messages – the article makes a conclusion about the care with which pope Gregory selects arguments. This can serve as one of the indirect indicators of the high importance of the dispute over the Ecumenical title for him, and also characterizes his perception of the idea of Church power in general.

Gaming argumentation framework (GAF): Pfizer or AstraZeneca Vaccine of The COVID-19 as a case study

Dung’s argumentation frameworks (AF) were introduced in the last century it works with the justification of the argument. This framework analyzes attacks of arguments, it works away on the characteristics of arguments structures and words was used in the attack between each other, etc. These properties make this model attractive as it decreases most of the complexities included when applying the argumentation system. This system can be applied to different states such as to evaluate the arguments or with the supported argument to be defense and attacked arguments. In addition, the group of experts may be making argumentation about some cases. In the latter scenario, agents with potentially dissimilar arguments and/or opinions are used to evaluate the arguments, allowing for the consideration of several sets of arguments and attack relations. This framework is extended to propose a new system called gaming argumentation framework (GAF). It helps to make a decision about the current problem by making claims and attack determination to the arguments, then putting the result of these claims and attack determination to the game theory with two players to achieve the final results that help the decision-maker to decide about the current problem. Finally, compare this framework with other frameworks, and provide an example to explain how the proposed framework performs its intended purpose, where decision making is very important in the medical field therefore this paper taking the confusion on the COVID-19 vaccines as a case study to solve Pfizer or AstraZeneca problem and make the decision about this case.

Almost fully anonymous attribute-based group signatures with verifier-local revocation and member registration from lattice assumptions

Attribute-Based Group Signature (ABGS) schemes permit any group member with required attributes to generate signatures for the sake of the group anonymously. Even though existing ABGS schemes with Verifier-local Revocation (VLR) method facilitate efficient user and attribute revocation, they cannot achieve stronger security for the users and user attributes. In this paper, we present a new approach to overcome this weakness delivering a new ABGS scheme with VLR that achieves stronger security, almost full anonymity, for both users and their attributes. We construct our scheme from lattices as lattice cryptography is quantum resist. Moreover, we present a simple member joining protocol and a new zero-knowledge argument system that supports the new scheme. Finally, we prove that the proposed scheme meets the security requirements of almost full anonymity, traceability, and non-frameability.

박정희 정권의 민족담론 — 신문 매체를 통해 표방된 ‘화랑’ 활용 담론을 중심으로 —

In this article, I tried to understand The National Discourse appearing in newspaper articles during the Park Jung-hee regime. In particular, among newspaper reports related to national discourse, I analyzed articles related to Hwarang, Park Jung-hee, nationalism, or nationalism, and analyzed the content and meaning of National Discourse that linked and utilized galleries during the Park Jung-hee regime. The following is a summary of the terms expressed or mentioned in connection with the Hwarang in the national discourse that appeared in the newspaper reports, based on the ideological or spiritual aspect. National spirit, national identity, democracy, ideology and spirit of the National Education Charter, Yushin ideology, Saemaul spirit, Philosophy of national reunification in the 1980s, etc. In the ‘Hwarang and the Hwarang Spirit’ discussed in the nationalist discourses or national discourses of the Park Jung-hee regime, the content that ‘he gave his life or devoted himself to the unification of the three countries’ was particularly emphasized. I think, The link between Hwarang and Hwarang spirit in the national discourse of the Park Jung-hee administration was essential not only at the regime level but also at the personal level of Park Jung-hee - to cover or dilute the national and historical disgrace as much as possible with “Korea Military Academy and ‘Hwarang’”. Park Jung-hee and his administration linked and utilized galleries to assert that they had historical legitimacy in the ideology and policies they particularly emphasized or produced, or spread such historical awareness. By doing so, he maintained his long-term power while justifying and rationalizing the dictatorship, consolidating and stabilizing it. In response to this, most of the newspaper articles related to national discourse linked to ‘Hwarang’, except for Hwang Hwang-deok’s “Characteristics of the May 16 Military Revolution” in 1962 - sympathized with, and defended as a logical and systematic argument.