Arenga Pinnata Merr Research Articles

ANALISIS USAHATANI AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) DI KOTA TOMOHON, SULAWESI UTARA

AbstractAren (Arenga pinnata Merr) is a type of palm that has a fairly high economic value, is spreading widely in Indonesia. All parts of the sugar plant ranging from leaves to roots can be utilized. The main result is the sap of the sugar plant, sugar palm juice contains between 10-15%. Because the sugar content of the sugar palm can be processed into alcohol, palm sugar, palm syrup, palm vinegar and ethanol. Based on the analysis results obtained, sugar palm farmers monthly fee of Rp. 2,196,815, - and Rp 26 361 780, - per year. Average monthly revenues of Rp 4.1236 million, - and Rp 49.483.200, - per year. Palm farmers' income of Rp 1,926,785, - and Rp 23.121.420, - per year. Analysis of R / C Ratio > 1 is 1.88, which means businesses aren farmer in Tomohon is getting Keywords : revenue; income; cost; aren farmers

PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) PADA MEDIA TANAH ULTISOL DIPERSEMAIAN

Arenga pinnata Merr is a multipurpose trees species that has long been known to produce industrial materials. Based on the utilization of Arenga pinnata Merr is not only limited to the food alone but also used as a raw material for industrial and land conservation. Arenga pinnata Merr has prospect good to be developed in the tree crop plantations. Arenga pinnata Merr cultivation activities require good quality seeds. Currently Arenga pinnata Merr still growing naturally in the forest. Exploitation by the farmers during this time in the form of Arenga pinnata Merr exploitation of the forest without cultivation. There are concerns Arenga pinnata Merr that grows in nature will be destroyed. The purpose of this research to study the effect of a doses of organic fertilizer and dolomite lime on the growth of Arenga pinnata Merr in the nursery. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design factorial models. The study consisted of two factors: factors of organic fertilizer and lime dolomite with five repetitions with a number of plant samples as many as 100 plants. The measured parameters include length midrib, stem diameter and stem height were analyzed using SAS IX. The research proves that organic fertilizer dose of 300 g and 35 g dolomite lime can increase the growth of palm in the nursery. Keywords: Arenga pinnata Merr, fertilizer, lime, organic.

Sensory and Textural Characteristics of Noodle Made of Ganyong Flour (Canna edulis Kerr.) and Arenga Starch (Arenga pinnata Merr.)

Ganyong (Canna edulis Kerr) is a local tuber which highest amount of starch content, but has not been fully utilized well at present. One way to improve the usefulness of canna is to process it into noodle, but it needs arenga starch which has high amylose content. The aim of this research was to study the sensory and textural properties of noodle made from canna flour and arenga starch. Research methodologies consist of: (i) characterization of canna flour and arenga starch, (ii) noodle production, and (iii) characterization sensory and textural properties of the noodle. Noodle was made with five ratio variations of canna flour and arenga starch, i.e. 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100. Sensory analysis was done by hedonic scoring method with attributes : color, stickiness, elasticity, firmness, surface smoothness and overall liking. Textural properties analyses consist of tensile strength, elongation, and stickiness measurements. The results showed that canna flour and arenga starch can be used in noodle making process. Noodle with 25% of canna flour was the most favored product and has the best textural properties. Factors which affect textural properties of product are the amylose and amylopectin amount in each starch. Tensile strength, elongation, and stickiness measurements of noodle with 25% of canna flour were 0,13 N; 41,61%; and 0,0115N respectively.

PENGARUH SUHU DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP UJI ORGANOLEPTIK PADA PEMBUATAN NATA BUAH ENAU (Areng pinnata Merr)

Background: Enau is one of the natural resources in the tropics, its distribution is widespread, very necessary and easy to obtain for daily use by local people as a sustainable natural resource. Palm fruit in terms of chemical composition has a low nutritional value, but "kolang-kaling" fiber is very good for health, to reduce fruit damage, then palm fruit is processed into nata which has a high economic value.
 Method: Making nata de arenga pinnata Merr is aided by microorganisms, namely the bacterium Aceetobacter xylinum. The type of research used is the type of experimental research that is to see the difference in the organoleptic test scores of palm fruit (Arenga pinnata Merr). This research was conducted on December 5 to December 20, 2016.
 Results: The results showed that organoleptic tests had white, tasteless, chewy texture and a non-sour aroma.
 Conclusion: There is an influence of temperature with fermentation time on organoleptic test values ​​on the manufacture of palm fruit nata, namely the color and texture of palm fruit nata. Whereas in taste and aroma there is no influence of temperature and duration of fermentation on organoleptic test values ​​on the making of palm fruit nata.

Fertilitas Semen Kerbau Rawa (Bubalus bubalis carabanensis) yang Diencerkan dengan Pengencer Nira Aren (FERTILITY OF SWAMP BUFFALO SEMEN (BUBALUS BUBALIS CARABANENSIS) DILUTED WITH SUGAR PALM JUICE EXTENDER)

Sugar palm juice (Arenga pinnata Merr.) can be used as semen extender because its various nutrientscontent which were needed for spermatozoa preservation. The objective of this research was to examineeffectivity of sugar palm juice as swamp buffalo semen extender in artificial insemination (AI) program.Semen of swamp buffalo were collected by using an artificial vagina. Fresh semen were evaluated anddivided in equal volume into four tubes and diluted with lactose extender containing 20% egg yolk (lactoseor control), 85% sugar palm juice + 15% egg yolk (PJEY15), 80% sugar palm juice + 20% egg yolk (PJEY20),and 75% sugar palm juice + 25% egg yolk (PJEY25), respectively. Diluted-semen were preserved inrefrigerator at 5oC, and quality of spermatozoa including percentages of motile spermatozoa, livespermatozoa, and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated every day for four days. A total of 13female swamp buffaloes were estrous synchronize with PGF2a, and six buffaloes were inseminated withlactose and seven buffaloes were inseminated with PJEY20. Results of this research showed that at dayfourpreservation, mean percentages of motile and live spermatozoa for lactose (36.67 and 51.83%) andPJEY20 (35.83 and 51.5%) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than PJEY15 (31.67 and 44%) and PJEY25 (30 and 45.33%), but no difference significant between treatment for IPM parameter. Pregnancy rate forlactose was 66.67% and 71.43% for PJEY20. Percentage of birth for lactose and PJEY20 were 66.67% and71.43%, respectively. In conclusion, sugar palm juice could be used as an alternative extender in semenpreservation process and AI of swamp buffalo.

BOBOT POTONG PANJANG KARKAS BOBOT KARKAS DAN PERSENTASE KARKAS BABI GROWER DENGAN PEMBERIAN GULA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) DALAM AIR MINUM

SLAUGHTER WEIGHT CARCASS LENGTH CARCASS WEIGHT AND CARCASS PERCENTAGE OF GROWER PIG WITH THE PROVISION OF PALM SUGAR (Arenga pinnata Merr) IN DRINKING WATER. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of palm sugar (Arenga pinnata Merr) in drinking water in pigs grower until the finisher to the slaughter weights, carcass weight, carcass length and carcass percentage. Sixteen grower pigs used with the variables measured were slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass length and the percentage of carcasses. The research method is a randomized block design consisting from 4 weight group and 4 treatment of palm sugar levels in drinking water each treatment and drinking water R0 = 0% palm sugar solution, R1 = Drinking water solution palm sugar 2%, R2 = drinking water solution of 4% palm sugar, R3 = Water drinking palm sugar solution 6%. Statistical analysis showed that the level of 2% giving significant effect on the slaughter weight (P0.05). The LSD shows that palm sugar use in drinking water pigs has significantly different to slaughter weight. The conclusion is the giving palm sugar in water 2% ie 140 grams can increasing slaughter weight (97.67 kg), although have no significant effect on carcass length, carcass weight and carcass percentage.&#x0D; &#x0D; Key words: Pig, palm sugar, carcass quality.

TEBAL LEMAK PUNGGUNG DAN LUAS DAGING MATA RUSUK BABI GROWER YANG DIBERI GULA AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr) DALAM AIR MINUM

BACKFAT THICKNESS AND LOIN EYE AREA GROWER PIG USING PALM SUGAR (Arenga pinnata Merr) INTO DRINKING WATER. The research was conducted to determine the effect of the use of palm sugar in drinking water of pigs grower to the backfat thickness, and loin eye area. This study using 16 pigs. The research variables are drinking water consumption, backfat thickness and loin eye area.The research method is a randomized block design consisting of 4 weight group and 4 treatment of palm sugar levels in drinking water are 0, 2, 4 and 6%, followed by the use of LSD. Analysis of variance showed that the treatment is very significant effect on water consumption (P &lt;0.01). Further test results BNT to the amount of consumption of drinking water shows that the R0 (0%) significantly different from R1 (2%), R2 (4%), R3 (6%) and R1(2%) was not significantly different from the use of palm sugar R2 (4%) and R3(8,91 L). Likewise, the treatment effect on loin eye area (P &lt;0.05) with an average of 43.72 cm2, but had no effect on backfat thickness (P&gt; 0.05) with the average of 2.79 cm even which in the first class category of carcass (&lt;3.56 cm). The LSD shows that R0 (36,44 cm2) significantly different from the R1(47,17 cm2), R2 (44,33 cm2) and R3 (46,99 cm2) to the loin eye area while not significantly different from R1 (47,14 cm2) to R2 (44,33 cm2) and R3 (46,99 cm2). Based on the results of the study indicate that the use of palm sugar to 2% can increase the amount of water consumption is 7.78 liters/day and loin eye area is 43.72 cm2 but not for backfat thickness. Keywords : Pig, palm sugar, backfat thickness, loin eye area

Pemanfaatan Limbah Penggergajian Kayu Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) untuk Media Budidaya Jamur Kayu yang Dapat Dimakan

Aren ( Arenga pinnata Merr.) is a multipurpose tree that can be utilized for palm sugar, alcoholic drinks, beverages and construction wood. The use of aren sawdust has not been studied intensively. This study examines the utilization of aren sawdust as cultivation media for edible mushrooms. Aren sawdust was mixed with rice bran, CaCO 3 , gypsum, fertilizers and distilled water before sterilization in 30 minutes pressurized autoclave at 121 0 C and 1.5atm. The mixed media was inoculated with pure cultures containing four mushrooms species ( Pleurotus flabellatus , P. ostreatus , P. sajor-caju and Lentinula edodes ) and incubated for five weeks to allow mycelium growth producing fruit bodies. The fruit bodies were harvested everyday within four months and examined for its gained mushroom-weight and biological conversion efficiency/BE. The core part of aren trunk was cut into smaller pieces of 10 cm (width) by 5 cm (thickness), by 120 cm (length). Each core sample was bored from the surface inward, creating holes with a particular distance apart. Each hole was inoculated with pure cultures containing 6 mushroom species (four species above, P. cystidiosus and Auricularia polytricha ). The inoculated samples were slanted on bamboo support, and placed in a bamboo hut. Harvesting was carried out everyday after the fruiting body became mature and examined for its gained mushroom weight. Results show that the use of sawdust supplemented with nutritious material is more likely to improve the mushroom yield than that of aren sawn-timber core. In this case, the BE values with aren-sawdust media were 21.97-89.45% ( P. flabellatus ), 15.36-105.36% ( P. ostreatus ), 63.88-76.86% ( P. sajor-caju ), and up to 62.88% ( L. edodes ). Meanwhile, the yields (gained mushroom weight) with aren sawn-timber media were 210g ( P. ostreatus ), 368g ( P. flabellatus ), 331g ( P. sajor-caju ) and 48g ( A. polytricha ); however, P. cystidiosus and L. edodes inoculated on aren stem core failed to grow.

The Effects of Temperature and Length of Fermentation on Bioethanol Production from Arenga Plant (Arenga pinnata MERR)

Bioethanol is a fuel extracted from plant. Bioethanol can be extracted from cassava, sweet potato, sugarcane, corn, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, sagoo, palms, coconut and rice. The aren palm is the most potential source of bioethanol, and as one of the most productive raw material of bioethanol. A research is needed to be able to produce bioethanol in a simple way so that it can be applayed by society. In this study, the effects of temperature (T) and length of fermentation (t) on ethanol production was examined. Temperature used is 27 ^oC and 32 ^oC. Samples from each treatment will be taken every 24 hours, starting from third days, which is 72 hours (H3), 96 hours (H4), 120 hours (H5), 144 hours (H6) and 168 hours (H7). Analysis performed includes changes in the sugar content, pH, total acid and ethanol content. The results showed that sugar content and pH decreased with increasing fermentation time, in both temperature, 27 ^oC and 32 ^oC. In contrast total acid was increased with increasing fermentation time. Increase in total acid is related to the formation of acids during fermentation. Ethanol content increased with increasing fermentation time in both 27 ^oC and 32 ^oC, though, the increase was higher at 32 ^oC. Highest ethanol content was obtained on day 5 in temperatures 32 ^oC.

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) for livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the orangutan habitat of Batang Toru, North Sumatra, Indonesia: mixed prospects for domestication

Domestication of desirable forest resources in agroforestry is expected to contribute to community based forest conservation efforts, but there may be an optimum level of domestication in this respect. Aren or sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) is a multipurpose tree that provides livelihoods for local people and food for other biota in the landscape. However, its domestication is still limited in many places, such as in Batang Toru Forest Block, an area of high conservation value, including habitat for the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii). Options for aren management were prioritized as part of a landscape-scale conservation study by comparing domestication levels in the area. Data on economic indicators and ecological knowledge were gathered through interviews with key farmers, focus groups and transect walks. Four representative villages were selected for the study, that is, (i) two villages with no domestication of aren; and (ii) two villages with aren cultivation in rubber-based land-use systems. Costbenefit analyses suggested that in a rich biodiversity area, such as Batang Toru, although aren was one of the sources of local livelihoods, additional investment for domestication beyond cultivation was not an option considered by farmers. Farmers still perceived wildlife as an efficient mode of aren regeneration, supported by the coexistence of people and other biota in the area. It appears the value of aren for local people’s livelihoods and conservation can be enhanced by increasing its stocking density. There is also scope for improving market access and share of end-user value received by farmers.

KERAGAMAN GENETIK EMPAT POPULASI Arenga pinnata MERR BERDASARKAN PENANDA ISOZIM

Aren tree or Sugar Palm ( Arenga pinnata Merr ) is one of bioethanol-producer which has advantages compared to other plant producing bioethanol. This study is aimed to determine the genetic diversity of aren tree populations in its natural distribution. Genetic diversity of four populations were investigated by isozyme markers with 4 enzyme systems namely Esterase ( EST), Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase ( GOT), Diaphorase ( DIA) and 6-Phospogluconate dehydrogenase ( 6Pg). The number of alleles identified by 9 alleles are distributed on four polymorphic loci. The research revealed that mean alleles per locus was 2,2500. The mean effective number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 1,8377. All loci were of polymorphic. The mean genetic diversity within population was 0,4381and the proportion of genetic variation among populations was 0,0702. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei’s standard genetic distance reflected two main clusters. The first cluster consisted of Central Java and South Kalimantan populations; while second cluster included the populations of Bengkulu and North Sulawesi.