Usage Areas Research Articles

Ultrasound-guided neuromonitoring methods in the intensive care unit

Ultrasonography (USG) is a non-invasive, portable, bedside, reproducible, radiation-free, inexpensive, and easily accessible imaging method. It provides morphological and functional information. It allows for diagnosis, monitoring, and guiding treatment. The usage areas of USG in the ICU are broad. In interventional procedures (thoracentesis, vascular interventions, percutaneous tracheostomy), evaluation of lung pathologies (pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, consolidation, A-line, B line), diaphragm evaluation, abdominal imaging (trauma, kidney, liver), diagnosis and follow-up of deep vein thrombosis and the assessment and follow-up of fluid resuscitation (IVCI) and neuromonitoring. USG-guided neuromonitoring can detect stenosis or occlusion of intracranial arteries, monitor the development of patients with vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, detect cerebral embolism, evaluate the cerebral collateral system, and determine brain death. It can also indirectly calculate intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion under USG guidance.

Modified graph-based algorithm to analyze security threats in IoT.

In recent years, the growing and widespread usage of Internet of Things (IoT) systems has led to the emergence of customized structures dependent on these systems. Industrial IoT (IIoT) is a subset of IoT in terms of applications and usage areas. IIoT presents many participants in various domains, such as healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and manufacturing. Besides the daily life benefits, IIoT technology provides major contributions via the Industrial Control System (ICS) and intelligent systems. The convergence of IoT and IIoT systems brings some integration and interoperability problems. In IIoT systems, devices interact with each other using information technologies (IT) and network space. However, these common usages and interoperability led to some security risks. To avoid security risks and vulnerabilities, different systems and protocols have been designed and published. Various public databases and programs identify and provide some of the security threats to make it easier for system administrators' missions. However, effective and long-term security detection mechanisms are needed. In the literature, there are numerous approaches to detecting security threats in IoT-based systems. This article presents two major contributions: First, a graph-based threat detection approach for IoT-based network systems is proposed. Threat path detection is one of the most critical steps in the security of IoT-based systems. To represent vulnerabilities, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure is constructed using threat weights. General threats are identified using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE). The proposed threat pathfinding algorithm uses the depth first search (DFS) idea and discovers threat paths from the root to all leaf nodes. Therefore, all possible threat paths are detected in the threat graph. Second, threat path-reducing algorithms are proposed considering the total threat weight, hop length, and hot spot thresholds. In terms of available threat pathfinding and hot spot detecting procedures, the proposed reducing algorithms provide better running times. Therefore, all possible threat paths are founded and reduced by the constructed IoT-based DAG structure. Finally, simulation results are compared, and remarkable complexity performances are obtained.

Influence of hydrothermal conditions on the mechanical properties of hybrid composite pipes

Composite materials are becoming widespread in many sectors today, especially in the defence and space industry. Composite materials can be exposed to significant temperature changes and various environmental conditions depending on their usage areas. Therefore, composite materials with high resistance to high temperatures and harsh environmental conditions are being studied today. In this study, four types of 6-layer composite pipes with glass/glass/glass, basalt/basalt/basalt, glass/basalt/glass and basalt/glass/basalt stacking sequences were fabricated with filament wound method. In order to simulate the behavior of composite materials under environmental conditions, specimens were subjected to hydrothermal aging in pure water at 70°C for three different periods of 500, 1000 and 1500 hours. During the aging process, the mass changes of the pipes were measured regularly, and the water absorption behavior was determined with reference to ASTM D5229 standard. Hardness tests were carried out with Rockwell hardness tester based on ASTM D785 standard. As a result of the study, it was determined that the mechanical performance of hybrid specimens was higher than that of non-hybrid specimens. It was observed that the hydrothermal aging process caused a loss of mechanical strength in all specimens. It was concluded that the hybrid composite specimen with basalt/glass/basalt stacking order had the highest resistance to hydrothermal aging.

AKILLI EV SİSTEMLERİNDE KUANTUM ANAHTAR DAĞITIMI

In recent years, with the increase in the widespread use of the internet, the usage areas and the number of users have increased rapidly. Technological advances and efforts to make life easier bring innovation and transformation in many sectors. One of these innovative approaches is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) in home systems. The concept of IoT refers to the ability of objects to communicate with each other over the internet. Smart home systems stand out as systems where different devices come together work in interaction and can be controlled remotely. While this communication and integration offers various advantages, it also brings security risks. Ensuring security in IoT systems basically includes objectives such as confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. In this study, how the key used in the encryption of data transmitted between the gateway and the cloud in smart home systems can be strengthened with the B92 Quantum Key Distribution protocol is implemented through a scenario. The effect of the Quantum Key Distribution protocol in providing privacy and its advantages against man-in-the-middle attacks are emphasized in this study.

Comparison of Ca-Based Commercial and Natural Catalysts Performance on Olive Pomace Pyrolysis Process

Physicochemical treatment was applied with 20 mg/L alum to the marble processing effluents as 5 minutes 200 rpm mixing, 25 minutes 15 rpm mixing and 60 minutes settling and marble sludge (MS) was produced. Catalytic performance of MS in olive pomace (OP) pyrolysis process was evaluated and compared to commercial Ca(OH)2 since it mainly comprises of different AAEMs (especially Ca and its forms such as CaCO3, CaO) functioned as catalyst. Catalytic pyrolysis was conducted at 600°C and 5°C/min heating rate with 5% and 10% catalyst (MS or Ca(OH)2) dosages. Although both catalysts had important effect on pyrolysis product yields, Ca(OH)2 was found as good alternative for higher gas production and MS was introduced as better option for the higher char production comparing to the conventional OP pyrolysis. Pyrolysis biochars produced with MS were in higher thermal strength than the biochars generated with Ca(OH)2. Moreover, biooils of OP+MS include different organic compounds, such as 9 heptadecanol, 1-eicosanol, ethyl linoleate, ethyl oleate, addition to the compounds observed in pyrolysis liquids of OP and OP+ Ca(OH)2. All detected organic components have diverse usage areas. Ca(OH)2 provided more decrement in the percentages of oxygenated compounds as compared to the MS. Consequently, it can be stated that MS can be used successfully as an alternative to Ca-based commercial catalyst in OP pyrolysis.

Synthesis methods, characterizations and usage areas of medicinal compounds from THP, and their Ag(I)-NHC complexes, and their antimicrobial efficiencies

Natural or synthetic substances can be used to create smart medications, which can enhance cognitive performance in healthy individuals. They are frequently used to boost memory, concentration, creativity, intelligence, and motivation in the fiercely competitive world of today.To achieve optimum results, the drug should be applied to the target site at the appropriate concentration, with as few or no adverse effects as possible due to off-target actions. Recent studies have shown that such drugs, which are often used in chemotherapy, can reduce the level of discomfort cancer patients endure. In this study, metal complexes that can carry silver nanoparticles with electrical and optical properties were formed. This article examines the potential of man-made silver N-heterocyclic complexes as smart drugs. Following the synthesis of new carbene species from the Xthantine compound, metal complexes were produced for this use. The chemical structures of these carbenes and metal complexes were investigated using a variety of methods, including melting point studies, conductivity, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, LC-Mass, FT-IR, TGA, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. These metal complexes differ mostly due to their solubility in water. Using the disk diffusion method, the antimicrobial and antibacterial properties of silver(I)-NHC complexes were examined against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. It has been observed that the antimicrobial activity of 7,9-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-9-ium silver(I)bromide compound is high. These data suggest that this compound has strong antibacterial properties.

Geografi Dialek Bahasa Dayak di Kecamatan Sepauk Hulu Kabupaten Sintang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

This research on dialect geography applies a synchronic comparative linguistic approach with interpretations based on historical linguistic differentiation. The study, which focuses on phonological and lexical aspects, was conducted to determine the linguistic distance between the Dayak languages used by the people who identify themselves as Sekubang and Seberuang residing in the Sepauk Hulu District. The data presented and discussed in this study consist of responses from 21 research informants related to 829 lexical question glosses. This data was obtained through interviews conducted by the researcher with research informants in each observation area. The method used in data analysis is the synchronic comparative method, applying dialectometric formulas and inter-village triangles. The results of the data analysis, which disregards phonological differences between observation areas, show differences in dialect, subdialect, and speech. Based on the analysis and findings in this study, it can be concluded that the Sekubang and Seberuang languages are the same. However, locally, they identify themselves as separate languages. Therefore, to affirm the similarity between these two Dayak variants, the term "Seberuang language" is introduced as a replacement for the names of both languages. This designation is based on the schematic depiction of the broader Seberuang language usage area compared to the Sekubang language usage area.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF MEERSCHAUM-TYPE SEPIOLITE IN THE PROMOTION OF TÜRKİYE

The main factors in the recognition and promotion of countries, cities and regions can be summarised as economic strength, sports achievements, cultural accumulations, underground resources, and scientific and technological developments. Within the scope of underground resources, meerschaum-type sepiolite continues to be used in the production of ornaments, jewellery and souvenirs, and the display of items made of this type of sepiolite in showcases and museums in areas where other types of sepiolite cannot be used continues to ensure the recognition of the countries and cities where it is produced and processed. The meerschaum-type sepiolite is a magnesium-based clay mineral that has played an important role in the recognition and promotion of our country in the world for centuries. The role and importance it plays in the recognition and promotion of Türkiye is considered to be the work of its attributive properties based on its formation mechanism. Many of these unique features have enabled it to find more and more usage areas, turn into a work of art, and be recognised. This first recognised type of Turk sepiolite is described as an ambassador of culture and peace, as it has served as a bridge between our country and some countries for centuries. The quality of the Turk meerschaum-type sepiolite based on its superior properties, the fact that it has maintained this quality throughout the reserve for a long time, and the very important works created by valuable craftsmen and artisans are another point that plays an important role in the recognition of our country. In addition to training meerschaum masters and artisans when processed, it also creates significant added value. The export of raw meerschaum was banned in 1972 due to its importance in recognising and promoting our country by creating significant added value as well as training meerschaum masters and artisans. Meerschaum-type sepiolite has given birth to both an important business line and a branch of art in Eskişehir. Meerschaum processing workshops, which are intensively visited by local and foreign tourists coming to Eskişehir, and the Meerschaum Museum in Odunpazarı district will accelerate the better explanation and promotion of this important clay and the abandonment of the name “Vienna Stone”.

Using discourse analysis in contemporary social research

The aim of this article is to sum up the principles of social constructivism as a foundation of all theories of discourse, and to identify key characteristics of main discursive theories, as well as perspectives of their use in the research of inequalities. We explore key theories of discourse (critical discourse analysis and theoretical frameworks based on works of Foucault and Laclau and Mouffe), and application of methodological approaches of discourse analysis stemming out from these theories, in current social research. All discourse theories are founded on principles of social constructivism: social construction of knowledge, existence of multiple variants of knowledge, simultaneous construction and reproduction of social reality in the process of social relations, and an idea that subjects construct knowledge inside of discourse, while discourse in turn constructs social reality. Characteristics of discourse theories were identified around criteria of the degree of inclusivity of discourse, functions of discourse, stability of discursive structure, degree of subjects’ agency. Approaches to discourse analysis that stem from the works of Foucault and Laclau and Mouffe suggest a strong link between theory and methodology, with research methods less clearly defined. Critical discourse analysis fills this gap in methodological developments. In particular, for social research purposes, Norman Fairclough’s approach to critical discourse analysis is widely used, looking at discourse as a social practice, a type of speech, typical of a certain area of knowledge, and as an articulation of a person’s or a social group’s lived experience that stems from their structural position. Fairclough’s analytical model consists of three levels: a detailed linguistic analysis of the text, analysis of daily routine practices and ways in which people construct social order, and macrosociological analysis of the social practice. The article ends with discussion of examples and common areas of discourse analysis usage in research of structural social inequalities.

Quantifying Abundance and Mapping Distribution of Loggerhead Turtles in the Mediterranean Sea Using Aerial Surveys: Implications for Conservation

In the Mediterranean, incidental captures in fishing gear contribute to the high mortality of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). Understanding the effects of bycatch is complex and requires robust knowledge of baseline population parameters such as abundance and density, as well as an understanding of animals’ distribution in relation to commercial fishing efforts. Based on data collected during multi-species line transect aerial surveys conducted between 2009 and 2017, we present density and abundance estimates, corrected for availability bias, for a large sector of the central Mediterranean, discuss temporal and spatial patterns and provide Potential Biological Removal (PBR) values for the monitored areas. Sightings data were also used to evaluate the spatial and temporal usage areas. Strong latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in density, abundance and area usage emerged from the analysis, with turtles occurring in higher numbers in the deeper pelagic waters of the Tunisian Plateau, the Ionian Sea and the Gulf of Taranto, irrespective of the season. PBR values derived from this study are likely unsustainable. This paper investigates the implications of commercial fisheries for Mediterranean loggerhead turtles across an area rarely included in sea turtle monitoring and has the potential to be relevant towards informed management and conservation of this species and highlights the necessity of international collaborative efforts in the region.

Concluding remarks

Concluding this issue of Sociolinguistic Studies on the crossing of the urban-rural border or divide in Linguistic Landscape research, this article takes up the questions formulated in the opening contribution by Yao and Xu. It thus addresses communicative affordances of rural vs. urban spaces, and sign-making and sign usage in rural areas. Drawing on the findings of the four studies from the Asian Pacific and Oceania included in this issue as well as the work by Charles Goodwin, this article suggests that Linguistic Landscape research of rural areas could pay more attention to how social practices of people build on each other, reuse the material culture accumulated in an environment by their predecessors and in this way develop certain types of infrastructure for its population, which changes the nature of rural space.

Artificial Intelligence for Biomass Detection, Production and Energy Usage in Rural Areas: A review of Technologies and Applications

Artificial intelligence, an emerging concept, has successfully been applied to bioenergy systems. However, highly scattered reviews were narrowly associated with either part of bioenergy systems or an isolated technique, and fewer focused on systematic induction in the agricultural context. This study reviewed 96 papers published from 2012 to 2022, focusing on generalising and comparing AI methods in agricultural bioenergy areas. Specifically, this review broke down the object of study of all previous studies into three parts: bioenergy systems, biomass materials, and AI techniques. Additionally, combined with examples of AI applications, it categorised the bioenergy systems into three phases, including (i) biomass feedstock detection, (ii) bioenergy production/process, and (iii) energy usage, for solving problems such as biomass mapping, composition analysis, cultivation monitoring, process optimisation, bioenergy planning, etc. Based on the review, 44 types of AI algorithms and 11 types of datasets were concluded, in which Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Intelligence Decision Support System were mainly used for prediction, classification/regression, and optimal decision-making in issues about biomass systems with 58, 15, 13, and 13 algorithms, respectively.

Reverse Logistics Practices In Humanitarian Supply Chain Management: A Content Analysis

In recent years, natural disasters associated with human-induced factors and climate changes have increased. The humanitarian supply chain (HSC) provides a practical and rapid response to these disasters and deals with the destruction that may occur due to disasters. The use of reverse logistics, one of the key supply chain processes for successful supply chain management, is becoming widespread in the supply chain. Its use in HSC is limited. Considering the aim of HSC to create positive effects on the population affected by disasters, it is essential for the sustainability of resources and processes that they adopt reverse logistics practices. In this context, the study aims to analyze the usage area of reverse logistics in HSC operations and show where it can be applied in the future. In line with the purpose of the study, the annual reports and publications of aid organizations operating in Turkey were analyzed using the content analysis method, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in humanitarian aid organizations. It has been concluded that humanitarian aid organizations know reverse logistics processes and have areas of use in their applications.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus ebulus leaves extract: Characterization, quantitative analysis of bioactive molecules, antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Sambucus ebulus is a well-known medicinal plant used as a traditional medicine due to its bioactive compound contents. The importance of nanotechnology has increased recently since it has effective and widespread usage areas. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@Se) were synthesized using S. ebulus leaf extract and their structures were clarified by spectroscopic analyses including FTIR, UV–Vis, and XRD. The morphology and particle size of AgNPs@Se were determined by SEM analysis. Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds of S. ebulus leaf extract was defined by HPLC analysis. Antioxidant activity of extract and AgNPs@Se was executed by DPPH•, ABTS•+, and FRAP assays. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was carried out using agar well diffusion and microdilution broth methods. Quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds in S. ebulus leaf extract was established by HPLC. The average particle size of nanoparticles was calculated as 18.6 nm. Isoquercitrin was found as a major product. AgNPs@Se displayed excellent antioxidant activity, but they revealed a moderate antibacterial effect. The structure of nanoparticles was assigned as a face center cubic unit cell. Hence, nanoparticles could be a favorable agent for the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Papaver species: usage areas, essential oil, nutrient and elements contents, biological activities

In this study, the utilisation areas, general characteristics, biological activities, mineral and nutrient contents, and chemical compositions of Papaver species were compiled based on literature data. The research findings indicate that Papaver species are consumed either directly or in conjunction with other food products. Furthermore, it has been determined that the Papaver plant material contains significant amounts of essential nutrients and minerals. Additionally, it has been determined that Papaver species may serve as a natural source of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer compounds. It has been observed that the compounds reported in Papaver species may be an important source of many biological activities. As a result, it has been determined that Papaver species could be a significant natural resource.

Determinants of Usage and Satisfaction with Demand Responsive Transport Systems in Rural Areas

Mobility in rural areas requires increased attention, because of not only the large share of the population living there but also the difficulties and special needs that characterize the areas themselves and their residents and visitors. Demand responsive transport (DRT) systems can fill the gap for flexible and sustainable public transport in rural environments. However, since most past studies focused on the urban context, there is still a lack of knowledge on the determinants of usage and loyalty to these systems. The objective of the present study is to identify the decisive factors of DRT systems’ usage in rural areas by examining user characteristics, usage cases, and the determinants of satisfaction with such services. Insights are obtained based on survey data collected on two DRT systems in Austria—one system with a flexible timetable and predetermined stops that mainly serves suburban residents and another door-to-door service with a fixed timetable that is oriented to locals and tourists. The usage of DRT systems is modeled via regression models and the decisive factors are identified and compared among user groups and services. The findings suggest that DRT systems are used for both compulsory and non-mandatory trips and that the majority of users are female. However, the results from different user groups and services suggest that there are not unanimous determinants of the probability of traveling by DRT. With regard to overall satisfaction, it is found that it is related to satisfaction with both trip-level attributes and system design characteristics.

Current Usage Areas of Deepfake Applications with Artificial Intelligence Technology

The concept of artificial intelligence has gained significant prominence throughout history, persisting as a subject of regular discussion and exploration in contemporary times. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been a recurring theme in numerous literary works and films, with its projected significance in future contexts. This thematic exploration of AI has been a subject of creative endeavors spanning several decades. In recent years, deepfake technology has emerged as a prominent subject of interest within the realm of artificial intelligence. Deepfake technology is widely recognized as an artificial intelligence and deep learning-based innovation. Numerous deepfake applications have had a big impact on the public recently. In addition to the production of manipulation films targeting individuals of high popularity, it is evident that deepfake technology possesses many potential applications across several domains. The objective of this study is to explore the potential applications of deepfake technology across many domains. Deepfake technology was examined in the study by concentrating on the concept of deep learning and referencing artificial intelligence technology. The study involved the classification of the many applications of deepfake technology by conducting a comprehensive literature analysis and analyzing examples of its usage in diverse domains. Based on the findings of the study, it is possible to categorize the significant applications of deepfake technology into four distinct groups. The previously mentioned categories include arts and entertainment, advertising and marketing, the film industry, political communication, and media.

Study of Nonlinearities in FSO Communication System: A Detailed Review

In the world of today where growing demand for a fast, reliable and secured communication system for the growing population of the world is in dire need, the Free Space Optics (FSO) provides a very good alternative to the conventional RF communication. When compared in terms of free space communication it is better than RF communications in some aspects. Also in regard to optical mode of communication, it is superior to fiber optics when it comes to surpassing the geographical installation related issues and being the “last mile” solution to the impeding problem of providing access of communication link to remote areas across the world. FSO also offers a good access for local operation usage in civil and military areas. Considering such wide usage and promising future applications of FSO technology, this paper brings out various challenges presently faced in the usage of FSO communication system. In the present paper study of non linearities faced and a brief discussion regarding possible mitigation techniques has been carried out.

Trocar Site Location in Laparoscopic Appendectomy-A Prospective Randomized Study.

Laparoscopic appendectomy has been used in the treatment of appendicitis, which is among the most common emergency pathologies worldwide. There is no consensus on the best trocar entry sites. The purpose of the present study was to compare various trocar entry sites in the literature and to find the localization with the optimal usage area. Patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy between 2021 and 2022 were randomized into 4 groups and included in the study. The demographic data, perioperative, and postoperative findings of the patients were evaluated. A total of 200 patients participated in the study and 73% were male. No differences were detected between the groups in terms of demographic data, preoperative findings, length of stay, and complications of the patients. However, when the mean surgery times of the groups were examined (47.2±26.9, 58.4±23.1, 54.5±18.3, 55.8±18.6min), it was observed that this period was less in Group 1 (P=0.02). When the postoperative Visual Analogue Scale values were analyzed (4.8±2.2, 6.2±1.7, 5.5±2.0, and 5.8±1.9), Group 1 was found to be less painful (P=0.00001). When the surgical procedure is optimized and environmental factors are homogenized, Group 1 trocar entry sites seem advantageous for the procedure in terms of postoperative patient pain scale and operation times.

Investigation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal Effects of Some Boron Compounds

The importance of boron for human life is increasing day by day, and its usage areas are gradually expanding thanks to the developing science and technology. In the present study, antifungal and antimicrobial effects of ammoniumbiborate, lithiummetaboratedehydrate and potassiumtetraborate were investigated. Disc difussion metod was used for determine antimicrobial and antifungal effects. In the study streptomycin standart discs were used as positive control. Boron compounds were showed antimicrobial and antifungal effects on Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 7002), Candida tropicalis (ATCC13803), Citrobacter freundii (ATCC 8090), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Burkholderia Cepacia (ATCC25608). As a conclusion, our results showed that these boron compounds may use as antimicrobial and anti fungal agents.