Udaipur Area Research Articles

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self-instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Risk factors and prevention of Peptic Ulcer Disease Among Adults in a Selected Rural Areas of Udaipur

Background and Objectives: Prevention of peptic ulcer disease is an important determinant of health over the course of life. The early years of life are a period of considerable opportunity for growth or vulnerability to harm. Therefore, it is of great importance that an adult should be aware about the risk factors and various ways to prevent peptic ulcer disease as possible This study aimed to assess the knowledge of adults regarding risk factors and prevention of peptic ulcer disease among selected rural areas of Udaipur. Method: A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was adopted. The study involved 50 adults with in a selected rural area at Udaipur. Data collection included pre-test and post-test assessments of knowledge, demographic surveys, and statistical analysis to evaluate knowledge changes and associations. The self-instructional module was distributed and covered the following areas like: Introduction, Definition, Causes, Risk factors & Prevention. The effectiveness was measured by comparing pre-test and post-test scores, and associations were analyzed using chi-square tests. Results: The data revels that 60% of adult had inadequate knowledge, 24% had moderately adequate knowledge and only 16% had adequate knowledge in pre-test and that 68% had adequate knowledge 14% had moderately adequate knowledge and only 18% had inadequate knowledge in post-test. After the intervention, majority (34%) of adults had good knowledge level whereas during pre-test only (8%) of adults had good knowledge Before intervention the mean knowledge score was 20.22. After intervention, the mean knowledge score was increased to 22.37. Statistically there was a significant difference in the mean knowledge score before and after the intervention (t = 10.95*, df = 19, P<0.05). Hence the hypothesis, there will be a significant difference in the pre and post-test mean knowledge score after the intervention was accepted. The data concluded that, there was a significant increase in the mean knowledge score after intervention because of self-instructional module Interpretation and Conclusion: The study revealed that the self-instructional module was effective in improving the knowledge regarding the prevention of peptic ulcers Keywords: Peptic Ulcer Disease, Self-Instructional Module, Knowledge, Risk factor

Nutritional Status of Children under the Age of Five in Rural Areas of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India - A Review

Nutritional Status of Children under the Age of Five in Rural Areas of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India - A Review

An Epidemiological Study to Assess Prevalence and Risk factors Associated with Diabetes Among Adolescents in Urban Areas of Udaipur

Introduction: Adolescents constitute 20% of world’s total population. Adolescents have become quite vulnerable to various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like hypertension and diabetes mellitus, especially due to the tremendous changes in their lifestyle over the last few decades. The age of onset of Type 2 diabetes in India has been shifting towards ever younger people. Among Indians in their late teens [15-19 years], Type 2 diabetes already manifests itself more often than Type 1 diabetes does. Objective: To study prevalence and risk factors for Type 2 diabetes and pre diabetes among male and female adolescents in Udaipur city. Method: It was a Community based cross sectional study conducted in three urban areas of Udaipur for 6 months. A total of 1005 adolescents were included in the study. A Pretested and predesigned questionnaire was used. Results: Prevalence of diabetes was 2.9% in males and 4.4% in females adolescents. Prevalence of smoking, alcoholism, non-vegetarian diet and hypertension was higher among males. Conclusion: Diabetes type 2 is a growing problem among adolescents. We need active involvement of health care workers for educating adolescents about risk factors for diabetes.

Determination of best fitted regression model for assessment of live body weight from morphological traits in Sirohi goat in Udaipur

The objective of this research was to predict the live body weight from morphological traits of Sirohi goat. Based on data of Sirohi goat of different age (0–3 months, 3–6 months, 6–9 months and 9–12 months) kept under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on goats for Sirohi goats (AICRP) at Livestock Research Station, Bojunda, Vallabhnagar, and Dabok areas of Udaipur, Rajasthan during the year 2017. Simple and multiple regression models were used to explore the live weight and 5 morphological traits while taking animal’s age and sex into consideration. Correlation between body weight and morphological traits at different ages were positive and strongly correlated (P≤0.01). Simple and multiple regression models were fitted with body weight as the dependent variable and morphological traits as independent variables. The coefficient of determination in different equations indicates that combination of heart girth, height at withers, body length, punch girth and rump height succeed in estimating body weight better than single morphological trait. It can be concluded that the best fitted multiple regression models including heart girth, height at wither, punch girth, body length and rump height may be considered best for prediction of body weight of Sirohi goat.

Optimized Lithological Mapping from Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images Using Fused Multi-Classifiers

Most available studies in lithological mapping using spaceborne multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing images employ different classification and spectral matching algorithms for performing this task; however, our experiment reveals that no single algorithm renders satisfactory results. Therefore, a new approach based on an ensemble of classifiers is presented for lithological mapping using remote sensing images in this paper, which returns enhanced accuracy. The proposed method uses a weighted pooling approach for lithological mapping at each pixel level using the agreement of the class accuracy, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient from the multi-classifiers of an image. The technique is implemented in four steps; (1) classification images are generated using a variety of classifiers; (2) accuracy assessments are performed for each class, overall classification and estimation of kappa coefficient for every classifier; (3) an overall within-class accuracy index is estimated by weighting class accuracy, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for each class and every classifier; (4) finally each pixel is assigned to a class for which it has the highest overall within-class accuracy index amongst all classes in all classifiers. To demonstrate the strength of the developed approach, four supervised classifiers (minimum distance (MD), spectral angle mapper (SAM), spectral information divergence (SID), support vector machine (SVM)) are used on one hyperspectral image (Hyperion) and two multispectral images (ASTER, Landsat 8-OLI) for mapping lithological units of the Udaipur area, Rajasthan, western India. The method is found significantly effective in increasing the accuracy in lithological mapping.

Noise reduction and destriping using local spatial statistics and quadratic regression from Hyperion images

Hyperion images from Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) are being used in natural resources assessment and management. The evaluation and verification of Hyperion images for the above applications are validating the EO-1 mission. However, the presence of random and striping noises in Hyperion images affect the accuracy of the results. Therefore, reduction of random noise and stripes from Hyperion images becomes indispensable for the evaluation of the results in natural resources assessment and in optimum use of the data. Thus, a collective approach for correcting pixels with no-data values and removing random noise and stripes from Hyperion radiance images is developed. In the developed method, first, no-data valued pixels are identified and corrected using a local median filter. Minimum noise fraction transformation is then used to reduce random noise from noise-dominated bands. Further, spatial statistical techniques are used to reduce random noise from the rest of the bands. Finally, a local quadratic regression by a least squares method is used to correct bad columns and global stripes, and a local-spatial-statistics-based algorithm is used to detect and correct local stripes. The effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by application to two Hyperion images: one from the Udaipur area, western India, and another from the Lulea area, northern Sweden. The results show that the algorithm reduces random and striping noise without introducing unwanted effects and alterations in the original normal data values in the images.

Evaluation of immunization coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-24 months from rural and urban areas of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Background: Infectious diseases are now the world’s biggest killer of children and young adults. Over the last three decades a lot of progress has been made globally as far as protection against six important vaccine preventable diseases is concerned. The major cause of non-immunization and partial immunization in most of the studies conducted in India and abroad suggest lack of knowledge and awareness about vaccination in the community.Methods: 400 children aged 12-24 months from urban and rural areas (200 each) of Udaipur in a randomized manner were included in this study. For coverage and evaluation of vaccination in this study, informants preferably mothers were interviewed using pre-coded and pretested questionnaire by door to door visit from 1st April 2017 to 31st March 2018, in urban and rural areas of Udaipur and if mother was not available then father or any other person >18 years belonging to the household was asked to respond to questionnaire.Results: The present study was undertaken to find out the vaccination coverage in eligible population in rural and urban blocks of Udaipur. Out of 400 children evaluated. More than half (60.25%) of children were completely immunized. 29.5% children were partially immunized and 10.25% were not immunized at all.Conclusions: Lack of knowledge and awareness were the main reason for non-immunization (44.4%) and partial immunization (29.4%) respectively.

An Observational Study to Assess the Nicotine Dependence among Tobacco users in selected rural Areas of Udaipur (Raj)

An Observational Study to Assess the Nicotine Dependence among Tobacco users in selected rural Areas of Udaipur (Raj)

A study of correlation of different grades of malnutrition with feeding practices during 1st 6 months of life

Background: Childhood under nutrition is a critical public health and development challenge in many developing countries including India. Nearly half of all deaths in children under-5 age group are attributable to under-nutrition. One of the key reasons for under-nutrition in early life is the faulty and sub-optimal infant and young child feeding practices.Methods: 295 children under the age of 5 years residing in rural areas of Udaipur were studied. Feeding pattern and various demographic factors were taken into account, considering age at which breastfeeding was initiated, practice of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months, colostrum given or not, any pre-lacteal feed given or not. Assessment of anthropometric measurements was done and children were categorized as per classification of malnutrition by the WHO.Results: Total of 295 children were studied, out of which 59% (174) children were malnourished. 23.2% of SAM children received exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months compared to 52.1% of control group, which was statistically significant. Difference between severely malnourished and control group children who received pre-lacteal feed was also significant. Only 21% of severely malnourished children were started with breastfeeding within 1st hour of birth.Conclusions: Most of the children who were not given breastfeeding up to 6 months, offered pre-lacteal feed, deprived of colostrum at birth, not started complementary feeding at appropriate time were severely malnourished.

Association between Nutritional Status and Dental Caries among 12- to 15-year-old Government Schoolchildren of Rural Areas of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Association between Nutritional Status and Dental Caries among 12- to 15-year-old Government Schoolchildren of Rural Areas of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Comparison of radiological and histocytological examination of thyroid lesions in Udaipur area

Background: The evaluation of the thyroid lesion is much important for both medical and surgical point of view. Ultrasonography (USG) is far more sensitive than palpation, but diagnostic accuracy is always found to be less than fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathological examination. If cost-effectiveness and diagnostic value considered, the repeat FNA can be done when the nodule shows any suspicious feature on the initial USG. However, known ultrasound features associated with malignancy show an extremely variable probability of malignancy. Objectives: To compare the radiological findings with histo-cytological findings and diagnosis of various thyroid lesions. Material and Methods: The present prospective study was carried out over one and half years. The patients visiting various departments with thyroid enlargement and referred to radiology department were included in the study. Detailed clinical history like demographic data, history of the present thyroid swelling, change in weight, diplopia, mood, and drug history was taken. Patients’ general examination and local examination of swelling was performed. Radiological examinations like X-ray examination, USG, and if needed CT scan were performed. USG-guided FNAC was performed in all participants while histo-pathological examination was done only in operated lesions. Correlation of radiological examination and cyto-histological examination was done. Results: Female:male ratio was 8.3:1 with common age group of presentation was 21–40 years of age. Ultrasound findings show that nodule size varied from 8 mm to 3.5 cm. Total 64.29% participants had single nodule, 26.19% had multiple nodules, and 9.52% had diffuse lesion. Briefly, 90.48% lesions had regular shape and 78.57% had well-defined margin. Nearly 55% of lesions had hyperechoic, 24% had isoechoic, and 21% had hypoechoic picture. Microcalcification was seen in 28.57% of lesions. Radiologically 70% of lesions were colloid goiter, 9.52% were thyroiditis, 8.33% were thyroglossal cyst, 10.71% were benign neoplasm, and 2.38% were malignant. Comparison with cyto-histological examination shows that accuracy of diagnosing the thyroid lesions by radiological examination was 92.86%. Conclusion: Although FNAC and biopsy examination give accurate diagnosis, radiological evaluation of thyroid lesion by ultrasound gives valuable findings that help in further management of the thyroid lesions. Ultrasound also helps in the procurement of sample from the lesion accurately for the FNAC and biopsy.

A study of attitude, awareness and practice on female feticide of pregnant women in Udaipur city of Rajasthan, India

Background: Female feticide has been a big social problem in all the states of India. There is a male child preference by pregnant women including their family members. Thus this study aimed to assess attitude, awareness and practice on female feticide.Methods: The present study was conducted in Udaipur city of Rajasthan in 500 pregnant women of first and second trimester from urban and rural areas of Udaipur city.Results: Out of 500 pregnant women 60% had shown no gender preference, 23.4% preferred male child and 16.6% had preferred to have female child. Regarding awareness, 86.2% and 91.2% women knew that prenatal sex determination and female feticide are illegal respectively. There is significant difference in association in gender preference and awareness about female feticide between rural and urban women and their educational status. The desire to have one male child is main cause for female feticide as male child is considered as necessary condition for family name.Conclusions: Being the civilized citizens, it is our duty to raise voice against the declining sex ratio and killing of girl child. Being a woman it is our primary duty as well as concern to come forward to stop this menace.

Lithological Discrimination and Mapping using ASTER SWIR Data in the Udaipur area of Rajasthan, India

The present study applies the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) transformation on calibrated (orthorectified, cross-track illumination and atmospherically corrected) Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) data in the hostile terrain of Udaipur area. The area has continuous geological sequences, various rock types and economic deposits of lead and zinc, copper, micas and marbles. The proposed Band Combination (BC) derived from PCA (R: PC2, G: PC1, B: PC3), MNF (R: MNF2, G: MNF1, B: MNF3) and ICA (R: IC2, G: IC3, B: IC1) has shown its effectiveness in lithological mapping. The BC derived from ICA shows a great success over BC of PCA and MNF transform to discriminate various lithological units. The lithological map derived from BC of ICA transform shows strong agreement with the published lithology map and field investigation. Therefore, ASTER SWIR data coupled with less explored advanced image enhancement technique like ICA are recommended as a rapid and cost effective tool for lithological discrimination and mapping.

Dental caries and treatment needs of children (6-10 years) in rural Udaipur, Rajasthan

This study was done to examine caries prevalence and corresponding treatment needs in school children of rural areas of Udaipur, Rajasthan. A total of 750 children of rural areas in the age group of 6-10 years were examined, using WHO index, to record the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using chi square test. Dental caries was found in 63.20% children, and 85.07% children needed dental treatment. The highest need was of one surface filling (85.73%) followed by sealant (51.20%). Dental caries showed to be a significant health issue in the rural population requiring immediate attention.

Precambrian Stromatolitic Phosphorites of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Research Article| August 01, 1971 Precambrian Stromatolitic Phosphorites of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India D. M BANERJEE D. M BANERJEE Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi-7, India Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1971) 82 (8): 2319–2330. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2319:PSPOUR]2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 17 Aug 1970 rev-recd: 18 Feb 1971 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation D. M BANERJEE; Precambrian Stromatolitic Phosphorites of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. GSA Bulletin 1971;; 82 (8): 2319–2330. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2319:PSPOUR]2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Study of the origin of phosphorite in the Precambrian Aravalli metasediments has involved stratigraphic analyses of the Aravallian rock sequences around Udaipur, petrography of the phosphatic minerals, chemical analyses of representative samples and reconstruction of the environment of deposition. The role of Stromatolitic algae in the formation of the sedimentary phosphorite has been clearly demonstrated. Evidence suggests that the phosphorites of the Udaipur area were deposited in shallow waters where luxuriant growth of Stromatolitic algae helped in trapping and precipitating phosphorus from the basin waters. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.