Areas Of Socio-economic Development Research Articles

РОЛЬ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ РОССИЙСКОГО БИЗНЕСА В НОВЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ РЕАЛИЯХ

In the current crisis conditions, the most important state task has become to ensure a balance between the implementation of military-strategic initiatives and balanced socio-economic development. The article shows that, given the limited capabilities of the state, the participation of business in the development of the socio-economic sphere seems to be one of the most potentially «underutilized» elements, increasing attention to the implementation of social responsibility practices. The authors note that the state and business can act as interrelated parts of a single mechanism for the socio-economic development of society. However, the transformation of business into the driving force of this process is impossible without solving the systemic problems of the functioning of Russian business structures and creating adequate incentive mechanisms to achieve the necessary quantitative investment flow, balanced in the context of individual territories and areas of socio-economic development.

A conversation with Grace IbukunOluwa Ufeoshi

Ubiquity's senior editor Dr. Bushra Anjum chats with Grace IbukunOluwa Ufeoshi, a data science professional and AI entrepreneur, about her passion for preparing the underprivileged African youth for the future of work in the IT ecosystem. They discuss IbukunOluwa's journey as a computer science educator and community leader, and her latest initiatives to equip young people with the requisite skills needed to apply AI in solving real social and business problems---especially in areas of socio-economic development across Africa.

PROBLEMS OF FİNANCİAL İNCENTİVES FOR İNNOVATİVE AGRO-İNDUSTRİAL ACTİVİTİES

The first decades of the 21st century give enough reason to say that the factor of innovation will play a decisive role in all areas of socio-economic development. The growing importance of innovation in food security at the global and national levels is increasingly recognized. The competitiveness and overall efficiency of agro-industrial activities are directly related to the opportunities for innovative development. Realization of innovative potential at the national and regional levels to some extent depends on the characteristics of incentives. Innovative development in agro-industrial areas requires the study of financial incentives. In most countries, innovation is stimulated in the agro-industrial sectors, especially in agriculture. The formation of an effective system of financial incentives for innovation in these areas requires the study of scientific, theoretical and experimental problems. This article discusses the relevant topical issues. Purpose:the main purpose of the study is to study topical theoretical and practical problems of the formation and development of a system of financial incentives for innovation in the agro-industrial sectors, to identify the possibilities for their solution, and to substantiate the necessary theoretical provisions. Methodology:in the course of the study, the main principles of innovative development and ensuring national food security were touched upon, and the increasing strategic importance of innovative agro-industrial activities was explained. In preparing the article, observation methods, monographic, economic and statistical, the method of scientific abstraction, and logical generalization were used. When studying the topic, the works of economists on the topic were used. Scientific novelty:the main scientific innovation achieved in the article is the characteristics of the system of financial incentives for innovative agro-industrial activities and the definition of conditions in order to create a favorable environment for investing in this activity.

The capability of amalgamated territorial communities as a key factor in the socio-economic development of territories

The article is devoted to the search for ways to ensure the capabilities of the amalgamated territorial communities for the effective socio-economic development of the territories in the changing present Ukraine. It has been established that the defining aspect for improving the capability of the amalgamated territorial communities is maximizing the involvement in cooperation on a contractual and partnership basis for the formation of effective public policies and services of civil society institutions, business representatives, scientists and specialists in various areas of socio-economic development. The essence of the concept of "capable amalgamated territorial community" is determined on the basis of a study of its characteristic features. Types of capability are systematized. The author's development of a mechanism for building a capable amalgamated territorial community has been proposed. The advantages and possible disadvantages of a capable amalgamated territorial community in the context of the socio-economic development of the territory were analysed and it was concluded that it was not enough to create a capable amalgamated territorial community, it was necessary to continuously solve all emerging issues in order to smooth out the possible shortcomings from its creation and use the most of the existing advantages. The powers of a capable amalgamated territorial community are summarized. A system has been built to ensure the socio-economic potential of a capable community. The main signs of the formation of the socio-economic potential of the territory were identified. A generalizing conclusion was made that the uneven socio-economic development of the regions encourages individual administrative-territorial entities to combine efforts and resources, which allows creating capable communities that can maximize the use of organizational, managerial and financial, and economic potential to achieve the desired socio-economic development of the territories of Ukraine.

Minority Groups as Socio-Economic Development Factor of the Emerging EU Region in the Opinion of Regional Authorities: Evidence from Poland and the German Minority

Purpose: This paper aims to show the positive role of the German minority in Poland by considering its influence on socio-economic development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The novel approach is to find the relationship between the presence of the German minority and the socio-economic regional development in the opinion of local authorities. For this purpose, the survey method was used. The surveys were conducted among the Opole Province local authorities concerning their opinion about the role of the German minority in respect of particular areas of socio-economic development. Findings: The main achievement of this paper is establishing that the German minority living in Poland, mainly in the Opole Province, has had a remarkable positive impact on several economic, social, cultural, and demographic phenomena, as well as on improving Polish-German relations in the opinion of regional authorities. Practical Implications: The results of the analysis might be used in shaping an appropriate development policy. They may also indicate the need for appropriate management of minority groups in regional development, and on the other hand, to use ethnic diversity as a potential of the region, a primarily economic one. Originality/Value: Research results can contribute to theoretical models regarding ethnic groups and local and regional development.

Regulatory and institutional mechanism for the implementation of the goals of sustainable development of the region

The mechanism for ensuring sustainable development of regions should be carried out according to the principle of localization, according to which seventeen global development goals are initially detailed in the national context, and then reflected in regional projects and programs. Currently, there is an imbalance in global, national and regional instruments for achieving sustainable development, which requires clarification of the reasons for the current situation. The achievement of the SDGs in the regions is usually implemented by the program-targeted method, which allows directing specific resources to solving specific development issues. Management is concentrated in the relevant structures that consider the specifics of the problems and the essence of the mechanisms for implementing planned activities. However, there is no link between program targets, national sustainable development targets and global SDGs. There is also a duplication of some indicators in different programs and the intersection of a number of areas of socio-economic development of the region. The programs are designed for different periods of implementation, but do not take into account the cause-and-effect chains of desirable / undesirable effects, they are not linked to each other in terms of the totality of program activities, and do not engage synergy effects. This task requires a comprehensive solution with the accumulated experience at the country level by adapting existing and developing new methods for modeling the socio-ecological-economic systems of the regions.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ В СИСТЕМЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КРУПНЫМ МЕГАПОЛИСОМ

Ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the territory, including a large metropolis, is possible only with the use of the most important tool for managing strategic development – strategic planning. Strategic planning is a complex process that is largely determined by management effectiveness. The most important components of management processes are the definition of development priorities, the setting of goals and the selection of specific tasks that allow concentrating the available funds on the most significant areas of socio-economic development. The article provides a general description of the existing system of strategic planning and describes an approach that makes it possible to most objectively determine the main priorities for the development of the territory, increase the effectiveness of strategic planning in the region and, accordingly, decisions made by authorized government bodies. This approach has been successfully tested by the executive authorities of St. Petersburg on the territory of the city of Kronstadt, which resulted in the adoption by the governor Petersburg, the decision to extend it to the Krasnogvardeisky district St. Petersburg.

The right to a safe environment for life and health in the aspect of conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems

The article is devoted to the study of the right to a safe environment for life and health in the ecosystem aspect. Based on the analysis of a number international legal documents of environmental orientation, it is substantiating that the relationship between the human right to a safe environment for life and health and the need to preserve and restore natural ecosystems through the implementation of an ecosystem approach as a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. It is emphasized that the active development of this approach has led to the emergence of a new area of scientific research called «ecosystem approach to health», or in abbreviated form «EcoHealth», which studies how changes in the Earth’s ecosystems affect the life and health of people. It is noted that in Ukraine the specified problems have not yet received universal recognition, however, certain tendencies in this direction, which are primarily associated with the prospects for the implementation of an ecosystem approach to ensure the right to a safe environment for life and health are already traced in the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period until 2030», according to which the goal of such a policy is to achieve a good state of the environment by introducing an ecosystem approach in all areas of socio-economic development to ensure the right of every citizen to a clean and safe environment.

Activities of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, USA and Italy: comparative legal characteristics

In a dynamic society, the issue of functioning and implementation of a balanced and clear mechanism of development of the financial system of Ukraine becomes very important. In a dynamic society, the issue of functioning and implementation of a balanced and clear mechanism of development of the financial system of Ukraine becomes very important. It is believed that the concept of the financial system is a development of a more general definition - finance. At the same time, as noted earlier, finances express economic social relations. The concept of the essence of the financial system, the peculiarities of its functioning is directly related to the nature and functions of the state. A sound financial system is at the heart of the development and successful functioning of a market economy and a necessary prerequisite for the growth and stability of the economy as a whole. This system is the basis and distributes the savings of society, as well as facilitates its day-to-day operations. Although the structural transition from a predominantly centralized planned and controlled economy to an economy operating in accordance with market principles involves many elements, the most important thing is to create a sound financial system. Current trends in the development of world finances in general and the financial systems of states, in particular, objectively determine the further deepening of financial globalization, strengthening relations between countries, which is especially evident in the conditions of the global financial crisis. Despite the integration processes, each state strives to maintain its sovereignty and the peculiarities of the development of financial systems. The article describes the main powers and functions of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, discloses foreign experience and provides a detailed description of the features of the US Treasury and Italy with an analysis of their effectiveness, and outlines ways to improve the work of the Treasury, taking into account the experience of other countries. The rights and responsibilities of the central executive power of Ukraine in the context of the formation of the state financial policy are analyzed. It is proved that the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine is the leading body in the system of central executive bodies in the sphere of implementation of the unified state financial policy. For meaningful analysis of the administrative and legal status of the Ministry, the main tasks related to the formation and provision within the limits of powers in the field of financial control, coordination and directing the concentration of financial resources to the priority areas of socio-economic development of Ukraine are formulated.

Budget expenses as a tool for economic development

Relevance of the research topic. Budget expenditures are significant tool of influence on social and economic processes, and perform reproductive, regulatory, incentive, social function. The issues of improving the budget expenditure planning system is relevant and interrelated with the expansion of the tasks facing financial and budget institutions in the course of their activities. Formulation of the problem. The study essentially budget as a tool for economic development is quite an important issue at the present stage of transformational changes, because the more efficient use of financial resources, redistributed through the budget system depends on the understanding of the nature of this category, and the main factors that determine its development. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of budget expenditures in the current economic conditions of the country, their effective creation and distribution, and the impact on social development as well, are presented in the works of local and foreign scientists T. Bogolib, V. Heyets, I. Zapatrina, J. M. Keynes, N. Kornienko, A. Laffer, L. Lisyak, I. Lukyanenko, I. Lunina, I. Lyutyi, A. Mazaraki, R. Masgrayev, V. Makogon, V. Oparin, M. Pasichnyi, A. Smith, J. Stiglitz, V. Fedosov, I. Chugunov, S. Yurii and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. However, given the transformation in the fiscal policy of our country, it is appropriate to increase the quality level of the budget expenditure as a tool for economic development in the financial regulatory system. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpise of the study is to determine the directions of planning budget expenditures as a tool for the economic development of the country. Objectives of the study: to analyze the share of state and local budgets in the structure of the consolidated budget and Ukraine’s GDP, determine the impact of the expenditures of the consolidated budget of Ukraine on the economic development of the country, consider the features of using the program-targeted method as a tool to achieve the established financial priorities of the state. Method or methodology for conducting research. The article uses a set of scientific methods: the system approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis and synthesis. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The article identifies the importance of effective planning of budget expenditures as a tool for economic development of the country, substantiates the impact of budget expenditures on socio-economic processes, identifies features of using the program-target method in achieving the established financial priorities of the state. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the budget expenditure planning process. Conclusions according to the article. Budget expenditures are an effective instrument of financial regulation, have a significant impact on structural transformations in sectors of the economy and the social sphere. It is important to ensure the optimal allocation of a limited amount of budgetary funds in the areas of socio-economic development, to ensure compliance of the budget expenditure structure with certain strategic goals of the country. In the formation of budget targets, it is important to consider the performance of the implementation of state targeted and budget programs for the previous period.

Evaluation of innovative development of the Russian Federation based on the 2020 vision and strategy indicators

The main indicators of the innovative development of the Russian Federation are considered on the basis of the data presented in two regulatory documents developed in 2008 and 2011. The indicators cover a wide range of areas of socio-economic development, and their values should be achieved by 2020. However, the targets of macroeconomic indicators laid down in the documents at the current moment of time are seen to be overestimated. The analysis of the main achievements in the field of innovative development of our country over a ten-year period is carried out. For the analysis, a set of statistical data published in various sources was used, as well as the values of target macroeconomic indicators published in the concept and strategy. Based on the assessment of indicators and their deviations, an analysis is made of the success of the innovative development of Russia in various areas - from the development of the high-tech sector to the publication activity of the authors. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that these or those target values of macroeconomic indicators have been achieved at the current time and an assumption about achieving these values by 2020. In addition, based on the analysis, it was determined which of the three options for innovative development our country is implementing at the present stage. The main reasons that prevented the experts and the Government of the Russian Federation from reaching the main target indicators of the concept and strategy and transferring our country to “innovative tracks” are summarized.

Modeling the areas of socio-economic development of the region

Modeling the areas of socio-economic development of the region

Identification of climate changes based on antropogenic transformation of landscapes

Formulation of the problem. Functioning of natural geosystems is aimed at preserving their structure, but economic activity leads to imbalances, decreases in order, loss of internal organization and the inability to maintain the necessary stabilization. Analysis of previous research. Studies of the last decades have shown that the climatic conditions of Ukraine can be unfavorable for the life and economic activity of the society. Problems of further research. To find the solution to the problem of preserving the ability of the biosphere to self-regulation, self-restoration by optimizing anthropogenic load on natural systems is very important. Identification of climate change factors is aimed at finding the most active sources of environmental impact in order to determine the real threat of global climate change. The purpose of the research is to determine the causes, areas of initial formation, further development of negative meteorological processes and phenomena on the territory of Kharkiv region during the last decades and to study parameters and causes of air masses transformation, changes in their properties and various resistance to anthropogenic impact. Research methods are observation with the help of various devices and technical means. An integrated approach using field-based observations and technology of climatic series analysis with the help of statistical methods for climate information processing, characterized by high accuracy, allow us to determine their spatial-temporal features and future projections to the natural environment. Presentation of the main research material. Optimal strategic socio-economic development of the regions requires identification of specific links between natural and socio-economic entities, as well as studying large-scale and profound by the consequences violations of the ecosystem at the planetary level - the biosphere and its components. There is a general tendency towards directed climate change, the so-called "global warming", which threatens natural landscapes, upsetting and destroying them. Practical value. There are causal relationships between climatogenic changes, influence of human activity and the reaction of landscapes to them. This is manifested in creation of a variety of transformed landscapes (agrarian, residential, industrial). The consequence of anthropogenic transformations is the change in the parameters and characteristics of the components of nature. Research results. Indicators are the basis for information blocks concerning decision-making in the areas of socio-economic development. Climate parameters of a certain territory may differ from zonal ones and in combination with anthropogenic transformation affect the general condition of the landscapes, lead to the intensification of adverse hydrometeorological and exogenous geodynamic processes and phenomena (erosion, deluvial processes, landslides, suffusion, deflation, flooding.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF VOLUNTARY, FAITH BASED AND NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TURKANA COUNTY, KENYA 1986-2006

The voluntary, religious and Non-Governmental Organizations have done tremendous work in Kenya in the areas of socio-economic development. It is indicated in this study that these organizations especially Voluntary organizations set foot in Kenya in an attempt to mitigate the suffering of refugees from war torn African countries hosted by Kenya at the Kakuma Refugee Camp located in Turkana County. That is when they discovered that even the local populations were adversely affected by challenges of drought, famine, illiteracy, conflict, cattle rustling and diseases. The study exposes how church organizations, voluntary agencies and NGOS contributed to the socioeconomic development of Turkana County residents in areas of medical, conflict resolution, education and provision of social amenities from 1986 to 2006. This study obtained data from both primary and secondary sources. Interviews were conducted after a purposive sampling. This was preferred so as to target respondents who are NGO officials, government officers and employees of other specialized organizations, such as Civil Society Organizations and Voluntary Agencies. The study also sourced materials from the reports of UN agencies working in Kenya, Voluntary Agencies and funding institutions. Some of the libraries and institutions that were of good help included university libraries, the United Nations Information Centre, British Institute of Eastern Africa, the British Council Library, Institute of African Studies and the internet. The neo-liberal approach as expounded by Kegley and Wittkopf (1997) and Keohane (1995) was adopted as its tool of analysis. The theory advocates that the state should accommodate an array of NGOs, transnational, supra-national and transgovernmental relation and coalition building in an effort to uplift the socio-economic status of the people. It was found out that religious organizations, voluntary agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations collaborate with the Government of Kenya in an attempt to uplift the socioeconomic status of the people of Turkana County. Article visualizations:

TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE ECONOMY IN UKRAINE

In the article, the creative economy is considered in various areas of socio-economic development. The creative economy can be considered first as a motivator that provides attractiveness of the investment climate, the modernization of the spheres of education and science, the development of specific areas of the social sphere, etc. Secondly, as a mechanism for the functioning of the creative economy, as well as for the economy as a whole, as well as a system of appropriate socio-economic relations. The formation of new, higher needs causes the search for more perfect mechanisms for their satisfaction. These needs can be met in a variety of ways. It can be both traditional and well-known ways, and fundamentally new, non-standard, creative technologies.

FORMATION OF THE REGION TAX POTENTIAL WITH INCOME ACCOUNT IN THE NON-OBSERVED ECONOMY

The article considers the issues of formation of the region tax potential taking into account incomes in the non-observed economy. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the author's methodology for assessing the tax potential, taking into account income in the non-observed economy. It is substantiated the expediency of using indirect methods of measuring the incomes of the non-observed economy for calculating the tax potential of a constituent of the Russian Federation In accordance with the author's methodology consumer spending can be an indicator of the aggregate income of both registered and unregistered. The shadow incomes of the population can be estimated as the excess of total expenditures over the real disposable income of the population. More calculations have shown that the regions of the Central Federal District have significant amounts of unused financial resources, which can be a source of growth of tax revenues of regional and local budgets in the event of their withdrawal from the shadow turnover. With regard to the alcohol market for the method of discrepancy we consider it appropriate to use the indicators of production and wholesale turnover of alcohol products in the Russian Federation. It is concluded that using the proposed approaches to assessing the tax potential of the region, state authorities at different levels will be able to more effectively monitor regional budgets and increase the effectiveness of fiscal and fiscal mechanisms for sustainable development. Commitment to the qualitative characteristics of the region tax potential, taking into account income in the non-observed economy, will increase the efficiency of using the aggregate tax potential. Tax revenues serve as a quantitative expression of the actually achieved level of the tax potential of the territory. The tax potential ensures the formation of fiscal flows in order to maintain a dynamic balance between the key areas of socio-economic development of the territories and through feedback mechanisms influencing trends of sustainable regional development.

Pre-Communist and Communist Developmental Legacies

This article discusses two distinctive approaches for thinking about historical legacies in the post-communist context. The first approach, which builds on the work of Ken Jowitt, emphasizes the distinctiveness of Leninist socioeconomic and political legacies, while the second approach, rooted in the writings of Andrew Janos, highlights the significant and resilient pre-communist, communist, and post-communist diversity of the countries of the former Soviet bloc. The empirical evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that both types of legacies continue to matter after a quarter-century of post-communist transitions. Thus, whereas we can still discern a distinctive and fairly uniform communist imprint in areas such as primary education and the importance of the state sector in the economy, in other areas of socioeconomic development, either communism was unable to reverse longer-term intraregional differences (e.g., with respect to GDP/capita or the size of the agrarian sector) or its initially distinctive developmental imprint has been fundamentally reshaped by post-communist economic reforms (as in the case of the massive increase in income inequality in a subset of ex-communist countries). In political terms, there is an interesting contrast between institutional trajectories (such as regime type), which largely follow pre-communist developmental differences, and individual political attitudes and behavior, where communist exceptionalism generally trumps post-communist diversity.

A halogatott regionalizáció mint a területi politika sajátossága az átmenetben

A tanulmány célja bemutatni a magyar regionális politika fontosabb jellemzőit az átmenet időszakában, összehasonlítani azt az Európai Unió regionális politikájának elvárásaival, s mindezek alapján meghatározni azokat a kihívásokat, amelyekkel szembe kell nézni a csatlakozás időszakáig és talán még azután is a hazai területi politikában. Az értékelésnél külön figyelmet szentel a dolgozat a regionalizációnak, a régiók kialakulásának, az azokat segítő és akadályozó tényezőknek.