Areas Of Mymensingh District Research Articles

Identification of peste des petits ruminants virus along with co-infecting diseases of goats in Bangladesh.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus is the main infectious cause of goat mortality in Bangladesh, and co-infection may make diseases more severe. This study aimed to detect PPR and co-infecting diseases in goats. One hundred goats suspected to be infected with the PPR virus were collected from various areas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. A systemic post-mortem examination was carried out on PPR-suspected goats. Lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes (pre-scapular) were used for ribonucleic acid extraction, whereas lungs and mesenteric lymph nodes were used for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction. Seven-pair primer sets were used for molecular detection of pathogens specific for PPR, goat pox, contagious ecthyma (Orf), foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus, Klebsiella sp., and Mycobacterium sp. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to find the exact cause. Out of 100 PPR-suspected goats examined, 55 goats were confirmed as PPR-detected by RT-PCR. Among the 55 PPR-positive goats, 2 were co-infected with goat pox, 2 with tuberculosis, 10 with Klebsiella sp. infection, and 6 with FMD as detected by PCR and RT-PCR. Moreover, 12 goats were co-infected with PPRV and fascioliasis. About 58% of PPR virus-infected goats were co-infected with other organisms. There is a need to design technology to detect the state of co-infectivity at its early onset and future preventive and therapeutic strategies for co-infecting diseases. This is the first study in Bangladesh to describe co-infecting diseases of goats along with PPR.

Isolation and molecular detection of avian mycoplasmosis in selected areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh

Avian mycoplasmosis caused by several species of Mycoplasma including Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M synoviae, M. meleagridis and M. iowae. Among these Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the most important poultry pathogen in Bangladesh. For effective control of Mycoplasmosis, proper early diagnosis is the corner stone. The research work was designed, a total of 20 samples, lung exudates, swabs from trachea and air sacs were collected from dead birds of different poultry farms in Mymensingh district during October-December, 2007. Samples were collected in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological study. Swabs were collected in mycoplasma broth supplemented with supplement-G. Additionally Kanamycin solution was added to prevent the growth of gram–Ve bacteria and then the organisms were transferred into mycoplasma agar for isolation. Histopathological studies were conducted using routine procedure in Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Isolated Mycoplasma were subjected to DNA extraction, Nested PCR was done using a commercial PCR kit. The histopathological study revealed the presence of mycoplasmal related tissue changes, such as severe congestion and infiltration of mononuclear cells in different organs. The extracted DNA accumulated at the upper position of DNA ladder as band without any smear formation. The DNA from avian mycoplasmas was amplified and gave amplified product of 975 bp by outer primer and 395 bp by inner primer which was much smaller than the expected size. In this study, preliminary results from field samples suggest that culture using mycoplasma agar and broth supplement with Supplement-G and Kanamycin solution could be useful for the isolation of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (2), 182-190

Determination of antibacterial residues in raw cattle beef in some selective areas of Mymensingh District during Eid-ul-Adha

Background: Antibiotic residue in foods of animal origin is a growing public health concern in recent time. Indiscriminate use of antibacterials in food animal production and ignoring proper withdrawal period may lead to drug residue in milk, beef and eggs. The present study was conducted to detect antibacterial residues in raw cattle beef samples. Methods: One hundred cattle beef samples were collected from four Upazillas of Mymensingh named Gofargaon, Fulpur, Dhobaura and Bhaluka, Bangladesh during the period of Eid-ul-adha in 2018. The residue of two most commonly used antibacterials named oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulphadimidin (SDI) were quantified by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results The mean concentration of OTC and SDI residues in raw beef samples were 0.145 µg/ml and 0.094 µg/ml and the concentration ranged from 0.104-0.435 µg/ml and 0.083-0.357 µg/ml, respectively. About 59% and 43% beef samples contained some levels of OTC and SDI residue, respectively. Importantly, 19% and 12% beef samples exceeded maximum residue limit (MRL) for OTC and SDI, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that drug residue is common in raw beef samples and a good proportion of beef samples exceeded MRL. Farmer’s education to ensure rational use of antibacterials and to follow withdrawal period may help control this public health hazards in Bangladesh context.

Profile of Women Dairy Farmers in Two Villages of Mymensingh District

Dairy farming assumes most important role in providing income generating opportunities particularly for rural women in Bangladesh. To access the socio-economic status of dairy farmers, this study was carried out in selected areas of Mymensingh district. Total sample size was 50 and sample data were obtained from V1 (modern dairy farming), V1 (traditional dairy farming) and V2 (traditional dairy farming) through direct interviews using questionnaires. Simple statistical methods such as frequency, percentage and mean were used to analyze the sample data. V1 (M) women use modern technology of dairy farming and V2 (T) is traditional village. Financial conditions of selected farmers were investigated in study areas. It was found that households in V1 (M) had more household income and well status than others and that V1 (M) woman were more educated and older with longer experience in dairy farming. Relatively wealthy households and educated/experienced women tend to adopt modern dairy farming.

Welfare assessment of calf rearing management practices in family-based dairy units in rural areas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Background: Dairy calves are the future stock of the dairy farms. It is important to describe weaknesses in rearing calves not only to improve their welfare, but also to detect areas where current scientific knowledge is poorly integrated into practice. The aim of the present study was to gather information on calf rearing management practices followed by dairy owners, which are related to welfare. Methods: A survey of calf rearing practices was conducted using a farmer questionnaire to collect data. The survey included 140 family-based small dairy units in seven upazilas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. The frequency and percentage of the response were described. Results: We observed that all respondents attended their animals during calving and 82.14% respondents allowed cow to clean the calves immediately after calving. Only 13.57% farmers cleaned the mouth and nose of calf after birth. More than 85.0% owners cleaned and trimmed hooves of the calf after birth. More than 90%% respondents did not cut the naval cord of calf and apply antiseptic. More than half of the owners (54.28%) fed colostrum to calves when the animals were able to stand on their feet and only 37.14% of them fed colostrum within one hour of birth. About 44.28% respondents allowed ad lib quantity of colostrum to calf. It was found that 73.57% of the owners allowed suckling of calf until 3 to 6 month of age. Most of the owners (55.0%) allowed the calves to suckle all the quarter of udder before and after milking. None practiced castration and dehorning for male calves. Majority (97.14%) of farmers did not perform deworming and vaccination schedule of calves. Conclusion: This study identified a number of rearing practices that represent a poor welfare for calf, which may prone towards diseases and hampering the productivity. Therefore, in addition to the traditional practices, scientific knowledge for this aspect is also important to get superior animals for future.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of avian reovirus in backyard chickens in different areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh.

Objective:The present study estimated the seroprevalence of avian reovirus (ARV) infections in backyard chickens of the Mymensingh district in Bangladesh.Materials and Methods:Considering several risk factors, a total of 460 serum samples were collected from backyard chickens from eight Upazilas of the Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Blood samples were taken from the wing vein using 3-ml sterile syringes and kept at room temperature for clotting in a slanting position and then transported to the laboratory maintaining the cool chain. Subsequently, the prepared sera were harvested and stored at −20°C until used. Finally, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect ARVspecific antibodies using a commercial ARV antibody detection ELISA test kit.Results:The results revealed high prevalence rates of ARV antibodies, with a total seroprevalence of 69.78% (321/460). Area-wise, 74.55% (82/110) seroprevalence was recorded as the highest in Mymensingh Sadar, whereas 64% (32/50) was the lowest in Gauripur Upazila. With regard to sex, female chickens showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) seroprevalence as 90.33% (271/300) compared to male chickens 31.25% (50/160). With regard to age groups, the seroprevalence of ARV infection was 59.33% (89/150) within 2–8 weeks, 82% (205/250) within 9–16 weeks, and 45% (27/60) within 17–20 weeks, respectively. Based on hygienic conditions, the highest seroprevalence of ARV was noted in backyard chickens housed in poor conditions 80% (120/150) than good conditions 50% (40/80). Backyard chickens reared in free-ranging conditions exhibited a significantly higher seroprevalence 73.33% (220/300) of ARV antibodies compared to rearing in separate houses 63.12% (101/160). The seroprevalence of ARV was higher in crossbreeds 71.67% (43/60), brought from market 76% (38/50), and unhealthy 78.57% (55/70) backyard chickens than non-descriptive indigenous 69.5% (278/400), home-reared 69.02% (283/410), and healthy chickens 68.21% (266/390).Conclusion:The high prevalence of ARV antibodies revealed in the current study indicates an extensive exposure of ARV to backyard chickens in Bangladesh that may be transmitted naturally to other chickens, ultimately leading to ominous economic effects on the poultry sector.

Growth Performance of Graded Brahman Calves in Selected Areas of Mymensingh District

Growth Performance of Graded Brahman Calves in Selected Areas of Mymensingh District

Women’s empowerment through small-scale dairy farming in Bangladesh: a study on some selected areas of Mymensingh district

The study was designed to explore the women’s empowerment through small-scale dairy farming in Bangladesh. Small-scale dairy farm owners constituted the population of the present study. Among the population, the households who were actively engaged in dairy farming activities more than one year in the selected area of Mymensingh district, they were considered as the sample unit. For data collection, 50 households from the sample unit were randomly selected for interview. Simple percentages were calculated to show the frequency distribution at different categories of variables. Through small-scale dairy farming, rural women were able to increase their confidence and decision-making power with regard to their household and personal care and experienced increased self-esteem, expansion of their social circles, and ultimately enhanced empowerment through the breakdown of traditional socio-cultural norms. Thus, the expansion of small-scale dairy farming in other rural areas of Bangladesh is likely to contribute to the empowerment of more rural women.&#x0D; Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2019, 3(2), 85-95

Customers' Satisfaction of Service Quality: A Study on the Customers of DBBL at Different Areas of Mymensingh District

This study is conducted to measure the level of customer satisfaction and understand the customer perceptions towards the bank regarding different service quality dimensions in different areas of the Mymensingh area. The study was carried out through a field survey among 300 customers of different branches of this bank at Mymensingh district. A well designed structured questionnaire including both open-ended and close-ended was developed by the researchers and randomly administered to the respondents to collect data. The study finds that customers of this bank are satisfied with the branch accuracy, less complexity in opening an account, security, behavior of employees, technology, and environment, etc. The factors that contribute to customer’s frustration are that they take too much time for the delivery of the checkbook and the interest rate for the loan is high; just as the bank does not provide loans without a mortgage.

DETECTION OF LEISHMANIA INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN HUMAN LEISHMANIASIS ENDEMIC AREA IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT WITH ITS POSSIBLE PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN BANGLADESH

Background: Leishmaniasis is primarily caused by two species of Leishmania (L. donovani and L. infantum) of which clinical infection with L. infantum has been recognized in both humans and dogs as zoonotic disease with dogs as the main reservoir hosts in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia and South America. Although L. donovani has been associated with both clinical and asymptomatic infection in humans but it is still associated with asymptomatic infection in dogs in Indian sub-continent without any evidence of zoonotic infection. Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate the potentiality of dog as reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis in the human leishmaniasis endemic regions in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 stray dogs in the human VL endemic areas of Mymensingh district were captured for the detection VL during the period of November 2010 to May 2011. The dipstick test rK39 (Bios International; n = 20), Giemsa’s stained impression smears of liver and spleen (n = 6) and PCR with the tissue of liver and spleen (n = 6) were tested as per manufacturer instructions and conventional standard methods. Results: Out of 20 stray dogs examined, 4 (20.0%) were positive for L. donovani infection with rK39 strip test. Of the six randomly selected dogs tested with Modified Giemsa’s stained of impression smears of spleen and liver showed 2 (33.33%) positive whereas PCR technique detected 5 (83.33%) positive for L. donovani. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for L. donovani infection in 83.33% stray dogs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a high percentage of L. donovani asymptomatic carrier infections occur in dogs and evidence indicates that dogs and humans may potentially serve as a source of infection to sand fly vectors and accordingly dogs can be recognized as a probable animal reservoir for the Leishmania infection in the endemic region in Bangladesh. However, further studies are required to determine the ability of dogs to transmit the L. donovani to the vector sand fly in nature and its evidence on ‘One Health’ perspectives. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis, Endemic region, Stray dogs, rK39 strip test, Giemsa’s stained liver and spleen impression smears, PCR, Reservoir host, Mymensingh

Managing sustainable Boro rice production through bio-slurry practice in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh

This study aimed to explore sustainable agricultural land management for Boro rice production through bio-slurry practice inBangladesh. Face to face interviews were used on bio-slurry user and non-user farmers in the selected areas of Mymensingh district. The nutritional values (Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) of the slurry and non-slurry based soil were analyzed in the Department of Soil Science laboratory, BAU. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the benefit and cost of boro rice production based on slurry and non-slurry practice. Likert Score scaling and Fishbein model were used to evaluate social acceptability and perception of slurry practices. Two-t sample test also applied for significance the difference of N,P, K on slurry based and non-slurry based soil.. Sixty households were purposively selected and the data were covered on socioeconomic characteristics, consumer attitude, income, cost, returns of bio-slurry and non-slurry based crop. The cost of N, P, K was reduced due to slurry practices instead of chemical fertilizer practices. The total production cost of boro rice per acre for slurry and non-slurry practices were BDT 31,064 and BDT 34,877 respectively, The per acre net return of bio-slurry and non-slurry based rice production were BDT 6056 and BDT 425 respectively and BCR were 1.19 and 1.01, respectively. The bio-slurry practice is much convenient for sustainable land management because it is economic viable, socially accepted and finally, slurry based soil contains significantly better Phosphorus and Potassium compared to non-slurry based soil.

Mycelial growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia by indigenous medicinal plant extract

Pure cultures of four different isolates were established from the infected rice sheath collected different areas of Mymensingh District on the basis of different morphological characteristics including shape, colour (upper side and reverse side), sclerotial shape, sclerotial colour and compactness. The efficacy of six plant extracts viz. Garlic (Allium sativum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Shetodron (Leucas aspera), Mahogoni leaf (Swietenia mahagoni), Mahogoni seed(Swietenia mahagoni) and Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper) was investigated against different the four isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. The radial mycelial growth of the fungus from 2-7 days was significantly differed among the different treatments. At 4 day after culture colony diameter was reached maximum (4.00 cm) in PDA plates of non-treated control treatment. Average colony diameter of Rhizoctonia sp. from 2-7 days after culture ranged from 0 cm to 4.00 cm. The highest colony diameter (4.00 cm) was recorded in control at 4 days after culture. At 4 days after culture, highest percent inhibition of radial mycelial growth over contril was found for Isolate 1 by Garlic (97.50%), Neem (96.75%), and Biskatali (94.25%); for Isolate 2 by Bishkatali (93.25%); for Isolate 3 by Bishkatali (95.75%), Mahogoni seed (85.75%) and Garlic (85.00%), and for Isolate 4 by Bishkatali (95.25%) and Shetodron (89.25%). Among the plant extracts, Bishkatali was highly effective to suppress mycelial growth of all isolates of Rhizoctonia sp.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 190-197, 2017

DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STEPHANOFILARIASIS (HUMPSORE) IN CATTLE

An epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of humpsore (stephanofilariasis) infection on cattle of different age and sex by collecting information from samples conveniently from different areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Clinical history and direct examination is done to detect the infection. Out of 503 samples total 43.14% cattle were found stephanofilariasis positive. The prevalence of stephanofilariasis was higher (27.24%) in cattle between 5-10 years old cattle than of less than 5 years (10.93%) and more than 10 years (4.97%) old cattle. Females have shown more positive (36.98%) result than male (male entire= 3.18%, male castrated= 2.98%) that was 6.16% (Odds ratio= 1; P value= 0.987, ?2= 0.003). Local breed shown 36.98% positive to stephanofilariasis followed in descending order by 2.98% in Red Sindhi, 0.99% in Sahiwal, 0.80% in Jersey cross, 0.40% in Holstein cross, Haryana and Red Chittagong breeds and 0.20% in Pabna breed. From the study it is shown that highest (14.1%) prevalence found in the location of neck region of local breed (12.72%) in female cattle (12.52%) and in the age group of 5-10years (9.74%) than other category on the basis of location of lesions.

An Economic Study on Alternate Rice-Fish Culture in Selected Areas of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh

An Economic Study on Alternate Rice-Fish Culture in Selected Areas of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh

Epidemiology and pathology of &lt;i&gt;Trichomonas gallinae&lt;/i&gt; in the common pigeon (&lt;i&gt;Columba livia&lt;/i&gt;)

Pigeons (n=300) were examined during July 2007 to June 2008 in different areas of Mymensingh district. Of the pigeons examined, 202 (67.3%) were infected by Trichomonas gallinae (Rivolta, 1878). Prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae was higher in female pigeon (70.9%) than male pigeon (63.8%). Adult pigeons aged &gt;3 months were comparatively more affected (75%) than the squab aged &lt;30 days (72.1%) and the younger aged between 30 days to 90 days (64.7%). T. gallinae infection was significantly (P&lt;0.01) lower in summer (48.4%) than rainy (69.8%) and winter (69.3%) seasons. Pathological lesions were confined in the crop, proventriculus and liver. There was an accumulation of greenish fluid and/or cheesy material in the crop and proventriculus. At necropsy, yellowish to grayish necrotic lesions were evident in the crop and proventriculus. On the other hand, the liver became congested where congestion of sinusoids and focal accumulation of heterophils in the parenchyma were found. But, no microscopic lesions were seen in the crop and proventriculus although gross lesions were more prominent in these two organs. Keywords: Trichomonas gallinae; Pigeons; Epidemiology; Pathology DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4826 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 301-306, 2008

Haemoprotozoan infection in ducks: prevalence and pathology

The prevalence of haemoprotozoa in duck and pathological changes produced by these parasites were studied in different areas of Mymensingh district during July, 2007 to December, 2007. In this study 60% ducks were found to be infected with haemoprotozoa. Two species of haemoprotozoa were identified such as Leucocytozoon caulleryi and Leucocytozoon simondi. Prevalence of L. caulleryi (54.67%) was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher than that of L. simondi (5.33%) in ducks. The calculated odds ratio implied that ducks were 19.67 times more susceptible to L. caulleryi infection than L. simondi infection. Prevalence of haemoprotozoa was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher in male (78.94%) than female ducks (53.57%). Pathological lesions were observed in case of Leucocytozoon sp. infections. Grossly lungs were congested but other suspected organs such as liver, lungs, kidney and heart were apparently normal. Microscopically, comma shaped organisms were found in the hepatocyte of liver and alveolar epithelial cell of lungs accompanied with eosinophilic infiltration. Schizonts were also observed in the hepatocyte of liver and alveolar epithelial cell of lungs. The lungs alveoli were distended and ruptured in advanced stages. According to the result, it may be concluded that haemoprotozoan infection in duck is highly prevalent in Bangladesh and produces clinicopathological lesions in duck. So proper control measures should taken to reduce the prevalence of haemoprotozoa of duck in Bangladesh. Key words: Haemoprotozoa, ducks, prevalence, pathology DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1339 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 53-58