Motion Area Research Articles

Video shot boundary detection based on multi-level features collaboration

Video shot boundary detection (SBD) is a basic work of content-based video retrieval and analysis. Various SBD methods have been proposed; however, there exist limitations in the complexity of boundary detection process. In this paper, a simple yet efficient SBD method is proposed, and the aim here is to speed up the boundary detection and simplify the detection process without loss of detection recall and accuracy. In our proposed model, we mainly use a top-down zoom rule, the image color feature, and local descriptors and combine a kind of motion area extraction algorithm to achieve shot boundary detection. Firstly, we select candidate transition segments via color histogram and the speeded-up robust features. Then, we perform cut transition detection through uneven slice matching, pixel difference, and color histogram. Finally, we perform gradual transition detection by the motion area extraction, scale-invariant feature transform, and even slice matching. The experiment is evaluated on the TRECVid2001 and the TRECVid2007 video datasets, and the experimental results show that our proposed method improves the recall, accuracy, and the detection speed, compared with some other related SBD methods.

The Correlation of the Limitations of Movement of the Shoulder Joint with the Functional Ability of Frozen Shoulder Patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Institute Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang

Background: Frozen shoulder is a condition of the shoulder joint that experiences inflammation, pain, adhesions, atrophy and shortening of the joint capsule resulting in limited motion. In frozen shoulder patients, the limited range of motion of the shoulder joint can affect and reduce functional ability. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the limited area of motion of the shoulder joint with the functional ability of frozen shoulder patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Installation Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study, correlation test, with a cross sectional design. There were 29 frozen shoulder patients who met the inclusion criteria in the Medical Rehabilitation Installation Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in November 2018 was taken as a sample using consecutive sampling techniques. Functional ability was assessed using the quickDASH questionnaire and the area of motion was measured using a goniometer, then analyzed. Results: The results of the correlation test showed significant results between functional abilities and the area of motion of the shoulder joints. Active flexion (p = 0.000; r = -0.669), active extension (p = 0.004; r = -0.520), active abduction (p = 0.000; r = -0.663), active adduction (p = 0.022; r = -0.423 ), passive flexion (p = 0.001; r = -0.589), passive extension (p = 0.002; r = -0.543), passive abduction (p = 0.000; r = -0.676), passive adduction (p = 0.038; r = -0.388). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between limited joint motion and functional ability in frozen shoulder patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Installation of Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang.

Occipital cortex and cerebellum gray matter changes in visual snow syndrome.

ObjectiveTo determine whether regional gray and white matter differences characterize the brain of patients with visual snow syndrome, a newly defined neurologic condition, we used a voxel-based morphometry approach.MethodsIn order to investigate whole brain morphology directly, we performed an MRI study on patients with visual snow syndrome (n = 24) and on age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 24). Voxel-based morphometry was used to determine volumetric differences in patients with visual snow. We further analyzed cerebellar anatomy directly using the high-resolution spatially unbiased atlas template of the cerebellum.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, patients with visual snow syndrome had increased gray matter volume in the left primary and secondary visual cortices, the left visual motion area V5, and the left cerebellar crus I/lobule VI area. These anatomical alterations could not be explained by clinical features of the condition.ConclusionPatients with visual snow syndrome have subtle, significant neuroanatomical differences in key visual and lateral cerebellar areas, which may in part explain the pathophysiologic basis of the disorder.

Approximate Analytical Periodic Solutions to the Restricted Three-Body Problem with Perturbation, Oblateness, Radiation and Varying Mass

Against the background of a restricted three-body problem consisting of a supergiant eclipsing binary system, the two primaries are composed of a pair of bright oblate stars whose mass changes with time. The zero-velocity surface and curve of the problem are numerically studied to describe the third body’s motion area, and the corresponding five libration points are obtained. Moreover, the effect of small perturbations, Coriolis and centrifugal forces, radiative pressure, and the oblateness and mass parameters of the two primaries on the third body’s dynamic behavior is discussed through the bifurcation diagram. Furthermore, the second- and third-order approximate analytical periodic solutions around the collinear solution point L3 in two-dimensional plane and three-dimensional spaces are presented by using the Lindstedt-Poincaré perturbation method.

Three-dimensional Map of Lumbar Spinal Cord Motor Function for Intraspinal Microstimulation in Rats.

Intraspinal microstimulation is an effective method to rebuild motor function after spinal cord injury. However, in the implementation, available map of stimulation sites is lacking for reference. The location of electrode implantation can only be determined through multiple stimulation, causing secondary damage to the spinal cord. Therefore, in this paper, SD rats were chosen as the research subject, and the intraspinal microstimulation was used to perform three-dimensional scanning electrical stimulation on the lumbar spinal cord that controls the hindlimb motion. The site coordinates and corresponding threshold current that can induce motion of hip, knee and ankle joints were recorded. In order to reduce the individual variances and improve the universality and applicability of the map, the results of 6 groups were normalized, and three-dimensional map of spinal motor function were drawn in the same coordinate system. The overlap of the distribution area of the same motion in each group was defined as the core region. The threshold current of all sites were analyzed statistically to obtain the most appropriate range of current intensity required to induce hindlimb motion. Using appropriate current for intraspinal microstimulation in the core region can selectively induce desired hindlimb motion, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of electrode implantation.

Motion Perception: Auditory Motion Encoded in a Visual Motion Area

The motion of a translating sound source is easily perceived, yet clear evidence of motion mechanisms in auditory cortex has proved elusive. A new study may explain why, revealing auditory motion is encoded in a motion-specialised region of visual cortex.

Hydrodynamics of gas-liquid co-current flow through a thin sheet of highly porous open cell solid foam

An experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a gas-liquid co-current flow inside a thin sheet of Open Cell Solid Foam (OCSF) confined in a plate reactor is proposed. Image processing is used to quantify the flow patterns when varying the gas and liquid flow rates and buoyancy (horizontal and vertical upflow). The fraction of joint flow and interface motion areas, respectively εm and εi, are defined as relevant quantities to characterize the different flow regimes and phases interaction. Two distinct regimes are observed for the vertical flow: the low (LA) and high (HA) activity regimes characterized by a low or high phases interaction. In the horizontal configuration, an additional regime is observed and is called pseudo-trickling (PT) regime due to its similarity with the trickling regime observed in vertical downflow packed beds. The transition between LA and HA regimes is compared to the regime transition in trickle beds.

Functional Segregation of the Middle Temporal Visual Motion Area Revealed With Coactivation-Based Parcellation.

Traditionally, the visual motion area (MT) is considered as a brain region specialized for visual motion perception. However, accumulating evidence showed that MT is also related to various functions, suggesting that it is a complex functional area and different functional subregions might exist in this area. To delineate functional subregions of this area, left and right masks of MT were defined using meta-analysis in the BrainMap database, and coactivation-based parcellation was then performed on these two masks. Two dorsal subregions (Cl1 and Cl2) and one ventral subregion (Cl3) of left MT, as well as two dorsal-anterior subregions (Cl1 and Cl2), one ventral-anterior subregion (Cl3), and an additional posterior subregion (Cl4) of right MT were identified. In addition to vision motion, distinct and specific functions were identified in different subregions characterized by task-dependent functional connectivity mapping and forward/reverse inference on associated functions. These results not only were in accordance with the previous findings of a hemispheric asymmetry of MT, but also strongly confirmed the existence of subregions in this region with distinct and specific functions. Furthermore, our results extend the special role of visual motion perception on this area and might facilitate future cognitive study.

Drosophila-inspired 3D moving object detection based on point clouds

3D moving object detection is one of the most critical tasks in dynamic scene analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel Drosophila-inspired 3D moving object detection method using Lidar sensors. According to the theory of elementary motion detector, we have developed a motion detector based on the shallow visual neural pathway of Drosophila. This detector is sensitive to the movement of objects and can well suppress background noise. Designing neural circuits with different connection modes, the approach searches for motion areas in a coarse-to-fine fashion and extracts point clouds of each motion area to form moving object proposals. An improved 3D object detection network is then used to estimate the point clouds of each proposal and efficiently generates the 3D bounding boxes and the object categories. We evaluate the proposed approach on the widely-used KITTI benchmark, and state-of-the-art performance was obtained by using the proposed approach on the task of motion detection.

Anterior superior temporal sulcus is specialized for non-rigid facial motion in both monkeys and humans

Facial motion plays a fundamental role in the recognition of facial expressions in primates, but the neural substrates underlying this special type of biological motion are not well understood. Here, we used fMRI to investigate the extent to which the specialization for facial motion is represented in the visual system and compared the neural mechanisms for the processing of non-rigid facial motion in macaque monkeys and humans. We defined the areas specialized for facial motion as those significantly more activated when subjects perceived the motion caused by dynamic faces (dynamic faces ​> ​static faces) than when they perceived the motion caused by dynamic non-face objects (dynamic objects ​> ​static objects). We found that, in monkeys, significant activations evoked by facial motion were in the fundus of anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), which overlapped the anterior fundus face patch. In humans, facial motion activated three separate foci in the right STS: posterior, middle, and anterior STS, with the anterior STS location showing the most selectivity for facial motion compared with other facial motion areas. In both monkeys and humans, facial motion shows a gradient preference as one progresses anteriorly along the STS. Taken together, our results indicate that monkeys and humans share similar neural substrates within the anterior temporal lobe specialized for the processing of non-rigid facial motion.

Ground motion areas detection (GMA-D): an innovative approach to identify ground deformation areas using the SAR-based displacement time series

Abstract. In this work, an innovative methodology to generate the automatic ground motion areas mapping is presented. The methodology is based on the analysis of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based displacement time series. The procedure includes two modules developed using the ModelBuilder tool (ArcGis). These modules allow to identify the ground motion areas (GMA) using only one dataset and the persistent GMA (PGMA) considering the different monitored periods and datasets. These areas represent clusters of targets characterized by the same displacement time series trend. The procedure was tested using different sensors such as ERS-1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1 covering the periods, 1992–2000, 2003–2010, 2012–2016 and 2014–2017, respectively, over an area of about 500 km2 in the Venetian-Friulian coastal Plain (NE Italy). The resulting mapping allows to detect priority areas where to address further in situ investigations such as to verify the presence of localized buried landforms.

Neural bases of visual processing of moving and stationary stimuli presented to the blind hemifield of hemianopic patients

Unilateral damage to post-chiasmatic visual pathways or cortical areas results in the loss of vision in the contralateral hemifield, known as hemianopia. Some patients, however, may retain the ability to perform an above chance unconscious detection or discrimination of visual stimuli presented to the blind hemifield, known as “blindsight”. An important finding in blindsight research is that it can often be elicited by moving stimuli. Therefore, in the present study, we wanted to test whether moving stimuli might yield blindsight phenomena in patients with cortical lesions resulting in hemianopia, in a discrimination task where stimulus movement is orthogonal to the feature of interest. This could represent an important strategy for rehabilitation because it might improve discrimination ability of stimulus features different but related to movement, e.g. line orientation.We tested eight hemianopic patients and eight age-matched healthy controls in an orientation discrimination task with moving or static visual stimuli. During performance of the task we carried out fMRI scanning and tractography. Behaviourally, we did not find a reliable main effect of motion on orientation discrimination; however, an important result was that in different patients blindsight could occur only with moving or stationary stimuli or with both. As to brain imaging results, following presentation of moving stimuli to the blind hemifield, a widespread fronto-parietal bilateral network was recruited including areas of the dorsal stream and in particular bilateral motion area hMT + whose activation positively correlated with behavioural performance. This bilateral network was not activated in controls suggesting that it represents a compensatory functional change following brain damage. Moreover, there was a higher activation of ipsilesional area hMT+ in patients who performed above chance in the moving condition. By contrast, in patients who performed above chance in the static condition, we found a higher activation of contralesional area V1 and extrastriate visual areas. Finally, we found a linear relationship between structural integrity of the ipsilesional pathway connecting lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with motion area hMT+ and both behavioural performance and ipsilesional hMT + activation. These results support the role of LGN in modulating performance as well as BOLD amplitude in the absence of visual awareness in ipsilesional area hMT+ during an orientation discrimination task with moving stimuli.

A restricted circle based position keeping strategy for the wave glider

The wave glider is a class of wave-propelled, persistent, unmanned ocean surface vehicle. Due to the characteristics of low speed and weak maneuvering, it is challenging to control the wave glider accurately under the environmental disturbances. This paper focuses on the position keeping of the wave glider in open sea. A novel robust position keeping guidance strategy based on the restricted circle is firstly developed. Subsequently, the position keeping performance of the wave glider under different sea conditions is simulated using an eight-degree-of-freedom mathematical model. The influences of various factors on the positioning capability are investigated, including waves, current, restricted radius of circle, and control mode after entering the restricted circle. The results show that the proposed position keeping algorithm can limit the motion area of the wave glider to a certain range. Besides, under a given sea state, a smaller restricted circle ensures a better positioning accuracy, but requires more energy consumption. Waves and current both have significant impacts on the positioning accuracy and energy consumption for the wave glider position keeping.

Theoretical Analysis of Assembly Variation by Positioning between Two Parts using a Round Pin and a Diamond Pin

Abstract This paper discusses assembly variation possible when the positioning between two parts is constrained using two cylindrical holes fit over two types of pins. Positioning can be realized by means of mating components controlled by the above method. In this paper, one pin is round and the other is diamond-shaped. A case in which a pair of a round pin and round hole, and another case in which a pin and round hole are mating, is studied. In this paper, in order to simplify, the diamond-shaped pin is called a diamond Two parts positioned using two holes fitting over two pins may move relative to each other during assembly process because of clearances between the pins and the holes. Therefore, assembly variation arises between the two parts. The area in which an arbitrary point can move is called “motion area” in this paper. In order to determine the assembly variation in a precise manner, this paper deals with the motion area that is obtained by positioning using a pin. There are some other positioning methods using two holes to fit over two pins. For instance, (1) two pairs of round pins and round holes, also (2) a pair of a round pin and round hole, and a pair of a round pin and slot. The authors have clarified the motion area using these positioning methods and formulated the maximum motion area. This paper will verify the motion areas by the positioning method using a pin. Then, the results are compared with those of the other positioning methods. Furthermore, the maximum motion area is formulated.

Hand Gesture Recognition and Voice Conversion for Speech Impaired

Speech impairment may be infirmities that affect a human’s capability to reach out others via conversation and listening. Humankind in such community, suffering from the above said disability, adopts sign language as an alternate mode of conversation. Even though speech and hearing impaired are using sign language everywhere, the non-sign language speakers face challenges in communicating with speech impaired. Modern approaches in deep learning and computer vision have resulted in a tremendous improvement in the areas of motion and hand sign identification. The main motive presented work is to develop vision-based applications that provide sign language transliteration to speech enabling communication among verbal and non-verbal communicators. The proposed framework uses a methodology of collecting video sequences followed by extracting temporal and spatial features. Recognition of spatial features is compassed using “Convolutional Neural Networks” and to train on temporal features, “Recurrent Neural Networks” were utilized. The databases employed are the American Sign Language datasets.

Marking Routes of Motion Verbs and Areas of Motion in Early Middle Japanese Sentences

Marking Routes of Motion Verbs and Areas of Motion in Early Middle Japanese Sentences

Asynchronous control and driver for high‐speed LED display with local scanning approach

This study presents an extendable full-colour light emitting diode (LED) display based on field-programmable gate array implementation. The LED display panel system includes memory management, image format conversion, serial parallel interface (SPI) interface, local scan techniques, LED driver and pulse width modulation (PWM) data control. To reduce I/O ports, data transmission system uses SPI interface to send the PWM data to the LED panels. A novel local scan technique, which could use a lower frequency for data transmission and achieve higher frame rate for LED display, is proposed. Each display module contains local memories for data self-scanning to LED. The display continues even if there is no new data input. The advantages are that the display rate does not care about the speed of data transmission. Only motion area, rather than complete frame, required sending data to display, which can greatly improve data bandwidth. This is very useful for high-resolution display system since even low data rate can achieve the fast display refresh. This approach is a module-based design, which can easily be extended to any size with auto re-configuration without using embedded processor.

A dynamic body-selective area localizer for use in fMRI

Functional localizers allow the definition of regions of interest in the human brain that cannot be delineated by anatomical markers alone. To date, when localizing the body-selective areas of the visual cortex using fMRI, researchers have used static images of bodies and objects. However, there are other relevant brain areas involved in the processing of moving bodies and action interpretation that are missed by these techniques. Typically, these biological motion areas are localized separately using whole and scrambled point-light display stimuli. Currently, one can only localize either the static body-selective areas or the biological motion areas, but not both together. Here, for the first time, using motion-controlled dynamic body and object stimuli, we describe a method for localizing the full dynamic body-selective network of the human brain in one experimental run.•The method uses dynamic body and object stimuli.•Low-level local motion information is added as a covariate into the fMRI analysis.•This localizes the full dynamic body-selective network of the human brain.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation attenuates BOLD adaptation and increases functional connectivity.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is used as a noninvasive tool for cognitive enhancement and clinical applications. The physiological effects of tACS, however, are complex and poorly understood. Most studies of tACS focus on its ability to entrain brain oscillations, but our behavioral results in humans and extracellular recordings in nonhuman primates support the view that tACS at 10 Hz also affects brain function by reducing sensory adaptation. Our primary goal in the present study is to test this hypothesis using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging in human subjects. Using concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and tACS, and a motion adaptation paradigm developed to quantify BOLD adaptation, we show that tACS significantly attenuates adaptation in the human motion area (hMT+). In addition, an exploratory analysis shows that tACS increases functional connectivity of the stimulated hMT+ with the rest of the brain and the dorsal attention network in particular. Based on field estimates from individualized head models, we relate these changes to the strength of tACS-induced electric fields. Specifically, we report that functional connectivity (between hMT+ and any other region of interest) increases in proportion to the field strength in the region of interest. These findings add support for the claim that weak 10-Hz currents applied to the scalp modulate both local and global measures of brain activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Concurrent transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and functional MRI show that tACS affects the human brain by attenuating adaptation and increasing functional connectivity in a dose-dependent manner. This work is important for our basic understanding of what tACS does, but also for therapeutic applications, which need insight into the full range of ways in which tACS affects the brain.

Dorsal-movement and ventral-form regions are functionally connected during visual-speech recognition.

Faces convey social information such as emotion and speech. Facial emotion processing is supported via interactions between dorsal‐movement and ventral‐form visual cortex regions. Here, we explored, for the first time, whether similar dorsal–ventral interactions (assessed via functional connectivity), might also exist for visual‐speech processing. We then examined whether altered dorsal–ventral connectivity is observed in adults with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a disorder associated with impaired visual‐speech recognition. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with concurrent eye tracking in pairwise matched control and ASD participants. In both groups, dorsal‐movement regions in the visual motion area 5 (V5/MT) and the temporal visual speech area (TVSA) were functionally connected to ventral‐form regions (i.e., the occipital face area [OFA] and the fusiform face area [FFA]) during the recognition of visual speech, in contrast to the recognition of face identity. Notably, parts of this functional connectivity were decreased in the ASD group compared to the controls (i.e., right V5/MT—right OFA, left TVSA—left FFA). The results confirmed our hypothesis that functional connectivity between dorsal‐movement and ventral‐form regions exists during visual‐speech processing. Its partial dysfunction in ASD might contribute to difficulties in the recognition of dynamic face information relevant for successful face‐to‐face communication.