Area In Kalimantan Research Articles

Exploring communities’ values and uses of intact and degraded forest areas in Central Kalimantan

Tropical peat swamp forest (PSF) values and uses by local communities have been identified as key determinants of sustainable forest management. Understanding these terms has become essential in the conservation strategy decision-making processes, as it integrates the impacted communities concerns of nature. This study aims to enhance understanding of the pressures and motivations for local communities working in the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF) Mawas Conservation area in Mantangai, Central Kalimantan. To assess attitudes, usage, and livelihood changes within the intact versus degraded forests, we conducted focus groups in four Dayak communities. Semi-structured interviews were used for data triangulation. The values and uses of the forest were explored with participatory and gender-based analysis tools, analysed with qualitative narrative and contents analysis approaches. Using theme analysis, we assessed how the community protects the forest to determine their possible contribution to PSF protection. Here we present the main values (intrinsic, instrumental and relational) and uses of the forest described by the community, and also critical gender differences. We describe their relevance in relation to the development of a conservation strategy for the area. It also serves as a model for assessment of PSF in other areas and raise awareness of the understudied threats facing these forests and potential opportunities for their protection.

Predictive Mapping of Hydrometeorological Disaster Prone Areas in Central Kalimantan

Disaster is an event or a series of events that threatens and disrupts people's lives and livelihoods, caused by natural and/or non-natural factors and human factors, resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses, and psychological impacts. Hydrometeorological disasters are events related to water, atmosphere, and oceans. It is recorded that hydrometeorological disasters occurring in Indonesia reach 86%, including floods, tornadoes, landslides, forest and land fires, and droughts. Specifically, in Central Kalimantan Province, forest and land fires and floods are frequent disasters. Both fall into the category of hydrometeorological disasters, closely related to the climate in Central Kalimantan. In this study, the prediction of rainfall, temperature, and humidity values in Central Kalimantan Province was calculated using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average method at 5 stations in the province. Subsequently, the prediction analysis of flood events was carried out using the machine learning random forest method based on the rainfall data, temperature, humidity, and event data. According to the calculation results, flood disasters are not predicted to affect almost all areas of Central Kalimantan Province. However, by the end of 2023, it is anticipated that most areas in the province will still be categorized as experiencing a normal level of drought. Notably, there are two areas that must increase awareness of this drought disaster, namely Pulang Pisau and Sampit, especially in October 2023.

FIQH SUNDA

The scholars have different theories concerning Islam coming to Nusantara. They believed that the first community to accept Islam was the residents of the coastal areas of Sumatera, Java, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, and Papua. Afterward, Islam was disseminated to rural areas throughout the Nusantara including fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), one of the fundamental teachings of Islam. This reception was surely through a long process and resistance from the indigenous residents of the Nusantara who already had local religions and beliefs practiced continuously by hereditary generations. Badui in Banten and Kampung Naga, West Java were indigenous residents of the island. This article seeks to discuss the negotiating process of fiqh among Badui and Kampung Naga’s communities from historical and anthropological viewpoints. This article argues that the negotiating of fiqh by the community of Badui is limited to particular cases such as marriage and inheritance. While the community of Kampung Naga receives the majority of fiqh. The negotiating of fiqh in both communities was influenced strongly by their interaction with outside communities and also state power.

Analysis of the Stunting Program in Kubu Raya Regency through the Use of Evidence Theory

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in children under five due to chronic malnutrition, especially in the First 1,000 Days of Life (HPK). As a form of government responsibility related to efforts to accelerate stunting reduction, the government issued Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 72 of 2021 concerning Acceleration of Stunting Reduction. In the 2020-2024 RPJMN, the government targets the stunting prevalence rate in Indonesia to decrease to 14%. Therefore, districts/cities, especially those that are priority districts, must make convergence efforts in accelerating stunting reduction. Kubu Raya Regency is one of the areas in West Kalimantan that has a high percentage of stunting. The use of evidence plays a very important role in the policy-making process, especially in the policy of the Stunting Reduction Acceleration program which is a priority program at this time in accordance with Kubu Raya Regent Regulation Number 59 of 2019. The research method used is descriptive qualitative using data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis used in this research with the concept of Evidence Based Policy, which includes several indicators, namely program assessment, budget development, implementation oversight, outcome monitoring and target evaluation. The results of this study show that the use of evidence in the implementation of Kubu Raya Regent Regulation Number 59 of 2019 concerning the Stunting Reduction Acceleration Movement provides significant changes and runs effectively with several new activities and innovations that adjust to the needs.

EFFECTIVENESS OF WETLAND-BASED WAVE AND OPTICS MODULES ON STUDENTS' SCIENTIFIC LITERACY ABILITIES

Wetlands that dominate the area in South Kalimantan are one of the indigenous science learning resources that can help students learn. However, the insertion of wetlands has not commonly been done on a learning media which directly used in class. The developed wetlands-based module on wave and optics aimed to enhance students’ scientific literacy which leads to the success of learning by integrating indigenous science. It was implemented for thirty science education students by using a group pretest-posttest design. The results showed that 29 students gained increased scientific literacy during the implementation, with the improvement in each aspect of scientific literacy categorized as moderate. In addition, the Wilcoxon test result showed a significant enhancement of scientific literacy after using the wetlands-based module of wave and optics. Thus, the wetland-based module is effective in improving students’ scientific literacy abilities.

Polyamide 66 hybrid TiO2–pectin flat-sheet membrane applied to wetland water ultrafiltration

This article describes a study in which a hybrid, polyamide 66 flat-sheet membrane is fabricated and then used to eliminate turbidity in wetland water in an area of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The membrane was prepared by the phase inversion technique, using nylon 66, formic acid solvent, titanium dioxide and pectin as additives. Results show that the pure water flux of the membrane produced is extremely high – reaching 418.04 Lm-2h-1 – but decreased to 311.97 Lm-2h-1 with the addition of TiO2–pectin. When applied to wetland water the PA–TiO2–pectin membrane showed 100% turbidity rejection.

Farmers’ Perceptions of Hand Tractor Use in Supporting Agricultural Mechanization in the Food Estate Area of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Farmers’ Perceptions of Hand Tractor Use in Supporting Agricultural Mechanization in the Food Estate Area of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

PreciPalm: An Intelligent System for Calculating Macronutrient Status and Fertilizer Recommendations for Oil Palm on Mineral Soils Based on a Precision Agriculture Approach

The measurement of the macronutrient values of an oil palm plantation is a complex and tedious task, particularly when dealing with large plantation areas. This situation complicates the process of the conventional measurement of nutrients by taking samples of oil palm leaves in the area being observed, causing delays in fertilizer recommendation and a lack of spatial diversity observation. Precision agriculture (PA) principles and approaches, which focus on assessing temporal and spatial variability, can be used to improve conventional measurement methods in terms of both accuracy and speed. This research aims to determine macronutrients, specifically nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents in oil palm leaves based on PA principles using the integration of remote sensing technology and machine learning to quickly obtain the macronutrient status from oil palm plantation areas. The Sentinel‐1A and Sentinel‐2A imagery data were analyzed and extracted to produce selected features, which are most influencing in the correlation between the imagery data and the leaf macronutrient values obtained from laboratory analysis. The random forest regression (RFR) model is used to produce correlation functions to compute macronutrient values. The use of the two satellites is to cope with cloud and smoke interference. The prototype system developed, named PreciPalm (Precision Agriculture Platform for Oil Palm), has been validated and implemented based on 2000 leaf sampling units representing several oil palm plantation areas in Indonesia, including Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. The observed system performance resulted in the measurement accuracy of 95.02%, 93.50%, and 82.52% for the nutrients N, P, and K, respectively. The novelty of PreciPalm is that it provides an ecosystem to transparently measure and observe the macronutrient status of oil palm in a timely, visual, spatial, and location‐specific manner, thereby improving oil palm nutritional management with more certainty and precision.

Optimization of a soil type prediction method based on the deep learning model and vegetation characteristics

The structure and composition of forest vegetation plays an important role in different ecosystem functions and services. This study aimed to identifying soil types based on vegetation characteristics using a deep learning model in the High Conservation Value (HCV) area of Central Kalimantan, spanning 632.04 hectares. The data on vegetation were collected using a combination method between line transect and quadratic plots were placed. The development of a deep learning model was based on the results of a vegetation survey and the processing of aerial photos using the Feature Classifier method. The results of applying a deep learning model could provide a relatively accurate and consistent prediction in identifying soil types (Entisols 62%, Spodosols 90%, Ultisols 90% accuracy). The composition of vegetation community in Ultisols was dominated of seedling and tree (closed canopy), meanwhile in Entisols and Spodosols was dominated of seedling and sapling (dominantly open canopy). Ultisols exhibited the highest species richness (57 species), followed by Spodosols (31 species) and Entisols (14 species). Ultisols, Entisols, and Spodosols displayed even species distribution(J' close to 1) without dominance of certain species(D < 0.5). The species diversity index was at a low to moderate level(H' < 3), while the species richness index remained at a very low level(D_mg > 3.5).

TRAINING ON MAKING A WATER LEVEL INSTRUMENT AS AN EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR PEATLAND IN TUMBANG TAHAI VILLAGE, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

Indonesia has 14,905,575 ha of peatlands spread across Sumatra (43.18%), Kalimantan (32.06%) and Papua (24.76%) (Balai Besar Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, 2011). The area of peatland in Central Kalimantan reaches 2.65 million ha or 16.83% of the total area of Central Kalimantan (Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, 2013). Land and forest fires are becoming increasingly severe not only in Central Kalimantan, but also in other regions. This is triggered by activities where peatlands are used for agriculture or plantations coupled with the construction of drainage canals, causing peat water to dry out and become flammable during the dry season. In 1997, catastrophic fires destroyed no less than 2.2 million hectares of peat swamp forest, and destroyed 0.14 - 0.17 Gt of peatland carbon. In addition, it also caused several health problems, for example in Central Kalimantan, during the fires in 2015 there was data on cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Central Kalimantan until the fourth week of September 2015, the number of sufferers reached 20,274 people (KMNLHRI and UNDP; 2015). These forest fires also cause great losses in the socio-economic field. This service aims to prevent drought in peatlands by measuring the water level at several points in Tumbang Tahai Village by measuring the water level so that an Early Warning System for peatland drought is formed in the village. It is hoped that the community of Tumbang Tahai Village in particular and the people of Central Kalimantan in general will be able to prevent peatland drought and this can be an initial experience in the practical experience of making, installing and using a water level measuring instrument.

Enhancing the Sustainability of Oil Palm Plantations Through the Application of Principles and Adaptive Management of High Conservation Value Areas in Central Kalimantan

The rapid development of oil palm plantations raises environmental issues related to biodiversity and conservation. Thus, a holistic and integrated approach is needed to manage high conservation values (HCV). This holistic and integrated approach involves various stakeholders in implementing sustainability principles. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of applying the principles and evaluating the adaptive management practices of HCV areas applied to oil palm plantations. The research was conducted on an oil palm plantation in Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, with HCV 1 – 5 criteria covering an area of 5379 ha. Employing an observational method, the data were collected via field observations and interviews with relevant stakeholders, including oil palm plantation management, environmental organizations and local communities. The findings show that by protecting HCV, oil palm plantations can operate sustainably and reduce environmental negative impacts. The application of the principles of HCV areas in the company involves identifying, assessing and protecting areas with high ecological, social, and cultural values. These are then used as the basis for recommendations for adaptive management in oil palm plantations. Through adaptive management, oil palm plantations can adapt their practices to local conditions, reduce negative impacts, assess impacts, and take appropriate steps according to the conditions. The success of adaptive management carried out by the company can be seen based on data on the decline in HCV openings and the maintenance of HCV 1 - 5 areas. Thus, by applying adaptive principles and management, oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan can increase sustainability, protect the environment, and provide sustainable social and economic benefits. Having important implications for the palm oil industry, this research can be used as a guide in policy-making that supports the development of environmentally responsible oil palm plantations.

ANALISIS KAPASITAS DAYA DUKUNG PONDASI DANGKAL TERHADAP KEDALAMAN (STUDI KASUS: KALIMANTAN)

The bearing capacity of the foundation is the ability of the soil to withstand the pressure or load of the building on the ground safely without causing shear failure or excessive decrease. The bearing capacity value of a soil is based on the characteristics of the subgrade soil. The analysis was conducted using the Mayerhoft (1963) and Hana (1981) methodologies in the West Kalimantan and South Kalimantan areas. The results of calculations at the South Kalimantan location yielded values of 11.9 kN for the load P = 5 kN with a depth of 0.5 m and dimensions of 1x1 m, and 11.9 kN for the load P = 10 kN with dimensions of 1x1 m at a depth of 0.5 m. The West Kalimantan location obtained values for loads P = 5kN and 10kN with a depth of 0.5 m, so this condition is unqualified for the allowable bearing capacity. Compared to areas in West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan is still able to satisfy the requirements for shallow foundation bearing capability.

Technical Efficiency of Local Rice Farming in Tidal Swamp Areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Determinants and Implications

Technical Efficiency of Local Rice Farming in Tidal Swamp Areas of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Determinants and Implications

The Practicality of Developing a Multi-Split Model Based on the Hands-on-Mind Approach as a Reconstruction of Basic Literacy and Character Values

West Kalimantan is a province in Indonesia with the longest border with foreign countries. Therefore, education in these areas must be paid close attention to so that students can obtain optimal learning competency results and master basic literacy and character values as catalysts for understanding, awareness, and attitudes toward the pillars of national and state life. This study aims to determine the practicality of developing a multi-split model based on the hands-on-mind approach that can be used to reconstruct basic literacy and character values in the border areas of West Kalimantan and Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used was research and development (R&D). The source of the data in this study was obtained from the results of field trials; thus, the practicality of developing a multi-split model based on the hands-on-mind approach observed by two teachers could be seen. The results of the practicality analysis showed that (1) the implementation of learning using a multi-split model based on a hands-on-mind approach reached an average score of 3.23 with good criteria, (2) student activities got an average score for each activity of at least 3.16 with good criteria and (3) the obstacles experienced by students were not familiar with the pattern of the learning process using this model; consequently several student activities could not run optimally.

Farmers’ Food Security in Forest and Peatland Fires Prone Areas of South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Forest and peatland fires in Indonesia affect the lives of farmers near the prone areas, and their food security is impacted. This research aimed to examine the level of food security and identify the factors influencing it in the forest and peatland fires of South Kalimantan. One hundred farmers, considered vulnerable to peatland fires, from two subdistricts, namely Gambut District and Sungai Tabuk District, were interviewed. The study employed the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) method, consisting of nine food conditions questions and logistic regression analysis. This study shows that the majority of farmers experience mild food insecurity. Land status, family size, fire rate, and land size affected the farmers’ food security. Disaster mitigation education may help reduce the impact of forest and peatland fires on farmers’ food security. Additionally, support from various stakeholders will strengthen food security efforts. Keywords: farmers, fires, food security, forest, peatland

Investigating EFL Students’ Speaking Difficulties in Their Speaking for Social Objectives

Speaking is an essential part of learning English. Speaking activities in class, on the other hand, provide a problem for students from various educational backgrounds, such as those from distant communities in Bengkayang, West Kalimantan. This study intends to investigate the speaking obstacles of students from Bengkayang, as these students frequently struggle when requested to practice in Speaking for Social Purposes (SFSP) lessons. This is a qualitative investigation. This study employed semi-structured interviews with seven Bengkayang students who had taken SFSP lessons to collect data. The collected data were examined using thematic analysis, in which the researcher analyzed and comprehended the thoughts or viewpoints expressed by the participants before categorizing the data based on their themes. The findings revealed some difficulties that the students encountered, such as a lack of self-confidence, pronunciation mistakes, and a lack of vocabulary. This study also offers students practical suggestions and strategies for overcoming some English-speaking challenges in comparable situations. Students can practice speaking using various media to overcome pronunciation issues. The Elsa app is one of the media options available to pupils. Students can read more books in English for fun to help with vocabulary issues. Future researchers can look into the speaking issues faced by other EFL students in other remote areas of Kalimantan or other large Indonesian islands to see if they are similar to those revealed in this study.

Banjar Women's Strength (Double Role: As Worker and Educator)

Allah swt has universally positioned men as having several advantages compared to women, as Allah swt says in the Al-Quran, Surah An-Nisa, verse 34. Men must provide family support to their wives and children, thus requiring them to actively try and work to meet the household's needs. In some religious literature, it is stated that men are the backbone of the family, while women are created from crooked ribs. On the other hand, the persistence of women in their careers and businesses can be seen, especially in several areas in South Kalimantan. This research will focus on three areas, namely Banjarmasin, Martapura and Bati-bati. The Banjar community in that location has its characteristics from the perspective of the female workers. In Banjarmasin, there are women Gojek Online; in Martapura, there are women "Kelelepon" sellers; and in Bati-bati, there are women farmers. This study aims to understand the concept of dual roles for women, namely as workers and educators, explore their motivations in working and understand the attitude of society towards them, among who like and dislike their work and seek comparative solutions to various "gender" issues that develop among the Banjar community. This research is a field research with an anthropological approach.

Training on Making Healthy and Nutritious Snack Products: KEPAYA (Papaya Chips) in Bati-Bati District, Tanah Laut Regency

Papaya fruit is a fruit that has a high nutritional content, especially levels of vitamin C and vitamin A. Every 100 grams of papaya contains 3.65 mg of vitamin A and 78 mg of vitamin C. The whole papaya plant is very beneficial for human health. Other benefits, can be used as an alternative medicine for diseases, constipation, heart disease, cancer, high cholesterol, acne, and inflammation. Tanah Laut Regency is the largest papaya producing area in South Kalimantan, as a papaya producing area, of course the people have the potential to develop various business opportunities. The problem encountered in the community is a lack of knowledge about the other benefits of papaya fruit. chips snacks, most of the people's income is only from agriculture, from the existing problems, the team provides a solution, namely to provide knowledge about other benefits of papaya fruit, provide training on making papaya chips, and utilize the potential of papaya fruit as an effort to increase the income of the community in Bati District -Bati, with partners PKK RT 08 Liang Anggang Village through this Community Service will add references for the community to be able to do entrepreneurship from the papaya fruit they produce, a product that has a sale value, is healthy and nutritious such as making papaya fruit into chips snacks which can be enjoyed by all groups, with these various benefits, this Community Service is carried out in order to utilize the potential of natural resources in the Tanah Laut Regency area, especially the Bati-Bati District, where most of the people work as farmers. The community knows other benefits of papaya fruit which can be used as a product or other way of consuming papaya fruit, creating KEPAYA snack products, Papaya Chips which are nutritious and healthy. The results achieved from the output of this program are that it can produce a processed snack derived from papaya fruit where this papaya fruit has many benefits for our bodies and to increase the income of the people in the Bati-Bati District.

Juridical Analysis in Environmental Law Enforcement Efforts Against Forest Destruction


 
 
 In this article, the author will discuss the application of criminal/administrative sanctions for Environmental Law Enforcement against Forest Damage, using a normative juridical approach. In 2015, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry recorded at least 95 hotspots of the source of haze in Sumatra and 61 hotspots in Kalimantan. The spread of haze caused by forest and land fires that occurred covered the areas of South Sumatra, Jambi, Riau, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and South Kalimantan. At least 22.6 million people were affected in Sumatra and 3 million people in Kalimantan were victims of the forest and land fires. The source of the fire is still not well understood, but the fire spots are spread and not influenced by differences in land types (Steenis and Fogarty 2001). This indicates that forest fires occur at the same level. This is the basis for the author to discuss the effectiveness of law enforcement for forest destroyers.
 
 

Predictive Modeling of Cave Settlements In Karst Area of Kapuas Basin, West Kalimantan

Starting in the 1970s, the captivating archaeological potency in the tropical rainforest area of West Kalimantan started to be revealed. Since then, several expeditions and research had been conducted by The National Research Center for Archaeology and Archaeology Office in South Kalimantan. One of them was an exploration and excavation led by Vida P.R. Kusmartono from 2013-2019. Previous studies have shown that the area of Upper Kapuas Basin possesses numerous archaeological resources, however, many of the areas remain uncovered. This condition is caused by the extensiveness and difficulty of this area to be reached. For that reason, in 2020, we created a predictive model to give an overview of the probability of archaeological caves in this area. This predictive model uses environmental variables and is based on the hypothesis of the environmental resources variables in choosing cave settlements in the prehistory era. The variables used are the elevation of the valley, the proximity distance from the water source, the steepness of the slope, the direction of the slope, and the lineament density. Analysis of the variable elevation of the valley, proximity distance from the water source, and the steepness of the slope produced a map of accessibility. This map was then integrated with the lineament density variable and considered the direction of the slope to produce a map of potential areas for cave settlements.