Intersection Area Research Articles

Assessment of habitat suitability and connectivity across the potential distribution landscape of the sambar (Rusa unicolor) in Southwest China

Habitat suitability assessment is the basis for wildlife conservation management and habitat restoration. It is a useful tool to understand the quality of wildlife habitat and its potential spatial distribution. In order to reveal the habitat suitability and connectivity of sambar (Rusa unicolor) to promote species and biodiversity conservation, this study collected records of sambar (Rusa unicolor) from over 2,000 camera traps in the forests of Southwest China in the past 5 years to assess the overall situation of their habitat. The results of the species distribution model revealed that the suitable habitat area for sambar in the five major mountain ranges (Minshan, Qionglai, Daxiangling, Xiaoxiangling, and Liangshan) in Southwest China is 18,231 km2, accounting for 17.02% of the total area. The most suitable habitat of sambar is primarily distributed in Qionglai, as well as the intersection areas of Daxiangling, Xiaoxiangling, and Minshan. The temperature annual range, temperature seasonality, elevation, and distance to road were important factors affecting the distribution of suitable habitat for sambar. Analysis of landscape pattern shows that there were 273 habitat patches, with a maximum patch area of 9,983 km2, accounting for 54.8% of the total suitable habitat area. However, the segmentation index and separation index of each habitat patch were 0.99 and 106.58, respectively, indicating a relatively high habitat fragmentation in the study area. The results of habitat connectivity analysis showed that the Qionglai mountains have the largest suitable habitat area and the highest connectivity among habitat patches. However, habitat connectivity between the five mountains is very low, suggesting that gene flow among these mountain ranges is probably limited. We therefore recommend strengthening protection of sambar and their habitat, with special attention to the establishment of corridors between the different mountain populations.

PEMILIHAN ALTERNATIF PERBAIKAN PERKERASAN JALAN PADA PERSIMPANGAN JALAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (STUDI KASUS: SIMPANG EMPAT BUNTU KABUPATEN BANYUMAS)

The economic growth in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, and its surroundings, followed by the increasing number of vehicles crossing the area. Among the national roads in Banyumas, the Buntu intersection area is one that requires attention. Data collection was conducted by interviewing and filling out questionnaires directly from respondents. In considering the priority of road repairs, there are 11 criteria used in this study. The alternatives that can be done are asphalt pavement, concrete pavement, and concrete - asphalt pavement. The method used in this study uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with the help of Expert Choice 11 software. Results of field survey indicated the types of road damage that occurred at the intersection of four dead ends in Banyumas Regency, the Sampang-Buntu section were ruts, potholes, wear (polished aggregate) while for the Buntu section-South Kedu the types of damage include alligator cracking, ruts, potholes, stripping. Concrete pavement repair is the main choice because the Buntu intersection is a national road whose daily traffic is traversed by heavy vehicles with the heaviest axle loads above 10 tons, such as buses or large trucks so that respondents want road pavement repairs at crossroads to prioritize traffic average daily.

MEASURING THE SPATIAL SIMILARITIES IN VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Abstract. Volunteered citizens have the potential to be used as social and distributed sensors, monitoring their surroundings and producing and sharing massive amounts of geographic data. The degree of spatial similarities in Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) somehow indicates an index for the accuracy and precision of user-generated spatial data. In other words, the spatial similarities in VGI refer to how close a citizen-generated spatial feature is to the true (or accepted one) or how close the citizen-generated spatial features of the same geographic phenomenon are to each other. The present study aims at developing a Web-based GIS tool to collect VGI and extract the spatial similarity indexes. To this end, a case study involving the identification of optimal areas for restaurants in Babolsar, Mazandaran province was used. The degree of similarity between the areas (polygons) proposed by citizens was then investigated using spatial indicators of intersection and minimum central distance. The results show that with the increase in the frequency of citizen-generated polygons, the geometric dispersion of the polygons decreases, and the similarity of citizens’ polygons to establish a restaurant increases. With the increasing agreement, the amount of standard deviation in the area, perimeter, and minimum central distance of intersection areas reduces from 4645 to 15.4, 134.5 to 21.6, and 42.4 to 4.2, respectively.

Severity Differences and Mechanisms of Algal Blooms Among Sections in Pengxi River of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam, 50% of the first-order tributaries in the reservoir area have had frequent algal blooms but with variations regarding the geographical locations of the seriously bloomed sections and the scope of the latter being influenced by the mainstream. This study took the Pengxi River, a first-order tributary of the reservoir area, as an example in order to explore the difference in eutrophication among the river sections and the influence of the Yangtze River on its tributaries. During the spring bloom season of 2019, sampling was carried out in one-week intervals for a total duration of one month. Seven sampling sections (PX1-PX7) were set up from the confluence to upstream. According to the profiles of vertical water temperature and conductivity of each section, the influence scope and form of the backwater of the Yangtze River were inferred; in addition, severity differences and mechanisms of algal blooms among sections were explored through the comparison of the hydrology, water quality, and sediment nutrients among Gaoyang Lake (PX5), which has had serious algal blooms, and the upstream (PX6) and downstream (PX4) sections of PX5, which are both 4 km away from PX5. The results showed that during the sampling month, the average ρ(Chl-a) in the confluence area of the Pengxi River (PX1-PX4) and in the upstream (PX5-PX7) were in the range of 14.55-44.00 μg·L-1 and 42.66-175.40 μg·L-1, respectively. The ρ(Chl-a) of PX5 was up to 413.00 μg·L-1, which was significantly higher than that of other sections (P<0.05). Temperature and conductivity results showed that the backwater from Yangtze River flowed into the Pengxi River from the middle and bottom layers during the period from April to May. The confluence (PX1-PX4) sections were in the intersection area of the backwater from Yangtze River and the upstream of the Pengxi River; thus, the waterbody was unstable, which was not conducive to the formation of algal blooms. However, the upstream (PX5-PX7) sections were not directly affected by the backwater from Yangtze River, leading the nutrient exchange mainly vertically. Most averages of n(TN)/n(TP) and n(DTN)/n(DTP) of PX4-PX6 were all greater than 16, indicating a phosphorus-limited state. During sampling, the average sediment total phosphorus of PX5 was 91% of that in upstream PX6, which was only 4 km away, whereas the surface water total phosphorus of PX5 was 180% of that in PX6. The important reason for this phenomenon is that the water surface width of PX5 was 3.6-4.7 times that of PX6, indicating longer wind fetch in the former section. Owing to the mountainous landscape in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region where windy weather is rare, the disturbance effect of wind and waves on PX5 was stronger than that of PX6, and the nutrients released from the sediment at the PX5 section caused by wind and waves resupplied the surface water more easily, causing more serious algal blooms at PX5 than those at the remaining sections in the Pengxi River. The main causes of the algal blooms in the tributaries of the TGR area lied in the stability of water stratification and the supply of internal phosphorus. The stability of water stratification was mainly affected by the backwater from Yangtze River, and the supply of internal phosphorus in the algal bloom season was affected by the special water stratification phenomenon of the tributaries of TGR-the "surface density layers." The duration and degree of weather disturbance to the surface density layers can be used to predict the time and scale of algal blooms.

Change Analysis of Karst Landforms, Hydrogeological Conditions and Effects of Tunnel Excavation on Groundwater Environment in Three Topography Grades in China

One-third of the Earth in China is formed by Karst topography, which exposes different Karst landforms in three topography grades from southeast to northwest, corresponding to below several hundred meters for the first grade, one to two thousand meters for the second grade, and more than 4000 m for the in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Through the hydrochemical and D-18O stable isotopes of 64 water samples collected along two railway lines and the topography fractal characteristics of three typical Karst areas in different topography grades, the changes in Karst development degree, changes in groundwater activities, and the influence of tunnel excavation effects on groundwater environment were analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) the Karst development degree and the influence of Karst tunnel excavation on the groundwater environment are somehow similar in the first and second grades, while there are significant differences between the slopes area from second to third grade and the third grade area. (2) In detail, the relatively weaker Karst development degree and flow seeping in the second grade relatively weaken the influences of tunnel excavation, including the distribution pattern of water resources, the groundwater flow field, and water circulation, while the tunnel elevation has little room to rise. (3) There are many large faults in the north-southward direction in the third topography grade, and the transportation lines in the eastern-western direction will inevitably encounter them. In the intersection area, the tunnel excavation has great effects on the groundwater environment. (4) The lighter hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are enriched in Karst water from the first grade to the third grade, indicating that the recharge source of Karst water presents obvious elevation effect.

Structural position and some features of the geological structure and the development of the Black Sea Depression

The structural position of the Black Sea deep-sea depression is generally determined by its location in the area of intersection of diagonal transcontinental tectonolineament belts. The different thickness of deposits of the same age in different depressions emphasizes the bloc structure of the earth's crust in the water area. Space photographs clearly show the contours of the depression are enveloping by the long arcs of the mountain ranges and valleys of the Caucasus, Ajaro-Trialetia, and the Eastern and Western Pontides. Such large oval and arcuate, partially sequentially superimposed structures (the Miesian plate, Pannonian and Bohemian massifs) are characteristic of the entire southeastern border of the East European platform and reflect the activity of the processes of destruction of its southern foreland in the zone of development of the classic geosyncline. The available data allow us to assume the superimposed nature of the Black Sea depression, formed as a result of mainly vertical tectonic movements in the field of development of mantle plume activations.

Understanding the Climate–Water–Energy–Food Nexus and the Transition Towards a Circular Economy: The Case of Morocco

The world is currently marked by increasing pressure on natural resources and a big demand for energy, water, and food. Energy, Water, and food are strongly interlinked, and the choices made in one area often have consequences on the others. These interconnections intensify and will be more complex as the demand for resources increases with climate change, population growth, changing consumption patterns, and a linear economy model of ‘take-make-dispose’. however, a circular economy (CE) ensures that economic growth must not necessarily lead to more resource consumption. This paper aims to discuss the circular economy transition with a focus on understanding the interdependencies and complexities of system Climate-Water, Energy, and food security in Morocco. This work first outlines the problem of water resources management in Morocco and determined the areas of intersection between the food-energy-water sectors. It also attempts to explain why water circularity is part of the key factors to accelerate the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy to meet the Sustainable Development Goals, and how circularity can be implemented in the water sector. Finally, it studies two circular alternative solutions (water-saving - drip irrigation, and renewable energy) that Morocco uses to face climate change-induced water scarcity.

Competencies supporting high-performance translational teams: A review of the SciTS evidence base.

A translational team (TT) is a specific type of interdisciplinary team that seeks to improve human health. Because high-performing TTs are critical to accomplishing CTSA goals, a greater understanding of how to promote TT performance is needed. Previous work by a CTSA Workgroup formulated a taxonomy of 5 interrelated team-emergent competency "domains" for successful translation: 1). affect, 2). communication, 3). management, 4). collaborative problem-solving, and 5). leadership. These Knowledge Skills and Attitudes (KSAs) develop within teams from the team's interactions. However, understanding how practice in these domains enhance team performance was unaddressed. To fill this gap, we conducted a scoping literature review of empirical team studies from the broader Science of Team Science literature domains. We identified specific team-emergent KSAs that enhance TT performance, mapped these to the earlier "domain" taxonomy, and developed a rubric for their assessment. This work identifies important areas of intersection of practices in specific competencies across other competency domains. We find that inclusive environment, openness to transdisciplinary knowledge sharing, and situational leadership are a core triad of team-emergent competencies that reinforce each other and are highly linked to team performance. Finally, we identify strategies for enhancing these competencies. This work provides a grounded approach for training interventions in the CTSA context.

ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ 3D ГЕОЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ РАЙОНУ ПЕРЕТИНУ ЗВІЗДАЛЬ-ЗАЛІСЬКОЇ ТА НЕМИРІВСЬКОЇ ЗОН РОЗЛОМІВ

The interpretation of the deep three-dimensional geoelectricalal model of the central part of the Zvizdal-Zaliska and Brusyliv fault zones of the Ukrainian shield, which was built with the involvement of data from experimental observations of the Earth's low-frequency electromagnetic field conducted in 2019 by the Institute of Geophysics named after S.I. Subotin of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, within the Ordyntsi-Lobachiv and Zoziv-Stryzhavka profiles was done. Experimental materials were processed with the PRC_MTMV software package, tipper estimates were obtained for periods of geomagnetic variations from 50 to 3400 s and curves of apparent resistivity (amplitude values and impedance phases) from 10 to 10000 s. Based on the qualitative analysis of magnetovariational profiling parameters, magnetotelluric sounding curves and pseudo-sections, several local near-surface structures of complex orientation in space were identified, which are confined to the Pogrebyshchensky and Ogiivskyi faults, areas of separate parts of the Zvizdal-Zaliska, Brusyliv and Nemyriv fault zones, as well as their convergence , and outside the fault zones in the crystalline massive of the Ukrainian shield. The main result of the geological-geoelectrical interpretation of the 3D model is the discovery of new anomalies of low resistivity in the near-surface part of the earth's crust (from the surface to 0.5-2 km), which correspond to the structural and metallogenic features of the study area; confirmation and detailing of the anomalously heterogeneous distribution of resistivity in the tops of the upper mantle at depths from 70 to 120 km west of the Ukrainian shield. The area of intersection of the Zvizdal-Zaliska and Nemyrivs fault zones is characterized by both a galvanically connected spatially diverse system and local separate near-surface anomalies with low resistivity from 5 to 100 Ohm·m, most of which dip to 0.5-1 km. It is shown that there are connections between conductivity and structural features of the Zvizdal-Zaliska, Brusyliv and Nemyriv fault zones. In addition, some anomalies are found in the granite migmatites of the Ros' structural-formation zone, outside the tectono-metasomatic mineragenic zones. As a rule, anomalies are confined to zones of disintegration of crystalline basement rocks, elongated zones of metasomatization, and areas of distribution of graphitized rocks; moreover, some of the surface anomalies correspond to regions of weathering crusts. The conducted geological-geoelectrical analysis of the model showed that several areas require further study, namely the sub-latitude anomaly west of the Zoziv-Stryzhavka profile and the complex-shaped anomaly in the eastern part of the study area. As promising for the search for minerals, which meets the geoelectrical criteria, the area of the anomaly within the Brusyliv fault zone with a depth of up to 2 km is highlighted.

Философия и идеология (к столетию «Философского парохода»)

The article is an extended version of the introductory speech to the international conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the “Philosophers’ Ship”. It contains an event that began with the expulsion (forced sending abroad on steamboats) by decision of the top political leadership in 1922 from Soviet Russia of a large group of intelligentsia, including a number of prominent philosophers, and ended with the actual recognition by the same political autho­rity of the fallacy of this act. The author proposes to consider this event, which received the symbolic name of the “Philosophers’ Ship”, as a single (integral) process and at the same time as a historical experiment in elevating a certain philosophy (dialectical materialism) to the rank of state ideology. It is shown that the negative result of this experiment is important for understanding the na­ture of the interaction between philosophy and ideology as different forms of so­cial consciousness. They have a common area of intersection, but an attempt to merge them completely inevitably leads to mutual collapse, the most impor­tant consequence of which the author considers is the revival of the pluralism of philosophical teachings in the country. The symmetry between the expulsion of the “Philosophical Ship” and its return is emphasized. The most important outcome and socially significant lesson of this epoch-making event is the need for such an organization of the space of spiritual life, which by its very nature opposes the elevation of a certain philosophical doctrine, regardless of its qua­lity, to the rank of state ideology.

Can sural nerve injuries be prevented in posterior leg approaches? Stage 1: Ultrasound evaluation of a new method based on surface anatomical landmarks and sural nerve pathway

Category: Other; Other Introduction/ Purpose: The risk of sural nerve intersection with posterior leg approaches, and its potential risk of injury in some surgeries can range from 60% to 100%. Several authors have described methods to predict the path of the sural nerve through metric units of non-proportional distances, however these distances are altered by patient's height, leg length and body mass index (BMI); none has proposed a reproducible method, proportional to each person based on anatomical references. The aim is to describe ultrasonographically the distance and crossing zone between a new method, proportional to each person, based on a surface reference line and the position of the sural nerve. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, performed between January to April 2022 in patients requiring foot surgery who met inclusion criteria. We located and marked by ultrasound the course of the sural nerve in the posterior aspect of the leg. Landmarks were drawn and marked with a straight line from the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle to the tip of the fibula. This line was divided into two equal segments and the distal half was subdivided into 4 zones, this way, we studied areas based on simple anatomical proportions for each patient. The distance between the references and the ultrasound position of the nerve was measured in these 4 zones, creating intersection points and safety areas. Location and distances of the sural nerve from the proposed landmarks were assessed. A size of 96 lower limbs (48 patients) was determined with 95% confidence interval and 80% power to SN concordance between the two legs greater than 15% of that reported in the literature. Results: 100 lower limbs (50 left; 50 right) assessed in 50 patients were included. Forty-four percent female (44/100) and 56% male (56/100). The median age was 45 (range: 22 - 74) years. The median height was 164 (range: 150 - 180) cm with a median BMI of 23.3 (range: 17.7 - 39.7) kg/cm2. The shortest median distance of the nerve passage was 2.9 mm from Point 2. The sural nerve intersection was 59% in Zone B, 19% in Zone C and 20% in Zone A. Safety zones were established. Average 80% of coincidence in sural nerve localization, in the distal half of the leg, in relation to the surface reference line when comparing both legs of each patient. Conclusion: This study proposes a simple, reproducible, non-invasive, and for the first time, person-proportional method that describes the distance and location of the main areas of intersection of the sural nerve with points and areas determined by a line guided by superficial anatomical landmarks.

Platoon-based collision-free control for connected and automated vehicles at non-signalized intersections

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper proposes a distributed collision-free control scheme for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) at a non-signalized intersection. We first divide an intersection area into three sections, i.e., the free zone, the platoon zone, and the control zone. In order to enable the following vehicles to track the trajectory of their leading vehicle in the platoon zone and the control zone, as well as to guarantee the desired distance between any two adjacent vehicles, the distributed platoon controllers are designed. In the control zone, each vehicular platoon is taken as a whole to be coordinated via an intersection coordination unit (ICU). To avoid collision between each pair of the conflicting platoons approaching from different directions, a platoon-based coordination strategy is designed by scheduling the arrival time of each leading vehicle of different platoons. Specially, considering traffic efficiency and fuel economy, the optimal control problem of the leading vehicle is formulated subject to the constraint of allowable minimum arrival time, which is derived from coordination with other approaching platoons. The Pontryagin Minimum Principle (PMP) and phase-plane method are applied to find the optimal control sequences. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of this scheme.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

Ultrasound evaluation of a new surface reference line to describe sural nerve location and safe zones to consider in posterior leg approaches

PurposeSeveral authors have described methods to predict the sural nerve pathway with non-proportional numerical distances, but none have proposed a person-proportional, reproducible method with anatomical references. The aim of this research is to describe ultrasonographically the distance and crossing zone between a surface reference line and the position of the sural nerve.MethodsDescriptive cross-sectional study, performed between January and April 2022 in patients requiring foot surgery who met inclusion criteria. The sural nerve course in the posterior leg was located and marked using ultrasound. Landmarks were drawn with a straight line from the medial femoral condyle to the tip of the fibula. Four equal zones were established in the leg by subdividing the distal half of the line. This way, areas based on simple anatomical proportions for each patient were studied. The distance between the marking and the ultrasound nerve position was measured in these 4 zones, creating intersection points and safety areas. Location and distances from the sural nerve to the proposed landmarks were assessed.ResultsOne-hundred and four lower limbs, 52 left and 52 right, assessed in 52 patients were included. The shortest median distance of the nerve passage was 2.9 mm from Point 2. The sural nerve intersection was 60/104 (57.7%) in Zone B, 21/104 (20.1%) in Zone C and 19/104 (18.3%) in Zone A. Safety zones were established. Average 80.5% of coincidence in sural nerve localization was found in the distal half of the leg, in relation to the surface reference line when comparing both legs of each patient.ConclusionsThis study proposes a simple, reproducible, non-invasive and, for the first time, person-proportional method, that describes the distance and location of the main areas of intersection of the sural nerve with points and zones (risk and safe zones) determined by a line guided by superficial anatomical landmarks. Its application when surgeons plan and perform posterior leg approaches will help to avoid iatrogenic nerve injuries.Level of evidenceIV.

Multi-temporal evaluation and optimization of ecological network in multi-mountainous city

In karst multi-mountainous areas, there are a large number of urban remnant mountains (URMs) in urban built-up areas, which are an important part of urban green space system and have important and unique ecosystem service functions. However, the densifying development inside the city has been leading to the reduction of the number and area of the URMs and the decrease of the connectivity of the urban green space system, resulting in the fragile urban ecological environment. The construction and optimization of ecological network (EN) is an effective way to protect important urban ecological patches and improve the stability of urban green space ecosystem. Taking the central area of Anshun, a typical multi-mountainous city, as the study area, based on the land use data of 2007, 2012 and 2017, the ecological sources were identified by morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and the potential ecological corridors were extracted by the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR), and the ENs of the three periods were identified. 18 ecological sources were selected for each of the three periods, with a total area of 833.67 hm2, 713.25 hm2 and 806.85 hm2, respectively and the intersection area of ecological sources reached 650.58 hm2. The ecological corridors and ecological sources dwindled with time. The Gravity model was used to extract the important EN corridor, the InVEST model was used to quantify the comprehensive habitat quality. The EN was optimized by adding extra ecological sources, mending ecological breakpoints and extracting habitat quality map patches. It is suggested to add 6 ecological sources and 34 ecological corridors, protect ecological nodes and build stepping stone patches. The results of this study could not only provide a scientific and reasonable basis for the ecological protection and the development of ecological protection strategies in the urban central area of Anshun, but also enrich the theoretical research of urban biodiversity conservation planning and ecological restoration practice in multi-mountainous cities.

Traumatology-an interdisciplinary task: exclusively for educational purposes?

Traumatology of the head and neck region is not only apart of otorhinolaryngology, but also has alarge overlap with neighboring disciplines of the head and neck region. In Freiburg, an interdisciplinary lecture on "ENT emergencies" was implemented in the 21/22 winter semester. The aim was to provide an even more realistic view on interdisciplinary patient care and to make evident the areas of intersection of four of the major head disciplines (otorhinolaryngology, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and maxillofacial surgery). Anew, special lecture in otorhinolaryngology was implemented as part of the regular online lecture series accompanying the semester. With reference to the clinical care of ENT emergencies, possible overlaps with neighboring disciplines were identified and explained by the discipline representatives or discussed in front of and with the auditorium. At the end of the semester, all participating students (n = 173) were invited to evaluate the seminar using the survey tool "EvaSys" (EvaSys GmbH, Lüneburg, Germany). In total, 78students participated in the evaluation process. The new lecture concept was very well accepted and immediately ranked top among the interdisciplinary lecture titles within the ENT lecture series. The clear communication of the term "interdisciplinarity" in the sense of acomplementary clinical cooperation was also very successful and was appreciated accordingly by students during the evaluation process. Pragmatic presentation of ideal clinical patient care using an interdisciplinary approach is possible within the regular ENT lecture series. This realistic portrayal, beyond any technical and/or professional differences, is of great interest to students and is considered clinically relevant. Thus, interdisciplinary lectures provide avaluable tool to teach the fundamental values of clinical interdisciplinary management for the best possible patient care.

Peculiarities of the condition of the foundation slab of the pumped storage power plant water intake

The authors present the results of the analysis of field observations of the condition of the base slab of the water intake structure of hydroelectric power plant (including the stresses in the reinforcement in the areas of intersection with the vertical joints and the width of the opening of these joints). The aim of the study is to control the condition of the reinforced concrete structure of the foundation slab of the water inlet of the hydroelectric power plant, as well as to develop measures to strengthen the bottom section of the foundation slab in the areas of vertical interblock joints. In order to control the stress and strain of the base plate of the water intake of hydroelectric power plant, string control and measuring equipment was installed: on reinforcement rods - reinforcement dynamometers PSAS, on vertical interblock joints - displacement sensors PLPS. The field observations of the stress state of the reinforcement of the base slab of the water intake structure of hydroelectric power station showed that high values of tensile stresses, exceeding the design resistance of A500C class reinforcement (435 MPa), occurred in the reinforcement rods (directed along the flow), crossing the lower vertical interblock joints. There was also fixed the width of opening of the vertical interblock joint, reaching 1.28 mm. There was a necessity to strengthen the lower section of the foundation slab of the water intake structure of hydroelectric pumped storage power plant. For this purpose, inclined reinforcing bars (anchors) crossing the lower vertical interblock joints were installed. The outlet sections of the buttresses of the slab of the downstream section of the inlet to the downstream parapet were increased.

Evaluation of Approximate Expressions to Calculate the Area of the Intersection between a Sphere and a Cylindrical Plane

Cylindrical packed beds of spheres are found in many industrial and practical applications where heat and mass transfer and fluid flow occur. A proper understanding of the porous structure is imperative for the analysis and design of the performance of packed beds. The porosity of the packed bed and in particular the radial variation in porosity is of interest. When the positions and sizes of the spheres in the packed bed are known, the areas of the intersections between the spheres and selected cylindrical planes can be used to obtain the radial variation in porosity. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of approximate expressions that had been derived to calculate the intersection areas. Firstly, the ability of the approximate expressions to calculate the intersection area is evaluated by considering several typical sphere–cylindrical plane configurations. Secondly, the application of the approximate expressions to obtain the radial variation in porosity for a selection of cylindrical packed beds is evaluated. It is concluded that the approximate expressions should only be applied to packed beds with aspect ratios larger than 6 and for radial positions larger than 1.5 sphere diameters from the centre line of the cylindrical packed bed.

Spherical Fuzzy Graph Application in Traffic

Abstracts: The applications of spherical fuzzy graphs are covered in this article. Real-world issues are addressed with the spherical fuzzy graph. The purpose of the graph is to use spherical fuzzy vertex colouring to indicate the unintentional zone in the traffic flows. The applications, on the other hand, display information regarding the movement and intersection of the cars. In order to colour the nodes in a network that generates the chromatic number, this paper's goal is to highlight the intersection areas on road maps.

Statistics and Machine Learning in Aviation Environmental Impact Analysis: A Survey of Recent Progress

The rapid growth of global aviation operations has made its negative environmental impact an international concern. Accurate modeling of aircraft fuel burn, emissions, and noise is the prerequisite for informing new operational procedures, technologies, and policies towards a more sustainable future of aviation. In the past decade, due to the advances in big data technologies and effective algorithms, the transformative data-driven analysis has begun to play a substantial role in aviation environmental impact analysis. The integration of statistical and machine learning methods in the workflow has made such analysis more efficient and accurate. Through summarizing and classifying the representative works in this intersection area, this survey paper aims to extract prevailing research trends and suggest research opportunities for the future. The methodology overview section presents a comprehensive development process and landscape of statistical and machine learning methods for applied researchers. In the main section, relevant works in the literature are organized into seven application themes: data reduction, efficient computation, predictive modeling, uncertainty quantification, pattern discovery, verification and validation, and infrastructure and tools. Each theme contains background information, in-depth discussion, and a summary of representative works. The paper concludes with the proposal of five future opportunities for this research area.

Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Asymmetrical Large Deformation of Heading Roadway Facing Mining

The problem of asymmetric large deformation of surrounding rock of heading roadways is prominent due to the superposition of mining stress in the mining intersection area. Therefore, on the basis of the background of 18,106 tailentry in the Xiegou Coal Mine, this paper establishes a mechanical model of surrounding rock deformation of mining roadways under the effect of advanced abutment pressure. In the model, we deduce the theoretical calculation formula of roadway full-section deformation and discuss the influence factors of roadway surrounding rock deformation. Accordingly, the deformation mechanism of surrounding rock of mining roadways and the engineering suggestions and measures are revealed. The main results and finding are threefold. Firstly, the increase of the stress concentration factor of the coal pillar rib and the increase of the width of the failure zone are the fundamental reasons leading to the aggravation of the surrounding rock deformation on the side of the coal pillar in the heading roadway. Secondly, the deformation of the coal pillar rib increases with the increase of stress concentration factor and decreases with the increase of coal cohesion, internal friction angle, elastic modulus, and roadway rib support resistance. Additionally, the deformation of the roadway roof and floor decreases with the increase of roadway rib support resistance and is inversely proportional to the cubic power of rock beam thickness and elastic modulus. The deformation rate of the roadway roof and floor increases with the increase of vertical stress concentration factor of the coal pillar rib, and the maximum deformation position shifts to the side of the coal pillar. Therefore, increasing the strength and stiffness of the roadway surrounding rock and the supporting resistance of surrounding rock can reduce the deformation of roadway surrounding rock and the influence of advanced abutment pressure on roadway deformation. In the end, the rationality and feasibility of the theoretical analysis is verified through an engineering example. Under the influence of advanced abutment pressure, the deformation of roadway floor heave is the most severe, the asymmetrical deformation on both sides of the roadway is remarkable, and the deformation of coal pillar side is about twice that of solid coal side.